2023初高英語銜接講義第07講-動詞和動詞短語（學(xué)生版+解析版）

1、第07講動詞與情態(tài)動詞動詞和動詞短語一、定義與分類表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞。動詞決定著句子意思的表達(dá)，同時(shí)又決定著句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。1 .根據(jù)動詞在句中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是:實(shí)義動詞、系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞。*說明：很多動詞是兼類詞。如：We are having a meeting.我們正在開會。（have是實(shí)義動詞，意為“舉行、進(jìn)行）He has gone to New York.他已去紐約。（have是助動詞，幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。）2.根據(jù)動詞后是否帶有賓語，可分為及物動詞與不及物動詞兩類（英語縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.）,及物動詞 后帶賓語.，不及物動詞后不帶賓語*說明:

2、同一動詞有時(shí)可用作及物動詞，有時(shí)可用作不及物動詞。如：She can dance and sing,她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動詞，不帶賓語。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動詞，跟many English songs作賓語。） 常見的不及物動詞有：apolopize, appear, arrive, come, go,run, walk, die, fall, flow, happen, rise, stay, sit,lie, stand 等。實(shí)義動詞又可分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞:持續(xù)性動詞（延續(xù)

3、動詞）表示一種可以持續(xù)的行為 過程或狀態(tài)。drink, eat, fly, have, keep, know, lie, live, play, rain, read, run, sing. sleep, smoke, snow, stand. talk, wait, walk, wear, work非延續(xù)性動詞（終止動詞）表示行為或過程是在短暫 瞬間完成的。admit, arrive, begin, borrow, buy, break,close, come, die, fall, go, hit, join, jump, leave, lose, marry, open, put, st

4、art, stop, lay.動詞根據(jù)是否受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，可分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞兩類。如:She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing受主語she的限制,故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。）She wants to learn English well她想學(xué)好英語。（to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動詞。）*說明：英語中共有三種非謂語動詞：動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞，.根據(jù)動詞的組成形式，可分為三類，分別是:單字詞、短語動詞、動詞短語。如:.The English language contains many phrasal verbs a

5、nd verbal phrases.英語里有許多短語動詞和動詞短語。 （contains是單字動詞。）.must have done意為“（過去）一定做過“，只用于肯定句。eg： It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹?cant have done意為“(過去)不可能做過“eg： Mr smith cant have have gone to Beijing, for T saw him in the library just now.should/ought to have done ”本該

6、做某事而實(shí)際上未做”；should not have done/ ought not have done 表示“不該做某事反而做 了“。eg: Look, Mary is crying. I should*nt /oughtnt have spoken to her so rudely.6.needn9t have done ”本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了eg: I got up early, but I neednt have done so, because I had no work to do that morning.我起床起得很早，但我本來不必起那么早的，因?yàn)槲夷翘煸缟蠜]什么事做。

7、檢測訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)I .選詞填空Must I finish the task right now?一 No, you.(dont have to/mustnt)Its so near. we have taken a taxi.CshouldnVcant)You have spent so much time playing computer games.(mustnt/oughtn1( to)Shall I leave the room so that you two can talk?一No, you.(mustnt/neednt)He have missed the train; he a

8、rrived atthe train station two hours earlier.(can,t/mustn,t)You start at once if you want to catch the bus.(have to/ought to)They stay in the office last night because of the snowstorm.(had to/must)We have helped him; in that case, he would have been able to finish the work.(should/can)He finished a

9、ll the work himself; in fact, he have asked his friends for help.(need/could)Something terrible have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.(have to/must)能力提升Text 1(2022.河北石家莊市第二十四中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞) 或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Daisy was a little girl 1 had alway

10、s longed to help endangered species of wildlife. One day she woke up and found a 2 (fly) carpet by her bed. It took her to a distant land where Daisy can find the animals that were in 3 (dangerous ). The carpet travelled 4 fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe. Daisy turned around and found th

11、at she 5 (watch) by an elephant. Have you come to take my photo?, it asked.6 relief Daisy burst into 7 (laugh). Dont laugh J said the elephant, “We used to be an endangered species. Farmers 8 (hunt) us without mercy. They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the large

12、tour companies. So the government decided 9 (help). They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers. Now the farmers are happy and our numbers10(increase). So good things are being done here to save local wildlife79Text 2(2020.浙江麗水外國語實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校高一開學(xué)考試)閱讀下面材料、在空白處填入適當(dāng)

13、的內(nèi)容(1個單詞)或 括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China, once famous for four inventions in ancient times, has once again showed its ability 11 (change) the world with itsnew four great inventions： electronic payments, shared bicycles, high-speed railways and online shopping.With electronic payments, people can buy and eat 12

14、they want simply with a tap of their phones. Electronic payments are so convenient that they are really popular with folks. Even pancake sellers are found13(use) Alipay. The bikes themselves are not new, 14 the operating model of bike-sharing isinnovative. Chinese companies have surprised the world

15、with the business model of bike-sharing which 15 (include) high technologies, and are entering overseas markets such as Singapore and Britain. The launch of high-speed trains has a 16 (big) influence on peoples choice of traveling than expected. The newly launched Fuxing Hao can travel at an 17(amaz

16、e) speed of 300 km/h, making the 1, 318km journey infive and three-quarter hours. China also takes the lead in online shopping with various e-commerce platforms.the 11. 11 shopping day in 2018, sales hit 10 billion yuan in the first 2 minutes after midnight and(reach) 213. 5 billion by the end of th

17、e day.Thanks to the large amounts of capital (資金)China has invested in encouraging inmovation (倉新),Chinahas entered 20 new innovative time.真題初體驗(yàn)(2021浙江卷)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield,

18、 Illinois, 36(prove ) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored (彳修復(fù))to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln*s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it37$ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their38(marry) ceremony in 184

19、2.When the house was built, it was much 39(small) than it is today. Marys niece wrote, MThe little home40 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 41(she) , everything in good taste and in perfect order.Although Mary loved flow

20、ers, 42 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Marys sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 43 (plant) flowers in the front yard.44 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet

21、the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 45(sell) most of their furniture.(2020山東卷)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, p

22、ostcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,

23、for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places

24、 and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can playwith computer simulations (模擬)and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or43 (walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking settlement is recreated, and people experien

25、ce the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45 peoples spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.(2018全國H卷)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)

26、的單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61( grow) morecorn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 63 (actual) b

27、ehind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for coms rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化月巴)runoff. This switch has dec

28、reased 66 (pollute) in the country*s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 68 (star

29、t) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70(feed) its citizens offers useful les

30、sons for agriculture and food policy makers worldwide.* says the bank*s Juergen Vbegele.第07講動詞與情態(tài)動詞動詞和動詞短語一、定義與分類表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞。動詞決定著句子意思的表達(dá)，同時(shí)又決定著句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。1 .根據(jù)動詞在句中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是:實(shí)義動詞、系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞。*說明：很多動詞是兼類詞。如：We are having a meeting.我們正在開會。（have是實(shí)義動詞，意為“舉行、進(jìn)行）He has gone to New York.他已去紐約。（have是

31、助動詞，幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。）2.根據(jù)動詞后是否帶有賓語，可分為及物動詞與不及物動詞兩類（英語縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.）,及物動詞 后帶賓語.，不及物動詞后不帶賓語*說明:同一動詞有時(shí)可用作及物動詞，有時(shí)可用作不及物動詞。如：She can dance and sing,她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動詞，不帶賓語。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動詞，跟many English songs作賓語。） 常見的不及物動詞有：apolopize, appear, arrive, come, go,run, w

32、alk, die, fall, flow, happen, rise, stay, sit,lie, stand 等。實(shí)義動詞又可分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞:持續(xù)性動詞（延續(xù)動詞）表示一種可以持續(xù)的行為 過程或狀態(tài)。drink, eat, fly, have, keep, know, lie, live, play, rain, read, run, sing. sleep, smoke, snow, stand. talk, wait, walk, wear, work非延續(xù)性動詞（終止動詞）表示行為或過程是在短暫 瞬間完成的。admit, arrive, begin, borrow, b

33、uy, break,close, come, die, fall, go, hit, join, jump, leave, lose, marry, open, put, start, stop, lay.動詞根據(jù)是否受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，可分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞兩類。如:She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing受主語she的限制,故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。）She wants to learn English well她想學(xué)好英語。（to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動詞。）*說明：英語中共有三種非謂語動詞：動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞，

34、.根據(jù)動詞的組成形式，可分為三類，分別是:單字詞、短語動詞、動詞短語。如:.The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases,英語里有許多短語動詞和動詞短語。（contains是單字動詞。）Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.學(xué)生們學(xué)會查字典。（lookup 是短語動詞。）The young ought to take care of the okL年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。（take care of 是動詞短語。）.動詞有五種基本形式

35、:原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、過去分詞、-ing形式。如：looklookslooked-lookedlookingnotice-noticesinoticednoticed-noticing二、系動詞系動詞亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb）,作為系動詞，它本身有詞義但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱 補(bǔ)語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等?！闭f明：有些系動詞又是實(shí)義動詞，該動詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語。如:.He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（fell是系動詞，后跟表語ill,說明主語情況。He fell off the ladder,他從梯

36、子上摔下來。（fell是實(shí)義動詞，單獨(dú)作謂語。.狀態(tài)系動詞：用來陳述事實(shí)，表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be 一詞。如:He is a teacher.（is與表語一起說明主語的 身份。）She was unhappy yesterday.（was 與表語 unhappy 一起說明主語的狀態(tài)。）.持續(xù)系動詞:用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度。主要有:keep, stay, remain, lie, stand, hold, rest, continueo 如:He always kept silent at meeting.This matter rests a mystery.表像系動詞，表示“看起

37、來像，W：seem, appear, look等。如：He looks tired.He seems （to be）very sad.感官系動詞,感官系動詞主要有l(wèi)ook, feel, smell, sound, tasteo如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.變化系動詞，這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。 如：He became mad after that.She grew rich within a

38、 short time.It is getting hotter.終止系動詞，表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out,表達(dá)“證實(shí)”，“變成”“最終說明”之意。如: The rumor proved false-The search proved difficult.His plan tuned out a success.（turnout 表終止性結(jié)果）【注意】.有些連系動詞與形容詞的搭配較為固定，如:come true（變成現(xiàn)實(shí)），draw near（臨近），fall asleep（入睡），fall ill（生病），go bad（變質(zhì)），go mad（發(fā)瘋），go hung

39、ry（挨餓）,go wrong（出毛病）,get lost（迷路）,get ready（準(zhǔn)備 好），keep calm（保持冷靜），keep clean and tidy（保持整潔）make certain（確認(rèn)），make sure（確信），run dry（干枯）， stand firm（不讓步），stand still（站著不動）If you come clean about what happened, I will promise to keep it to myself.發(fā)生了 什么事你都告訴我，我保證不 會對別人講的。The prediction is coming true.So

40、mething went wrong with the computer.The charges of water and electricity will fall due tomorrow; don*t forget to pay it.水電費(fèi)到明天就到期了，別忘記 交。. seem,叩pear, prove, turn out,等連系動詞后可接to be,也可不接（to be）后如果是名詞且無形容詞修飾, to be常不?。?。She seemed （to be）an honest woman-She seemed to be a nurse.-She appears （to be） as

41、leep.The party turned out （to be）very successful.三、助動詞.協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞的詞叫助動詞。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞。助動詞自身無詞義，不可單獨(dú)使 用。如：He doesn*t like English.（doesn*t是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞，有詞義）.動完成下功用（1）表示時(shí)態(tài)。如：He is singing.（構(gòu)成正在進(jìn)行時(shí)）He has got married.（構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）（2）表示語態(tài)。如：He was sent to England.構(gòu)成疑問句。如：Do you like college life?Did y

42、ou study English before you came here?(4)與not合用，構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句。如:I dont like him.(5)加強(qiáng)語氣。如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening-He did know that.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 等。.助動詞的用法：助動詞be的用法構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):be +現(xiàn)在分詞。如:They are having a meeting.English is becoming more and more important.構(gòu)成被動語態(tài):

43、be +過去分詞。如:The window was broken by Tom.English is taught throughout the world.be+動詞不定式，可表示以下內(nèi)容：a.表示最近、未來的計(jì)劃或安排。如：He is to go to New York next week.We are to teach the freshmen.*說明：這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)法。但其表達(dá)了決心和不可更改之意。b.表示命令、安排等。如：You are to explain this.He is to come to the office this afternoon.d.征求

44、意見。如：How am I to answer him? Who is to go there?e.表示相約、商定。如：We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning .f.表示“注定會如：Tom is too careless, so he is to fail.Tom 太粗心了,所以他注定會失敗。(2)助動詞have的用法構(gòu)成完成0寸態(tài)：have +過去分詞。如:He has left for London.By the end of last month they had finished half of their

45、 work 到上個月底，他們已經(jīng)完成了 半數(shù)工作。構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí):have+been + 現(xiàn)在分詞。如:I have been studying English for ten years.構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的完成式:have+been + 過去分詞。如:English has been taught in China for many years.助動do的用法構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：Do you want to pass the CET? Did you study German?do+not構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句。如：.1 do not want to be criticized,我不想挨批評。He does

46、n*t like to study.In the past, many students did not know the importance of English 過去，很多學(xué)生不知道英語的重要性。構(gòu)成否認(rèn)祈使句。n?Don*t go there.Dont be so absent-minded*說明：構(gòu)成否認(rèn)祈使句只用do,不用did和does放在動詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動詞的語氣。如：Do come to my birthday party.一定要來我的生日派對。I did go there.我確實(shí)去過那兒。I do miss you.我真的想你。用于倒裝句。如：Never did I he

47、ar of such a thing.我從未聽說過這樣的事情。Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English 只有當(dāng)開始我們的大學(xué)生活，我們 才意識到英語的重要性。*說明：引起此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom,hardly,rarely, scarcely, little, only so, well 等。用作代動詞。例如：Do you like Beijing?Yes, I do.（do 作代動詞,代替 like Beijing.）（5）助動詞shall和will的用法。Sha

48、ll/will作助動詞可與動詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)。如:,I shall study harder at English.-He will go to Shanghai.*說明：在過去的語法中，助動詞時(shí)shall用于第一人稱，will只用于第二、第三人稱?，F(xiàn)在，尤其在口語 中，will常用于第一人稱，但作助動詞時(shí)shall只用于第一人稱，假設(shè)用于第二、第三人稱就是情態(tài)動詞，試 比擬：He shall come.他必須來。（shall有命令的意味。）He will come他要來。（will與動詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)。）(5)助動should, would的用法should無詞義，只是shall的過

49、去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)，只用于第一人稱。如：I tel叩honed him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.昨天我給他打 問我卜周做什么。比擬:“What shall I do next week?nI asked.(shall 變成間接引語時(shí)，變成 shouldo )would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)，用于第二、第三人稱。如：He said he would come.比擬:T will go,n he said.(w川變成間接引語H寸，變成了 He said he would come w川變

50、成would go變成come。)情態(tài)動詞定義：表示說話人的態(tài)度和語氣的動詞，本身有一定的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，和后面的動詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂 語。情態(tài)動詞包括：can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to 等。特點(diǎn)：.各個情態(tài)動詞自身都有一定的詞義。.情態(tài)動詞不能在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語。.情態(tài)動詞在句中不受任何人稱，性，數(shù)變化的影響。.情態(tài)動詞后接的不定式(除。ught外)都不帶to,即接動詞原形。一、can 和 could.“能

51、夠”,表示能力(體力、知識、技能)can的過去式是could。To our surprise, she can drive a car but cant ride a bicycle.He could speak several languages when he was young.“能夠”，表示建議或請求他人許可。-Can I go now?-Yes, you can. / No, you cant.此時(shí)可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could, might代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能用于肯 定句和答語中。-Could I come to see you tomorrow?-Y

52、es, you can. ( No, Tm afraid not.)3,表示推測(驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度)，用于疑問句、否認(rèn)句和感嘆句中。Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.學(xué)生們學(xué)會查字典。（lookup 是短語動詞。）The young ought to take care of the okL年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。（take care of 是動詞短語。）5.動詞有五種基本形式:原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、過去分詞、-ing形式。如：looklookslooked-lookedlookingnotice-

53、noticesinoticednoticed-noticing二、系動詞系動詞亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb）,作為系動詞，它本身有詞義但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱 補(bǔ)語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等?！闭f明：有些系動詞又是實(shí)義動詞，該動詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語。如:.He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（fell是系動詞，后跟表語ill,說明主語情況。He fell off the ladder,他從梯子上摔下來。（fell是實(shí)義動詞，單獨(dú)作謂語。.狀態(tài)系動詞：用來陳述事實(shí)，表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be 一詞。如:He is a teach

54、er.（is與表語一起說明主語的 身份。）She was unhappy yesterday.（was 與表語 unhappy 一起說明主語的狀態(tài)。）.持續(xù)系動詞:用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度。主要有:keep, stay, remain, lie, stand, hold, rest, continueo 如:He always kept silent at meeting.This matter rests a mystery.表像系動詞，表示“看起來像，W：seem, appear, look等。如：He looks tired.He seems （to be）very sad.

55、感官系動詞,感官系動詞主要有l(wèi)ook, feel, smell, sound, tasteo如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.變化系動詞，這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。 如：He became mad after that.She grew rich within a short time.It is getting hotter.He cant be sleeping now, fbr the l

56、ight is on.Can this be true?.can be +形容詞，表示“有時(shí)會”It can be as hot as 40 in my hometown in summer.be able to通常表示能做并且已經(jīng)做了的事，can/could僅表示能力。如：I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank.I could lift the heavy box.二、may/might1 .表示請求和允許。might比may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否認(rèn)回答時(shí)可用can*或mustnt表示“不 可以，禁止”。Might/ May

57、I smoke in this room?- No, you mustnt.Might I ask a question?2,表示可能性。might的可能性較小。The phone is ringing. It may be Tom. He said he would phone me.It might be true.Your mother may /might not know the truth.用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!.may/might as well ”不妨，最好”I am too busy now. You may as well ask him f

58、or help.我現(xiàn)在太忙了，你不妨去求助于他。三、shall/should/ought toshall的用法Lshall用于一、三人稱，表示征求對方的意見。Shall we go to the cinema tonight?今晚去看電影好不好？2.shall用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅、。1）, You shall fail if you dont work hard.（警告）. He shall have the book when I finish it.（允諾）. He shall be punished.（威脅、） should的用法.“應(yīng)該”表示建議或

59、勸告 You should give up smoking.應(yīng)該”表示推測 Ifs too late. He should be sleeping now.表示一種驚訝語氣，譯為“竟然，居然”I am so shocked that he should talk to his parents like that.他竟然那樣對父母講話，太讓我震驚 了。ought to表示“應(yīng)該”，更強(qiáng)調(diào)一種責(zé)任或義務(wù)We students ought to offer our seats to the old when taking a bus.在公四、will/would1）表示請求、建議等，would更委婉

60、。Will / Would you pass the dictionary to me, please?2）表示意志、愿望和決心。will never do that again.They asked him if he would go abroad.3） would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，且沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí) 慣”的含義。During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.The wound would not heal.4）表示某種傾向性 Fish will die witho