對會計科目中英文對照的補(bǔ)充與整理

1、國際會計術(shù)語英漢對比（對會計科目中英文對比補(bǔ)充和整理） Account帳戶Accountingsystem會計系統(tǒng)AmericanAccountingAssociation美國會計協(xié)會AmericanInstituteofCPAs美國注冊會計師協(xié)會Audit審計Balancesheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Bookkeepking簿記Cashflowprospects現(xiàn)金流量預(yù)測CertificateinInternalAuditing內(nèi)部審計證書CertificateinManagementAccounting治理會計證書CertificatePublicAccountant注冊會計師Costaccou

2、nting成本會計Externalusers外部使用者Financialaccounting財務(wù)會計FinancialAccountingStandardsBoard財務(wù)會計準(zhǔn)則委員會Financialforecast財務(wù)預(yù)測Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples公認(rèn)會計原則General-purposeinformation通用目的信息GovernmentAccountingOffice政府會計辦公室Incomestatement損益表InstituteofInternalAuditors內(nèi)部審計師協(xié)會InstituteofManagementAccoun

3、tants治理會計師協(xié)會Integrity整合性Internalauditing內(nèi)部審計Internalcontrolstructure內(nèi)部操縱結(jié)構(gòu)InternalRevenueService國內(nèi)收入署Internalusers內(nèi)部使用者M(jìn)anagementaccounting治理會計Returnofinvestment投資回報Returnoninvestment投資酬勞SecuritiesandExchangeCommission證券交易委員會Statementofcashflow現(xiàn)金流量表Statementoffinancialposition財務(wù)狀況表Taxaccounting稅務(wù)會計A

4、ccountingequation會計等式Articulation勾稽關(guān)系A(chǔ)ssets資產(chǎn)Businessentity企業(yè)個體Capitalstock股本Corporation公司Costprinciple成本原則Creditor債權(quán)人Deflation通貨緊縮Disclosure批露Expenses費(fèi)用Financialstatement財務(wù)報表Financialactivities籌資活動Going-concernassumption持續(xù)經(jīng)營假設(shè)Inflation通貨膨漲Investingactivities投資活動Liabilities負(fù)債Negativecashflow負(fù)現(xiàn)金流量Ope

5、ratingactivities經(jīng)營活動Ownersequity所有者權(quán)益Partnership合伙企業(yè)Positivecashflow正現(xiàn)金流量Retainedearning留存利潤Revenue收入Soleproprietorship獨(dú)資企業(yè)Solvency清償能力Stable-dollarassumption穩(wěn)定貨幣假設(shè)Stockholders股東Stockholdersequity股東權(quán)益Windowdressing門面粉飾財會名詞漢英對比表（1）會計與會計理論會計accounting決策人DecisionMaker投資人Investor股東Shareholder債權(quán)人Creditor

6、財務(wù)會計FinancialAccounting治理會計ManagementAccounting成本會計CostAccounting私業(yè)會計PrivateAccounting公眾會計PublicAccounting注冊會計師CPACertifiedPublicAccountant國際會計準(zhǔn)則委員會IASC美國注冊會計師協(xié)會AICPA財務(wù)會計準(zhǔn)則委員會FASB治理會計協(xié)會IMA美國會計學(xué)會AAA稅務(wù)稽核署IRS獨(dú)資企業(yè)Proprietorship合伙人企業(yè)Partnership公司Corporation會計目標(biāo)AccountingObjectives會計假設(shè)AccountingAssumption

7、s會計要素AccountingElements會計原則AccountingPrinciples會計實(shí)務(wù)過程AccountingProcedures財務(wù)報表FinancialStatements財務(wù)分析FinancialAnalysis會計主體假設(shè)Separate-entityAssumption貨幣計量假設(shè)Unit-of-measureAssumption持續(xù)經(jīng)營假設(shè)Continuity（Going-concern）Assumption會計分期假設(shè)Time-periodAssumption資產(chǎn)Asset負(fù)債Liability業(yè)主權(quán)益OwnersEquity收入Revenue費(fèi)用Expense收

8、益Income虧損Loss歷史成本原則CostPrinciple收入實(shí)現(xiàn)原則RevenuePrinciple配比原則MatchingPrinciple全面披露原則Full-disclosure（Reporting）Principle客觀性原則ObjectivePrinciple一致性原則ConsistentPrinciple可比性原則ComparabilityPrinciple重大性原則MaterialityPrinciple穩(wěn)健性原則ConservatismPrinciple權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制AccrualBasis現(xiàn)金收付制CashBasis財務(wù)報告FinancialReport流淌資產(chǎn)Curre

9、ntassets流淌負(fù)債CurrentLiabilities長期負(fù)債Long-termLiabilities投入資本ContributedCapital留存收益RetainedEarning（2）會計循環(huán)會計循環(huán)AccountingProcedure/Cycle會計信息系統(tǒng)AccountinginformationSystem帳戶Ledger會計科目Account會計分錄Journalentry原始憑證SourceDocument日記帳Journal總分類帳GeneralLedger明細(xì)分類帳SubsidiaryLedger試算平衡TrialBalance現(xiàn)金收款日記帳Cashreceiptj

10、ournal現(xiàn)金付款日記帳Cashdisbursementsjournal銷售日記帳SalesJournal購貨日記帳PurchaseJournal一般日記帳GeneralJournal工作底稿Worksheet調(diào)整分錄Adjustingentries結(jié)帳Closingentries（3）現(xiàn)金與應(yīng)收帳款現(xiàn)金Cash銀行存款Cashinbank庫存現(xiàn)金Cashinhand流淌資產(chǎn)Currentassets償債基金Sinkingfund定額備用金Imprestpettycash支票Check（cheque）銀行對帳單Bankstatement銀行存款調(diào)節(jié)表Bankreconciliationsta

11、tement在途存款Outstandingdeposit在途支票O(jiān)utstandingcheck應(yīng)付憑單Voucherspayable應(yīng)收帳款A(yù)ccountreceivable應(yīng)收票據(jù)Notereceivable起運(yùn)點(diǎn)交貨價F.O.Bshippingpoint目的地交貨價F.O.Bdestinationpoint商業(yè)折扣Tradediscount現(xiàn)金折扣Cashdiscount銷售退回及折讓Salesreturnandallowance壞帳費(fèi)用Baddebtexpense備抵法Allowancemethod備抵壞帳Baddebtallowance損益表法Incomestatementappro

12、ach資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表法Balancesheetapproach帳齡分析法Aginganalysismethod直接沖銷法Directwrite-offmethod帶息票據(jù)Interestbearingnote不帶息票據(jù)Non-interestbearingnote出票人Maker受款人Payee本金Principal利息率Interestrate到期日Maturitydate本票Promissorynote貼現(xiàn)Discount背書Endorse拒付費(fèi)Protestfee（4）存貨存貨Inventory商品存貨Merchandiseinventory產(chǎn)成品存貨Finishedgoodsinvento

13、ry在產(chǎn)品存貨Workinprocessinventory原材料存貨Rawmaterialsinventory起運(yùn)地離岸價格F.O.Bshippingpoint目的地抵岸價格F.O.Bdestination寄銷Consignment寄銷人Consignor承銷人Consignee定期盤存Periodicinventory永續(xù)盤存Perpetualinventory購貨Purchase購貨折讓和折扣Purchaseallowanceanddiscounts存貨盈余或短缺Inventoryoveragesandshortages分批認(rèn)定法Specificidentification加權(quán)平均法Wei

14、ghtedaverage先進(jìn)先出法First-in,first-outorFIFO后進(jìn)先出法Lost-in,first-outorLIFO移動平均法Movingaverage成本或市價孰低法LowerofcostormarketorLCM市價Marketvalue重置成本Replacementcost可變現(xiàn)凈值Netrealizablevalue上限Upperlimit下限Lowerlimit毛利法Grossmarginmethod零售價格法Retailmethod成本率Costratio（5）長期投資長期投資Long-terminvestment長期股票投資Investmentonstock

15、s長期債券投資Investmentonbonds成本法Costmethod權(quán)益法Equitymethod合并法Consolidationmethod股利宣布日Declarationdate股權(quán)登記日Dateofrecord除息日Ex-dividenddate付息日Paymentdate債券面值Facevalue,Parvalue債券折價Discountonbonds債券溢價Premiumonbonds票面利率Contractinterestrate,statedrate市場利率Marketinterestratio,Effectiverate一般股CommonStock優(yōu)先股Preferred

16、Stock現(xiàn)金股利Cashdividends股票股利Stockdividends清算股利Liquidatingdividends到期日Maturitydate到期值Maturityvalue直線攤銷法Straight-Linemethodofamortization實(shí)際利息攤銷法Effective-interestmethodofamortization（6）固定資產(chǎn)固定資產(chǎn)PlantassetsorFixedassets原值Originalvalue可能使用年限Expectedusefullife可能殘?nbsp;Estimatedresidualvalue折舊費(fèi)用Depreciatione

17、xpense累計折舊Accumulateddepreciation帳面價值Carryingvalue應(yīng)提折舊成本Depreciationcost凈值Netvalue在建工程Construction-in-process磨損Wearandtear過時Obsolescence直線法Straight-linemethod（SL）工作量法Units-of-productionmethod（UOP）加速折舊法Accelerateddepreciationmethod雙倍余額遞減法Double-decliningbalancemethod（DDB）年數(shù)總和法Sum-of-the-years-digitsm

18、ethod（SYD）以舊換新Tradein經(jīng)營租賃Operatinglease融資租賃Capitallease廉價購買權(quán)Bargainpurchaseoption（BPO）資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表外籌資Off-balance-sheetfinancing最低租賃付款額Minimumleasepayments（7）無形資產(chǎn)無形資產(chǎn)Intangibleassets專利權(quán)Patents商標(biāo)權(quán)Trademarks,Tradenames著作權(quán)Copyrights特許權(quán)或?qū)I權(quán)Franchises商譽(yù)Goodwill開辦費(fèi)Organizationcost租賃權(quán)Leasehold攤銷Amortization（8）流淌負(fù)債

19、負(fù)債Liability流淌負(fù)債Currentliability應(yīng)付帳款A(yù)ccountpayable應(yīng)付票據(jù)Notespayable貼現(xiàn)票據(jù)Discountnotes長期負(fù)債一年內(nèi)到期部分Currentmaturitiesoflong-termliabilities應(yīng)付股利Dividendspayable預(yù)收收益Prepaymentsbycustomers存入保證金Refundabledeposits應(yīng)付費(fèi)用Accrualexpense增值稅valueaddedtax營業(yè)稅Businesstax應(yīng)付所得稅Incometaxpayable應(yīng)付獎金B(yǎng)onusespayable產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量擔(dān)保負(fù)債Esti

20、matedliabilitiesunderproductwarranties贈品和兌換券Premiums,couponsandtradingstamps或有事項(xiàng)Contingency或有負(fù)債Contingent或有損失Losscontingencies或有利得Gaincontingencies永久性差異Permanentdifference時刻性差異Timingdifference應(yīng)付稅款法Taxespayablemethod納稅阻礙會計法Taxeffectaccountingmethod遞延所得稅負(fù)債法Deferredincometaxliabilitymethod（9）長期負(fù)債長期負(fù)債Lo

21、ng-termLiabilities應(yīng)付公司債券Bondspayable有擔(dān)保品的公司債券SecuredBonds抵押公司債券MortgageBonds保證公司債券GuaranteedBonds信用公司債券DebentureBonds一次還本公司債券TermBonds分期還本公司債券SerialBonds可轉(zhuǎn)換公司債券ConvertibleBonds可贖回公司債券CallableBonds可要求公司債券RedeemableBonds記名公司債券RegisteredBonds無記名公司債券CouponBonds一般公司債券OrdinaryBonds收益公司債券IncomeBonds名義利率，票面

22、利率Nominalrate實(shí)際利率Actualrate有效利率Effectiverate溢價Premium折價Discount面值Parvalue直線法Straight-linemethod實(shí)際利率法Effectiveinterestmethod到期直接償付Repaymentatmaturity提早償付Repaymentatadvance償債基金Sinkingfund長期應(yīng)付票據(jù)Long-termnotespayable抵押借款Mortgageloan（10）業(yè)主權(quán)益權(quán)益Equity業(yè)主權(quán)益Ownersequity股東權(quán)益Stockholdersequity投入資本Contributedcap

23、ital繳入資本Paid-incapital股本Capitalstock資本公積Capitalsurplus留存收益Retainedearnings核定股本Authorizedcapitalstock實(shí)收資本Issuedcapitalstock發(fā)行在外股本Outstandingcapitalstock庫藏股Treasurystock一般股Commonstock優(yōu)先股Preferredstock累積優(yōu)先股Cumulativepreferredstock非累積優(yōu)先股Noncumulativepreferredstock完全參加優(yōu)先股Fullyparticipatingpreferredstock部

24、分參加優(yōu)先股Partiallyparticipatingpreferredstock非部分參加優(yōu)先股Nonpartiallyparticipatingpreferredstock現(xiàn)金發(fā)行Issuanceforcash非現(xiàn)金發(fā)行Issuancefornoncashconsideration股票的合并發(fā)行Lump-sumsalesofstock發(fā)行成本Issuancecost成本法Costmethod面值法Parvaluemethod捐贈資本Donatedcapital盈余分配Distributionofearnings股利Dividend股利政策Dividendpolicy宣布日Dateofde

25、claration股權(quán)登記日Dateofrecord除息日Ex-dividenddate股利支付日Dateofpayment現(xiàn)金股利Cashdividend股票股利Stockdividend撥款appropriation（11）財務(wù)報表財務(wù)報表FinancialStatement資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表BalanceSheet收益表IncomeStatement帳戶式AccountForm報告式ReportForm編制（報表）Prepare工作底稿Worksheet多步式Multi-step單步式Single-step（12）財務(wù)狀況變動表財務(wù)狀況變動表中的現(xiàn)金基礎(chǔ)SCFP.CashBasis（現(xiàn)金流量表）

26、財務(wù)狀況變動表中的營運(yùn)資金基礎(chǔ)SCFP.WorkingCapitalBasis（資金來源與運(yùn)用表）營運(yùn)資金WorkingCapital全部資源概念A(yù)ll-resourcesconcept直接:)業(yè)務(wù)Directexchanges正常營業(yè)活動Normaloperatingactivities財務(wù)活動Financingactivities投資活動Investingactivities（13）財務(wù)報表分析財務(wù)報表分析Analysisoffinancialstatements比較財務(wù)報表Comparativefinancialstatements趨勢百分比Trendpercentage比率Ratios一般股每股收益Earningspershareofcommonstock股利收益率Dividendyieldratio價益比Price-earningsratio一般股每股帳面價值Bookvaluepershareofcommonstock資本酬勞率Returnoninvestment總資產(chǎn)酬勞率Returnontotalasset債券收益率Yieldrateonbonds已獲利息倍數(shù)Numberoftimesinterestearned債券比率Debtratio優(yōu)先股收益率Yieldrateonpreferredstock營運(yùn)資本W(wǎng)ork