（3）閱讀理解-科技類-2022年高考英語真題模擬試題專項解析

1、（3）閱讀理解-科技類2022年高考英語真題模擬試題專項匯編1.【2022年全國乙卷，閱讀C】Can a small group of drones（無人機(jī)）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays neyes in the skyn technology to making sur

2、e that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基石出設(shè)施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructu

3、re such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in

4、 maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous wo

5、rk that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont n

6、eed to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pil

7、ot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.1 .What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines. B.Drones1 ability to work at high altitudes.C.The reduction of

8、cost in designing drones. D.Drones* reliable performance in remote areas. 2.What does maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early w

9、arning.B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits for the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Cha

10、nge the Future of Railways.【2022年重慶高三模擬，閱讀C】.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.（蘋果表示, 它 將推出大量新服務(wù)，從新聞到視頻游戲和信用卡。其最大的項目是娛樂流媒體服務(wù)Apple TV+。廠 可知，蘋果希望為其手機(jī)開發(fā)許多新功能。故選b。.主旨

11、大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.（蘋果表示，它將推出大量新服務(wù)，從新聞到視頻游戲和信用卡。其最大的項目是娛樂流媒體 服務(wù) Apple TV+o ）”和第三段的“Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according

12、to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.（據(jù)分析人士稱,蘋果預(yù)計每年將投資數(shù)十（億美元制作視頻內(nèi)容，以在包括亞馬遜 （Amazon） Netflix Hulu和迪士尼（Disney）在內(nèi)的擁擠市場中競爭。）”可知，本文主要講的是蘋果 表示，它將推出大量新服務(wù)，從新聞到視頻游戲和信用卡，以期和競爭者競爭，也就是本文主要 講的是蘋果公司與競爭者競爭的新舉措，即Apples new efforts to comp

13、ete against competitorso 故選Ao.答案：1-4 ADAC解析：1 .細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段This isnot as a replacement for teachers, but as a tool or an assistant that can aid them both in trying to close the gap in achievement between the rich and the poor and in making up for lost teaching time, for instance這不是作為教師的替代品，而是作為一種工具或助

14、手， 可以幫助他們縮小貧富差距，彌補(bǔ)失去的教學(xué)時間。）可知，人工智能是作為一種教師的工具或助 手而存在于課堂上的。故選A。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段 If AI can help target existing teaching resources better, the benefits could be incalculable4如果人工智能能夠更好地利用現(xiàn)有的教學(xué)資源，其好處可能是無法估量的。）可知，更 好地利用現(xiàn)有的教學(xué)資源會是課堂上利用人工智能的好處。故選Do.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段 AI belongs in the classroom only so long as it enh

15、ances the humankind.（人工智能只有在提高人類素質(zhì)的前提下，才能進(jìn)入課堂。）可知，人工智能課堂最重要 的是要提高人類素質(zhì)。故選A。.標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第二段 Artificial intelligence （AI）, however, still deserves a role in the classroom.（然而，人工智能（AI）仍然值得在課堂上發(fā)揮作用。）可知，這篇文章主要講述要把人工智 能帶入課堂。所以C.Rules for Bringing Al into the Classroom（將人工智能帶入課堂的規(guī)則）作為題目 最合適，故選C。.答案：l.C;2.D;3.B

16、;4.A解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中So, software first has to recognize the shape of a human body.and then map out the key points of our body .所以，軟件首先要識別人體的形狀,然后繪制出我們身體的關(guān)鍵 點(diǎn)）”可知，要讓計算機(jī)理解人類的肢體語言，最重要的是軟件。故選Co.推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第三段 But understanding that an image contains an elbow, a knee, or a face doesntt do much good. So, n

17、ow the computer is paying close attention to our faces and our hands. Classifying emotions as body language and facial expressions is literally in our genes, so it comes pretty easily.（但理 解圖像中包含肘部。膝蓋或一張臉并沒有多大幫助。所以，現(xiàn)在電腦正在密切關(guān)注我們的臉和手。 將情緒歸類為肢體語言和面部表情是由我們的基因決定的，所以很容易就能做到）以及第四段But computers need to see a

18、 ton of examples of any given kind of body language, then to be told what that body language is or means, and then they can, over time, and with more and more examples, o identify that same or similar stance with that emotion但是計算機(jī)需要看到大量的任何一種肢體語言的例子，然后 被告知這種肢體語言是什么或意味著什么，然后它們可以，隨著時間的準(zhǔn)移,通過越來越多的例子，識 別出

19、那種肢體語言情緒狀況下相同或相似的意義）可知，因為時部。膝蓋或一張臉的圖像對計算機(jī)理 解人類肢體語言并沒有多大好處，所以計算機(jī)關(guān)注情緒:臉（面部表情）和手（肢體語言），把情緒被分為 肢體語言和面部表情，是為了讓計算機(jī)好識別它們肯后的意義。故選Do.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文 But computers need to see a ton of examples of any given kind of body language, then to be told what that body language is or means, and then they can, over time,

20、 and with more and more examples, identify that same or similar stance with that emotion.（但是，計算機(jī)需要看至U任何 種特定肢體語言的大量例子，然后被告知這種肢體語言是什么或意味著什么，然后隨著時間的推移，通 過越來越多的例子，他們可以用這種情緒識別那種肢體語言情緒狀況下相同或相似的stance）”可知， 計算機(jī)識別的是特定肢體語言背后的意義，通過越來越多肢體語言的例子，計算機(jī)就可以識別出那種 肢體語言情緒狀況下相同或相似的意思。故畫線詞意思是意義”。A.Attitude.態(tài)度BMeaning.意 義;C

21、.Behavior.行為;D.Expression.表情。故選 B。4,主旨大意題。 根據(jù)第段 Getting computers to understand human body language is no simple task. Lets break down the steps to get a good understanding of what your body language is saying.（讓電腦理解 人類的肢體語言并不是一件簡單的事情。讓我們分解這些步驟,以便更好地理解你的肢體語言在說 什么）結(jié)合文章，主要說明了計算機(jī)理解人類肢體語言的詳細(xì)步驟。可知,A選項計算機(jī)

22、是如何識別肢 體語言的最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。.答案：1 -4 DACB解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的 His colleagues who work in clinical settings have been communicating their concerns to him, saying, nGive me something that can watch me because I dont have the time to take care of myself as Fil taking care of this influx （涌入）of patients.n And t

23、hafs where it started, Hester explains.（他在臨床環(huán)境中工作的同事一直在向他表達(dá)他們的擔(dān)憂，他們說：”給我一 些可以觀察我的東西，因為我沒有時間照顧自己，因為我正在履行我的臨床職責(zé)，照顧大量涌入 的患者?！焙＝z特解釋說，這就是它的起源。）可知，約西亞海絲特開發(fā)FaceBit的靈感來自他的 同事的要求。故選D。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的 A Bluetooth connection send these data to a companion phone app.（藍(lán)牙 連接會將這些數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到配套的手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序。）可知，戴口罩的人通過檢查配套手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，

24、從FaceBit上獲取信息。故選A。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的 Other researchers will also be able to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life.（其他研究人員也將能夠改進(jìn)能量收集組件并延長電池壽命。） 可知，Josiah Hester的項目需要合作。故選C。.寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第二段的 Rather than developing an entire Hsmart mask, * which might be impractical to reuse, Hes

25、tefs team created an electronic device（海絲特的團(tuán)隊沒有開發(fā)出一個可能無法 重復(fù)使用的完整的”智能面具二而是創(chuàng)造了一種電子設(shè)備）可知，文章的目的是介紹一種電子設(shè) 備。故選B。6.答案：LA;2.C;3.B;4.A解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的Horizon Workrooms is a VR tool that provides teams with a virtual space across VR and the web to connect and work together. It is meant to provide an immer

26、sive （沉浸式的）experience for teams working remotely.（ Horizon Workrooms 是一項跨虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)工具，可以 提供給團(tuán)隊跨越虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的空間去聯(lián)系和協(xié)同工作，它意味著能夠給團(tuán)隊提供沉浸式的團(tuán)隊 體驗進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程辦公）”可知，第一自然段中作者使用了下定義的方法展開內(nèi)容。故選A。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Users will have to purchase the companys headsets and download the Workrooms app on their devices. Then they should fo

27、llow the instructions to set up an account. Once the user registration is complete, users from the team can signup and create a new Workrooms team. They can also invite colleagues to their existing team. Then users can experience VR-powered meetings and connect with teammates in the same virtual roo

28、m.（使用者需要購買該公司的頭戴設(shè)備并且在設(shè)備上下 載Workrooms客戶端。之后，他們應(yīng)該按照說明書建立一個賬戶。一旦用戶注冊完成,來自工作團(tuán)隊 的用戶就可以登錄并且創(chuàng)建一個新的工作群組。他們也可以邀請同事加入已有的工作群組。之后 用戶就可以體驗使用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)會議并且和在同一一個虛擬會議室的同事聯(lián)系）”可知，第二自然段主 要談及如何啟用Workrooms。故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的The Workrooms will not use the work conversations or the materials used during meetings to make prof

29、it. Facebook also makes it clear that the company and even the third-party apps connected with Workrooms will not be given access to the data used in the meeting.（Workrooms將不會使用工作對話或會議期間使用的材料來盈利。Facebook還明確表示,該 公司以及甚至與Workrooms相連的第三方應(yīng)用程序都無法訪問會議中使用的數(shù)據(jù)r可知,Workroom 不會使用工作對話和在會議中使用的資料去獲益，同時也表明公司以及客戶端接入的

30、第三方軟件也 沒有權(quán)限獲取會議中使用的數(shù)據(jù),因此推斷它的建立考慮到了安全和隱私。故選B。.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的Virtual reality possesses the ability to transform the way we work. Its ability to allow for better cooperation while bridging the gaps between the regular office setups and the remote working culture could revamp the digital cooperation se

31、tups as we know them today（虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)具 有改變我們工作方式的能力。它允許更好的合作的能力,彌合常規(guī)辦公室設(shè)置和遠(yuǎn)程工作文化之間 的差距的同時，可以revamp我們今天所知道的數(shù)字合作設(shè)置）”可知，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)擁有可以改變的工作方 式的能力。允許我們更好地協(xié)作，彌補(bǔ)常規(guī)辦公室組織方式缺陷以及遠(yuǎn)程工作文化，因此推斷這種能 力可以改變我們當(dāng)前所認(rèn)知的數(shù)字協(xié)作方式，故此處的revamp意為make changes to,即做出改變。故 選Ao.答案：LD;2.A;3.A;4.C解析：1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段后兩句 Contrary to conventional knowled

32、ge, their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of creative destructionn that allows new organisms （to radiate and evolve. Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.（與傳統(tǒng) 知識相反，他們的研究表明,更大規(guī)模的滅絕并不總是一種使得新生物輻射和進(jìn)化的”創(chuàng)造性破壞”。 相反，它表明,大滅絕

33、很少與新的輻射物種有關(guān)）可知，本段主要講了這項研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)（結(jié)果）。故選Do 2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段后兩句New machine learning applications can help us understand this information in human-readable form. This means that we can, so to speak, hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see.（新的機(jī)器

34、學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序可 以幫助我們以人類可讀的形式理解這些信息。這意味著,可以說，我們可以將5億年的進(jìn)化掌握在手 中,并從我們所看到的東西中獲得新的見解）可知，科學(xué)家可以借助“New machine learning applications11 即AI人工智能來掌握5億年的進(jìn)化情況，由此可推知，人工智能技術(shù)對進(jìn)化的研究貢獻(xiàn)很大。故選Ao.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中 Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.（相反，它表明，大滅絕很少與新的輻射物種有關(guān)）和倒數(shù)第

35、二段中的It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation.（看來，大規(guī)模的物種滅絕肯定不 是進(jìn)化輻射的導(dǎo)火索）可知,大規(guī)模滅絕不可能引起進(jìn)化輻射。故選Ao.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Using the power of artificial intelligence（AI）,scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction.（利用人工

36、智能的力量，科學(xué)家們對大規(guī) 模滅絕的產(chǎn)生和破壞有了新的見解）”及后文的講述可知，文章主要介紹了利用人工智能對大規(guī)模物 種滅絕進(jìn)行的研究情況及產(chǎn)生的新認(rèn)識,C項對大滅絕的新認(rèn)識符合文意。故選Co8.答案：l.D;2.A;3.C;4.B解析：1.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中And I wanted to be a wildlife cinematographer.”以及畫線詞后文 “working for shows like Discovery Channels Shark Week, filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cru

37、z, California”可知,Thron小時候就想成為一名野生動物電影攝影師，結(jié)果當(dāng)Thron長大后，他 真的成了野生動物電影攝影師,為探索頻道的鯊魚周這樣的節(jié)目工作，在加州圣克魯茲海岸拍攝 大白鯊。故that指的是“野生動物電影攝影師”。故選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night Thron and the man talked about how incredible it would be to put one on a drone to detect animals more easil

38、y.（該攝像機(jī)利 用熱量在夜間探測動物,Thron和此人談到,如果在無人機(jī)上安裝-一個攝像頭，可以更容易地探測動物, 那將是多么不可思議）”可推知,Thron把紅外攝像機(jī)安在無人機(jī)上的目的是快速定位動物。故選Ao 3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be rescued, Thronsays. Once the scope picks up the heat signature of an animal1, Thron t

39、urns a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it, so he and the rescue crews can go and save the animal.，無人 機(jī)真的縮短了關(guān)鍵時間,所以真正嚴(yán)重受傷的動物能夠獲救JThron說。一旦瞄準(zhǔn)鏡捕捉到”動物的 熱信號:Thron就把聚光燈對準(zhǔn)動物并放大，這樣他和救援人員就可以去救動物了）”可知，第五段主要 講了 Thron使用無人機(jī)拯救動物的方式。故選C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中 The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night Thr

40、on and the man talked about how incredible it would be to put one on a drone to detect animals more easily.（該攝像機(jī)利 用熱量在夜間探測動物,Thron和此人談至U,如果在無人機(jī)上安裝一個攝像頭，可以更容易地探測動物, 那將是多么不可思議）以及第五段 The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be rescued,nThron says. Once

41、 the scope picks up the heat signature of an animal. Thron turns a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it,。so he and the rescue crews can go and save the animal.（無人機(jī)真的縮短了關(guān)鍵時間,所以真正嚴(yán)重受傷的動物能夠獲教JThron說。一旦瞄準(zhǔn)鏡捕 捉到動物的熱信號”,Thron就把聚光燈對準(zhǔn)動物并放大，這樣他和救援人員就可以去救動物了）可推 知,Thron想到了利用紅外攝像機(jī)和無人機(jī)教助動物的辦法，可見他具有創(chuàng)造性。故選BoF

42、or years, Apples business has centered around the iPhone, but sales of that once - revolutionary but now commonplace device have slowed. And the entire world of computers has been flipped(翻動)on its head. Apple has been diversifying beyond hardware, selling iCloud storage to its customers, a $10 a mo

43、nth music streaming service and movies and television shows through iTunes.But Mondays concerned announcement takes that diversification to a whole new level. Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming

44、 service Apple TV +.Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around a

45、nd more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.In fact, the electronics people are excited about buying are becoming vessels for sending and receiving data. And in that a

46、rea, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft, which now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services, which is a fancy term for data center usage and storage.The invite Apple sent to invitees said simply, nIt*s show time.1 The question now is whether Apple can

47、break a leg.Where does the magic of consumer technology come from?A. Streaming service.B. iCloud storage.C. Server farms.D. Video games.What does the underlined word revenue in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Income.B. Advertisements.C. Equipment.D. Games.What does the author tend to agree with?The sal

48、es of iPhone have been taking the lead in the world.Apple expects to develop many new functions in its phone.People are crazy about getting some new electronics in life.Apple provides a lot of new services for its consumers now.What is the main idea of the passage?Apples new efforts to compete again

49、st competitors.Electronics will play important roles in technology.Some companies do better than Apple in technology.Apple is able to benefit a lot from its diverse service.3.【2022年遼寧大連一模，閱讀C】Teachers are one of the professions least at risk of being automated. A job that requires emotional intellig

50、ence and flexibility -in adapting lesson plans on the fly to a particular group of children, for example -is not one particularly well-suited to robots.Artificial intelligence (AI), however, still deserves a role in the classroom. This is not as a replacement for teachers, but as a tool or an assist

51、ant that can aid them both in trying to close the gap inachievement between the rich and the poor and in making up for lost teaching time, for instance.The principle of machine learning is to enhance humans* existing capacities. The best AI apps promise to improve teachers knowledge of what their st

52、udents need, how best they deliver the teaching, and which students require the most help-from a human teacher to keep up with their learning. Besides, poor and unequal schooling, leaving too many children behind, is one of the deepest roots of inequality and low productivity. If AI can help target

53、existing teaching resources better, the benefits could be incalculable.Therefore, smart policy is urgent. There must be a focus on the teaching philosophy behind the programs, as well as ensuring that any decisions made by machine learning are under human control. In education, choices made by AI co

54、uld set a direction for the rest of a child*s life.These may be common concerns about AI, but education is particularly sensitive-especially the ownership and control of any data generated through the platforms. Schools, too, will need to prevent teachers, who already have plenty of responsibilities

55、, from also having to keep up to date with thousands of apps. AI belongs in the classroom only so long as it enhances the humankind. l.What role should AI play in the classroom?A.An assistant to help teachers.B.An aid to punish students.C.A machine to replace teachers.D.A tool to protect students.2.

56、Which is the benefit of using AI apps in teaching?A.It tells which teacher needs the most help.B.It instructs teachers how to deliver speeches.C.It provides ways for teachers to make money.D.It helps balance the existing teaching resources.What matters most in Al teaching?A.Improving the humankind.C

57、.Preventing teachers from using apps.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.The Popularity of E-Teaching AppsC.Rules for Bringing AI into the Classroom4.【2022年安徽安慶二模，閱讀B】B.Setting a direction for education.D.Producing data through online platforms.B.The Application and Flexibility of AI 0.Appro

58、aches to Enhancing Teaching OnlineGetting computers to understand human body language is no simple task. Lets break down the steps to get a good understanding of what your body language is saying.First, the computer needs to see. So, it needs a camera. But a computer doesnt see like we do, and it on

59、ly gets a stream of data from the camera. So, software first has to recognize the shape of a human body, and then map out the key points of our body. Some poor souls have to teach a computer what all of our different body parts look like in lots of different lighting conditions, and lots of differen

60、t body types.But understanding that an image contains an elbow, a knee, or a face doesnt do much good. So, now the computer is paying close attention to our faces and our hands. Classifying emotions as body language and facial expressions is literally in our genes, so it comes pretty easily.But comp