閱讀理解之推理判斷題解題指導(dǎo)-教師版

1、閱讀理解之推理判斷題解題指導(dǎo)一、推理判斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式1. The writer / author / passage implies / suggests (暗示) that _.2. It can be inferred (推斷）from the story that _.3. We can learn from the passage that _.4. The passage is intended to _.5. The first paragraph of this passage is to _.6. From the passage, we can learn / conclu

2、de that _.7. The passage may be a / an _.8. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?9. Which of the following might happen later?10. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?二、選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)分析推理判斷題目選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置有一定的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，了解這些，可以幫助提高答題的正確率。1正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：（1）正確選項(xiàng)一般含義比較豐富，具有一定的綜合性和概括性；（2）正確選項(xiàng)的表述一般不會(huì)

3、太絕對(duì)，而是會(huì)用一些相對(duì)寬泛的詞匯，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；（3）正確選項(xiàng)有時(shí)候與通過(guò)常識(shí)判斷得出的結(jié)論相反，要特別注意。2干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：（1）只是原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述，而非推斷出的結(jié)論；（2）看似從原文推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論，然而實(shí)際上與原文不符；（3）根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷是正確的，然而不是在文章事實(shí)或上下文邏輯基礎(chǔ)上推理而得出的觀點(diǎn)；（4）雖然以文章提供的事實(shí)或內(nèi)在邏輯為依據(jù)，但推理過(guò)頭、概括過(guò)度；（5）部分選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容純屬編造。三、推理判斷題的解題方法解決此類(lèi)題要注意：一是與原文

4、相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選；二是不能跳出文章做推斷。1. 抓住特定關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行推理。做此類(lèi)試題要善于抓住某一段話(huà)中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷，利用正向推理或逆向思維，從而推斷出這句話(huà)所隱含的深層含義?！纠?】The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (計(jì)算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They contro

5、l the satellites and make sure they are working well.The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 means “_”. A. Receivers B. GPS devicesC. Satellites D. Ground stations【解析】根據(jù)這段文字，我們可以推斷出They指的是ground stations（地面衛(wèi)星接收站），故選D?！纠?】Cost Adult: $7.40 Children (under 15 years): half John and his 10-year-old so

6、n want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay? A. $7.40. B. $11.10.C. $14.80. D. $23.20.【解析】根據(jù)上面的信息可知，15歲以下的孩子是半價(jià)。所以，一個(gè)成人和一個(gè)10歲的孩子應(yīng)該花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10，故選B?！纠?】A downside of plastic cash is that it costs more money to produce. Cash and money-counting machines will also have to be ad

7、apted to accept the new money.What can you infer from Paragraph 6? A. Plastic notes should be printed in cash machines.B. There are some disadvantages of using plastic notes.C. Every country will have to accept the new money.D. Plastic notes should be produced by the cashiers.【解析】第6段有兩句話(huà)，主要講了塑料鈔票的缺點(diǎn)

8、，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B項(xiàng)正確。2. 利用作者的思想感情、文字色彩進(jìn)行推斷。有些題目要求考生根據(jù)文段的相關(guān)信息對(duì)文中人物的性格、心理狀況、心智或品質(zhì)做出判斷，這時(shí)一定要扣緊文段的主題或話(huà)題，不要受一些細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)的干擾。文章中的措辭會(huì)體現(xiàn)作者或者其他人物的思想傾向和感情色彩，這往往隱含在字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中。因此，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文章用詞。【例1】Many people welcome the citys growth. But an increasing number of Dubai natives worry about the speed of change. As a Dub

9、ai native says, “We must always remember where we came from. Our kids must know we worked very, very hard to get where we are now, and theres a lot more work to do.”In the last paragraph, what does the underlined part mean?A. We should always visit Dubai.B. We should learn from foreigners.C. We must

10、 always remember our past.D. We must only think about the future.【解析】根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)部分中的用詞：must always, very, very hard等可以斷定，說(shuō)話(huà)人非常重視迪拜的歷史，強(qiáng)調(diào)不要忘本，尤其現(xiàn)在的孩子要知道他們父母奮斗的歷史，故選C。我們也可以從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)上排除個(gè)別選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)A、D，太過(guò)絕對(duì)，根據(jù)常識(shí)，我們可以排除這兩項(xiàng)。那么，我們就可以從B、C兩項(xiàng)中選。這時(shí)再讀劃線(xiàn)句子，很好排除選項(xiàng)B?！纠?】Sylvan Goldman, an American supermarket owner, invented the

11、shopping trolley (購(gòu)物車(chē)) in the 1930s.The word “_” can best describe Goldman.A. funny B. honest C. creative D. friendly【解析】根據(jù)文中信息中的invented這個(gè)詞，我們就可以推斷出，Goldman是個(gè)有創(chuàng)新精神的人，故選C。3. 運(yùn)用已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷或常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷有些文章具有一定的背景知識(shí)。因此解答此類(lèi)文章的題目，除了把握相關(guān)文段的細(xì)節(jié)外，還應(yīng)注意充分運(yùn)用自己的常識(shí)，結(jié)合題目去分析推理?！纠?】Cause and effect is one way to explain t

12、hings that happen around us. Many thing happen because something caused or influenced them to happen.Which of the following is cause and effect?A. Tony got up and had a glass of water.B. We came home and found him sleeping.C. The ball was lost and a window was broken.D. Tim was late again and his te

13、acher got angry.【解析】我們根據(jù)常識(shí)即可知因果關(guān)系（cause and effect），故本題答案選D?！纠?】Now some people may think Im a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. What can we learn abou

14、t the author? A. She rarely misses a good deal.B. She seldom makes a compromise.C. She is very strict with her children.D. She is interested in cheap products.解析：根據(jù)文中第三段可知，作為一名一流的討價(jià)還價(jià)高手，作者知道每一美元的價(jià)值，由此推斷，她幾乎不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)任何一筆能獲利的交易，故選A?！纠?】The Healthy Habits Survey(調(diào)查)shows that only about one third of America

15、n seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice. 59. The text probably comes from _.A. a guide book B. a popular magazine C. a book review D. an official document解析：本文介紹了對(duì)美國(guó)年長(zhǎng)者健康生活習(xí)慣的調(diào)查結(jié)果及專(zhuān)家建議。這是一份調(diào)查報(bào)告，出現(xiàn)的地方最可能是雜志，故選B項(xiàng)。推理判斷題專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練Passage 1According to James, this obsession with

16、 getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick. “Well, if I dont get good grades, I wont be able to afford nice thing

17、s like a car and stuff.”I was quite surprised, because I dont consider myself a pushy parent. But James suggests it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. He points to the Danish system (體制) of education as a better model. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills i

18、s seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.1. What can we infer from the passage?A. Social skills are as important as high grades.B. Interest in grades can shake self-confidence.C. The writer regrets not having studied hard at school.D. The Danish educational

19、system creates very smart students.Passage 2 We were so excited that we all forgot ice-cream was not allowed on the ride.Gloria broke into tears and we all had no idea what to do. Then Murphy, one of the workers, came over. She bent down and told Gloria that she would hold the ice-cream for her and

20、give it to her when she finished the ride. Gloria said, “Promise?” Then she gave Murphy her ice-cream, and she completely enjoyed the ride.Sure enough, as we walked out the exit, there was Glorias new friend with “her” ice-cream. Now you and I both know what happened, because we know that an ice-cre

21、am wont last twenty minutes on a summer afternoon in Florida. Murphy knew what time we would get off the ride; she went to the nearest shop and bought a brand-new ice-cream thirty seconds before we walked out the exit. Gloria said: “Thank you.” But Im sure she thought it was the same ice-cream.2. In

22、 order to keep her promise, Murphy _.A. took Gloria to the nearest shopB. asked her new friend to help GloriaC. helped Gloria get off the rideD. bought a new ice-cream for GloriaPassage 3Kindergarten (幼兒園) is a difficult time for some kids. Its the first time for them to be away from their parents.

23、To make kids love their school, Japanese kindergartens and schools have colorful buses. The buses can easily make children want to take them and then, go to school. Even some parents want to take them, too!3. Children in Japan may easily _ by taking the school bus.A. save timeB. enjoy their schoolC.

24、 play gamesD. do their homeworkPassage 4Have you ever heard someone use the phrase “once in a blue moon”? People use this expression to describe something that they do not do very often. For example, someone might say that he tries to avoid eating sweets because they are unhealthy, but will eat choc

25、olate “once in a blue moon”. Or someone who does not usually like to go to the beach might say: “I visit the shore once in a blue moon.” While many people use this phrase, not everyone knows the meaning behind it.4. Which of the following would be a good example of using the phrase “once in a blue m

26、oon”?A. Simon often tells jokes. Simon tells jokes once in a blue moon.B. Tom rarely remembers to do exercise. Tom does exercise once in a blue moon.C. Mary likes to go shopping every weekend. Mary goes shopping once in a blue moon.D. Cindy hates to stay up late, but she stays up late every day. Cin

27、dy stays up late once in a blue moon.Passage 5The two main factors (因素) that influence peoples choice of location are climate and resources. Climate is the usual weather conditions in a region. Areas that have bad weather are generally less ideal as places to live in. The north and south poles at th

28、e top and bottom of the Earth may be beautiful in their rugged, natural way, but the disadvantage of the bitterly cold and windy conditions usually keeps people way. Speaking of climate, warm conditions and a normal amount of rainfall are advantages that attract people.Natural resources are things t

29、hat we get from nature that help us survive. Each region offers different resources, and therefore attracts different groups of people. People who enjoy the beach can make their living by catching and selling the oceans many fish and other sea creatures. Those who prefer farming can take advantage o

30、f rich soil in valleys near rivers. Some people are willing to accept the disadvantages of the terrible conditions of deserts or mountains in order to take advantage of the resources like oil or woods.5. Why do people go and live in valleys near rivers?A. The temperature isnt too low in winter.B. Th

31、e resources like oil can bring them much money.C. People can make their living by catching and selling fish.D. Its easier for people to grow plants and keep animals.6. The purpose of the example in the last paragraph is to tell us _.A. people cannot survive in cold conditionsB. different resources a

32、ttract different groups of peopleC. people usually prefer living at the seaside to living on the mountainsD. a normal amount of rainfall is necessary for people to live in the desertPassage 6Research has shown that it is difficult to concentrate on driving and talking at the same time. It can even b

33、e more dangerous than driving after drinking too much. A recent study found that when drivers were talking on their mobile phones, their stopping times were 30 percent slower than when they had drunk too much and nearly 50 percent slower than when they were driving normally. It also found that drive

34、rs talking on mobile phones were less able to control their cars than drunk drivers.And talking isnt even the most serious problem, texting is. Unbelievably, another recent study reported that 22% of adults admitted they had sent a text message while driving at least once in the past month. An avera

35、ge text message takes 90 seconds to write and send. That means for one and a half minutes a driver is looking at their phones screen and not at the road. The arrival of new smartphones such as the iPhone will only make matters worse as they will allow users to do more things than ever before.7. Acco

36、rding to the passage, if a driver needs 10 seconds to stop when driving normally, they will need _ seconds to stop when talking on a mobile phone.A. 12 B. 13 C. 14 D. 158. According to the passage, in what order do the following activities influence driving? DangerousMore dangerousMost dangerousA. d

37、rinking talking on phone textingB. texting talking on phone drinkingC. talking on phone texting drinkingD. drinking texting talking on phonePassage 7Born in the USA in 1940, Lee returned to his native Hong Kong before his first birthday. As a teenager, the highly intelligent boy was accepted into on

38、e ofHong Kongs most famous middle schools but he paid little attention to his studies. He was more interested in sport, especially kung fu, and hanging out with his street-gang friends. In 1959, Lee got into trouble with the police for fighting. His mother, fearing he would end up in prison, sent hi

39、m to the US. Two years later, he began studying at university there.While still a student, Lee opened his own kung fu school, teaching a new fighting style he had developed. What made Lees style different was that it used power, strength and speed. It also combined (融合) Japanese, Korean and South Am

40、erican fighting styles with traditional slow-moving Chinese kung fu.9. Why was Lee sent to America?A. His parents wanted him to study at university there.B. He wanted to develop a new American fighting style.C. His family feared he was getting into too much trouble in Hong Kong.D. He was determined

41、to become a successful and popular actor there.10. How was Lees style of kung fu different from the traditional Chinese style?A. It was much faster.B. It was easier to learn.C. It made people more powerful.D. It was much more dangerous.參考答案：1-5 BDBBD 6-10 BDACA推理判斷題篇章訓(xùn)練The fourth round of heavy smog

42、 that hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory(呼吸的) illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose(提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government. As a representative of the Beijing Mun

43、icipal Peoples Congress，he started an online survey at 9：20 am. Within three hours，more than 25,000 web users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，Chinas Twitter.They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan. The latest round of haze(霧霾) reduced visibility to under

44、500 meters in many parts of the city. The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses，particularly among children and the elderly. Anxious parents and doctors about all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses. Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays，the bad air

45、can easily move indoors. Besides，ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection，so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators(呼吸器).The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious，though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in

46、 winter，unless there is adequate wind to clear it away. Some critics have pointed fingers at Chinas top two oil firms，China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation，saying the companies outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard，highpolluting gas fuel

47、.Meanwhile，concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace. If Pans proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted，netizens say the new law should include items providing for “carfree days” in times of smog，higher standards for vehicle fuel，stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions，and more effective protection for the public.Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the bl