商務(wù)英語翻譯實務(wù)完整版教學(xué)ppt課件全套教程

1、翻譯實務(wù)（Translation Practice）Yiwu Industrial & Commercial CollegeJanuary, 2012學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)計劃 第一學(xué)期 課時（理論+實踐） 1. 翻譯導(dǎo)論 6+2 2. 語言對比 2+2 3. 翻譯技巧 4+8 4. 專題一會展翻譯 4+8 5. 專業(yè)實踐 6+2 6. 專題二廣告翻譯 2+4 7. 專題三旅游翻譯 4+8 8. 復(fù)習(xí) 2 學(xué)習(xí)計劃 第二學(xué)期 課時（理論+實踐） 1. 口譯基本理論 2 2. 口譯技巧 1+2 3. 專題四商務(wù)翻譯 2+4 4. 翻譯實踐 3+1 5. 專題五應(yīng)用文翻譯 2 6. 口譯專題一接待口譯 1+

2、2 7. 口譯專題二介紹性口譯 1+2 8. 口譯專題三會談口譯 1+2 9. 口譯測試 110. 復(fù)習(xí) 1成績評定出勤問答作業(yè)實踐期末考試學(xué)習(xí)流程教材及主要參考資料梅德明，中級口譯教程，上海外語教育出版社，2003顧雪梁等，應(yīng)用英語翻譯，浙江大學(xué)出版社，2008吳鐘明，英語口譯筆記法實戰(zhàn)指導(dǎo)，武漢大學(xué)出版社，2008徐東風(fēng)等，英語口譯實戰(zhàn)技巧與訓(xùn)練，大連理工大學(xué)出版社，2003李長栓，漢英口譯入門，外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2000王佐良，翻譯：思考與試筆，外語教學(xué)與研究出版社, 1989劉宓慶，文體與翻譯，中國對外翻譯出版公司，1998古今明，英漢翻譯基礎(chǔ)，上海外語教育出版社, 1997陳宏薇

3、，漢英翻譯基礎(chǔ)，上海外語教育出版社，1998郭著章，英漢互譯實用教程，武漢大學(xué)出版社，2001李運興，英漢語篇翻譯，清華大學(xué)出版社，1998譚衛(wèi)國，實用新聞廣告英語，湖南出版社，1994在線翻譯資源1. 金橋詞典2. 百度詞典3. 華譯網(wǎng)翻譯公司4. 奇摩字典5. .hk/Lexis/Lindict/ 林語堂當(dāng)代漢英詞典在線翻譯資源6. http:/index_gb.html 譯典通7. /language_tips/ 中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津8. http:/ 有道詞典9. 海詞10. http:/ 愛詞霸任課教師信息CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION 翻

4、譯導(dǎo)論 2. COMPARISON OF LANGUAGES 語言對比3. METHODS AND SKILLS OF TRANSLATION 翻譯方法技巧4. TRANSLATION FOR EXHIBITIONS 翻譯專題：會展翻譯 5.TRANSLATION OF ADVERTISEMENT 翻譯專題：廣告翻譯6.TRANSLATION OF TOURISM 翻譯專題：旅游翻譯INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION翻譯導(dǎo)論Introduction to translation What is translation？ Why translation？ Criteria f

5、or translation How to be a good translator?Introduction to Translation What is translation?翻譯的定義翻譯的定義 翻譯是運用一種語言把另一種語言所表達的思維內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地重新表達出來的語言活動。（張培基等，1980） 翻譯就是用一種語言把另一種語言中口頭或書面的內(nèi)容重現(xiàn)或再創(chuàng)造出來。（郭著章、李慶生，2004）翻譯的定義 Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closet natural equivalent o

6、f the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. 翻譯就是用接受語復(fù)制出與原語信息最近似的自然等值內(nèi)容首先是從意義上講，其次是從風(fēng)格上講。（Nida and Tader, 1969）翻譯的定義 什么叫翻譯？廣義地說它包括的范圍很廣，甚至可包括語言和非語言符號之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。翻譯是將某一語言活動的言語產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)換到另一語言中去。嚴格地說，翻譯還應(yīng)包括某一語言內(nèi)不同變體間的轉(zhuǎn)換，如將屈原的詩譯成現(xiàn)代詩，將曹植的洛神賦譯成白話文，都應(yīng)屬于翻譯，因為這類翻譯同樣要克服時空兩方面的困

7、難。（葉子南，2008）語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換甲骨文甲骨文現(xiàn)代字現(xiàn)代字語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換文言文白話文清明時節(jié)雨紛紛，路上行人欲斷魂。借問酒家何處有，牧童遙指杏花村。清明節(jié)這天細雨紛紛,路上的行人好像失了魂。向人詢問哪里有酒家,牧童指了指遠處的杏花村。語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換繁體字簡化字語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換方言普通話語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換外星文地球文非語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換密碼情報 非語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換編碼指令 非語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換Emoji 感情 非語言符號的轉(zhuǎn)換網(wǎng)絡(luò)詞 感情 233333333LOL翻譯的本質(zhì) 信息轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯的核心是信息和轉(zhuǎn)換。信息文字文字翻譯信息是翻譯的內(nèi)容，文字是信息的載體翻譯的學(xué)科屬性Strictly speaking,

8、translation is a kind of science because it has a whole set of rules governing it and certain objective laws to go by in the process of translating just as other sciences do.From an artist point of view, translation is also an art, a bilingual art, for in translation, certain skills and technique ar

9、e needed in order to attain clearness of style, and fluency in language. 翻譯的學(xué)科屬性規(guī)律技巧創(chuàng)造戴著手銬腳鐐在跳舞，還要跳得優(yōu)美為何要翻譯？世界上有3000多種語言 使用最廣泛的有十幾種 。不同國家和地區(qū)每天都有大量的政治、經(jīng)濟、外交、科學(xué)、技術(shù)、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、軍事、體育、娛樂等方面的信息要進行交流。準(zhǔn)無誤地利用語言這一工具來圓滿完成信息的交流，使國家乃至整個世界向更高文明發(fā)展，這就是翻譯的目的。翻譯課程的目的就是在掌握漢語和英語這兩種語言的基礎(chǔ)上，學(xué)習(xí)翻譯的各種技巧，結(jié)合不斷的翻譯實踐，提高翻譯水平。翻譯的歷史及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)翻

10、譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一、忠實原作內(nèi)容，不可漏譯、錯譯、任意增減、篡改。二、保持原作風(fēng)格，如時代風(fēng)格、民族風(fēng)格和語言風(fēng)格。忠實譯文語言必須通順易懂，符號語言規(guī)范。通順翻譯的分類譯者素養(yǎng)譯者素養(yǎng)：扎實的語言功底 你要有所弋獲，則必須在學(xué)習(xí)中不斷深入。 If you want to gain anything, you must constantly deepen your studies. 不少人認為“信達雅”是嚴復(fù)的戛戛獨造，并奉之為圭臬。 Many people hold that “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance” is Yan Fus own gre

11、at original creation and regard it as the standard of translation. 譯者素養(yǎng)：扎實的語言功底 blind date apple of love dead president green hand Indian summer pull ones leg 相親番茄美元新手愉快寧靜的晚年開玩笑譯者素養(yǎng)：寬廣的知識面 Know something of everything and everything of something. 通百藝而專一長譯者素養(yǎng)：寬廣的知識面art workcable workcold workwork a m

12、achineMy watch doesnt workThe yeast has begun to workWork工藝品電纜工程冷加工開動機器我的手表不走了開始發(fā)酵了譯者素養(yǎng)：出色的技巧語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換譯者素養(yǎng)：職業(yè)道德語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換譯者素養(yǎng)、政治覺悟高The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent. 敵人殺害了我們一位同志，我們宰了一個特務(wù)。 譯者素養(yǎng)：熟悉并掌握現(xiàn)代技術(shù) 熟悉現(xiàn)代IT技術(shù)，能熟練使用搜索引擎查找資料，會使用電子辭典和翻譯工具，尤其是CAT（computer-assisted translation）技術(shù)輔

13、助翻譯。翻譯的質(zhì)量是關(guān)鍵翻譯的質(zhì)量最為關(guān)鍵小心地滑 Slip carefully限高三米 the limit is high 3 rice陳皮 Chens skin干姜 Fuck The Ginger遠志 Far Ambition小心落水 Carefully falls in the water4.筆記是輔助翻譯對中國的影響 一、漢朝至唐朝佛經(jīng)典籍翻譯 二、清末民初的科學(xué)文學(xué)翻譯佛教典籍翻譯對中國現(xiàn)代語言與文學(xué)的影響 1. 豐富了漢語的詞匯和語言 2. 豐富了漢語的音韻、語法和文體 3. 豐富了中國的文學(xué) 豐富了漢語的詞匯和語言 “緣起” “緣起”在佛教中的定義是“若此有則彼有，若此生則彼生；

14、若此無則彼無，若此滅則彼滅”，表示互存關(guān)系。 “世界” 佛教中對“世界” 的定義是“ 東、南、西、北、東南、西南、東北、西北、上、下為界，過去、未來、現(xiàn)在為世?！?此外還有很多成語也都出自佛教，如因果報應(yīng)、一面之緣、萬劫不復(fù)、一塵不染、借花獻佛、三生有幸等。豐富了漢語的音韻、語法和文體 1. 佛經(jīng)翻譯根據(jù)梵文字母創(chuàng)造了漢字拼音方式 2. 佛經(jīng)翻譯使用大量倒裝句、提問句和解釋句 3. 佛經(jīng)翻譯使用了樸實平易的口語化文體豐富了中國的文學(xué) 魏晉南北朝時期出現(xiàn)了“志怪小說”，如干寶的搜神記 豐富了中國的文學(xué) 西游記是文學(xué)題材受佛經(jīng)翻譯影響的典型代表。胡適認為孫悟空的形象源自印度古詩中的神猴哈努曼。清末

15、民初的翻譯與新文化運動 一、嚴復(fù)根據(jù)進化論與倫理學(xué)Evolution and Ethics 進行編譯，提出“物競天擇” natural selection、“優(yōu)勝劣汰”和 “適者生存” survival of the fittest的觀點。 二、林紓等人的翻譯改變了“唯中國有文學(xué)”的文化優(yōu)越感。 林紓翻譯的作品有黑奴呼吁天錄、伊索寓言、魯濱孫漂流記、塊肉余生述等。清末民初的翻譯與新文化運動 三、翻譯改變了清末民初的社會文化道德觀 （一）愛情小說翻譯有助于打破封建禮教束縛 （二）偵探小說翻譯有助于引進西方的法制觀和人權(quán)觀清末民初的翻譯與新文化運動 （三）科學(xué)小說翻譯有助于破除迷信、增強科學(xué)意識

16、八十日環(huán)游記、地心旅行、海底旅行等 （四）文學(xué)翻譯推動了新文化運動的“白話文革命”翻譯錯誤作業(yè)：1、閱讀教材第一章概論；2、翻譯下列有關(guān)義烏的短語： 中國小商品城義烏國際商貿(mào)城義烏國際商貿(mào)城二期二階段義烏國際物流中心賓王副食品市場篁園市場賓王市場針織市場義烏裝飾城浙中木材市場義烏房地產(chǎn)交易市場義烏汽車交易市場中國小商品數(shù)字城14.義烏家具市場15.中國馳名商標(biāo)16.中國著名商標(biāo)17.中國名牌18.義烏經(jīng)驗19.中國出口商品交易會20.廣交會21.義烏小商品博覽會22.中國國際五金電器博覽會23.中國義烏國際文化產(chǎn)業(yè)博覽會24.義烏消費品出口交易會25.中國義烏國際印刷包裝工業(yè)博覽會26.中國國

17、際框業(yè)博覽會27.中國義烏國際工藝品交易會28.中國玩具、兒童用品及禮品博覽會29.中國飾品節(jié)參考答案1.China Commodities City2.China (Yiwu) International Trade Mart3. the second section of the second phase of Yiwu International Trade Mart4.Yiwu International Logistics Center5.Binwang Non-staple Market6. Huangyuan Market7. Binwang Market8. Knitting

18、Market9. Yiwu Decoration Center10. Zhezhong Wood Market11. Yiwu Real Estate Exchange Market12. Yiwu Automobile Trade Market13. Digital Market of China Commodities City14. Yiwu Furniture Market15.China Well-Known Trademark16.China Famous Trademark17.China Top Brand18.Yiwus experience19. China Export

19、Commodities Fair20. Canton Fair21. China Yiwu International Commodities Fair22. China International Hardware & Electrical Appliance Fair23. China Yiwu International Cultural Industry Trade Fair24. Yiwu Consumer Goods Fair25. China Yiwu International Printing Technology and Equipment Fair26. China In

20、ternational Frame Expo27. China Yiwu International Arts and Crafts Trade Fair28.China (Yiwu) Toy, Childrens Article and Gift Fair29 China Fashion Jewelry FairCOMPARISON OF LANGUAGES語言的對比詞的意義：A、完全對應(yīng) The U.S. State DepartmentThe Pacific OceanTuberculosis Miniskirt 美國國務(wù)院太平洋肺結(jié)核迷你裙 B、部分對應(yīng) 由于英文詞語的多義現(xiàn)象和同形異

21、義現(xiàn)象，大量漢語詞語與它們的英文對應(yīng)詞語之間存在著部分語義對應(yīng)的關(guān)系。 SpringBrownSisterInterest語言的對比春天，泉水棕色，布朗姐，妹興趣，利息C、語義空缺英語中有些詞表示的意義，在漢語中目前還找不到對應(yīng)。漢語中有些詞，英語中也沒有對應(yīng)詞。主要在專有名詞、術(shù)語及文化負載詞。1.音譯法沙發(fā)sofacoffee咖啡T-shirtT恤豆腐Tofu功夫Kungfu茶 Char2.直譯法一國兩制one country two systems三個代表Three RepresentativesThe last straw最后一根稻草The white collar白領(lǐng)3.解釋法兩岸三

22、地The mainland, Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan春聯(lián)Spring festival couplets pasted on the gate or door against the evil spirit on the lunar New Years Eve in ancient times The fight between donkey and elephant美國民主黨和共和黨的競爭4.音譯加解釋法氣功 Qigonga system of deep breathing exercises believed by practitioners to be ef

23、fective to many diseases and discomforts5.直譯加解釋法鐵飯碗 iron rice bowla job that is stable，reliable，and guaranteed for lifeD、一詞多義Heavy“重視”語言的對比Heavy heavy heartheavy newsheavy roadheavy smokerheavy breadheavy trafficheavy seaheavy fire憂愁的心令人悲痛的消息泥濘的路大煙槍沒有發(fā)酵好的面包擁擠的交通洶涌澎湃的大海猛烈的炮火Attach great importance to

24、Place high importance onConsider it important toGive top priority toValue/treasure/cherishSee great value in/ pay close attention toFully committed toTake seriouslyFollow closelyViewwith grave concern重視一字多義和一字多種搭配在漢語里是相當(dāng)常見的， 漢語中意義和搭配最多的字是“上”：上班 to go to work to be on duty上報 to appear in the newspape

25、rs, to report to a higher authority上場 to appear on the stage上當(dāng) to be taken in 上吊 to hang oneself上燈 to light a lamp上凍 to freezeTranslation Practice上墳上課上年紀上臺上癮 上車Visit a grave to honor the deadHave classGet old/agedAppear on the stageBe addicted toGet on隨函附上一張支票一連上了好幾道菜商品上架我來給門上漆這事已上了電視with a check en

26、closedseveral dishes servedgoods on displaypaint the doorbe publicized on TVTranslation Practice上訪 to apply for an audience with the higher authorities to appeal for help上墳 to visit a grave to honor the memory of the dead上綱 to raise to the higher plane of principle上告 to complain to the higher author

27、ities or appeal to a higher court 上供 to offer up a sacrifice上鉤 to raise to the bait上光 to glaze; to polish上軌道 to get on the right track上火 to get angry上進 to make progress上課 to attend class上口 to be suitable for reading aloudTranslation Practice上路 to set out on a journey上馬 to mount a horse上門 to visit上任

28、to take up an official post上臺 to come to power上膛 (of a gun) to be loaded上相 to come out well in a photograph; to be photogenic上鞋底 to sole a shoe上演 to perform上帳 to make an entry in an account book上陣 to go onto battle這一盤你上 You play this game.ExercisesA給B送禮時，兩人的對話頗有意思。B：“你這是什么意思？”A：“沒什么意思，意思意思?！盉：“你這可就不

29、夠意思了?！?A：“小意思，一點小意思?！?B：“你這人真有意思。 A：“其實也沒有別的意思。” B：“那我就不好意思了?！?A：“是我不好意思?！盇給B送禮時，兩人的對話頗有意思。When A gave B a gift, a very interesting conversation started.B：“你這是什么意思？”B: Whats this for?A：“沒什么意思，意思意思。”A: Its nothing, just a little gift.B：“你這可就不夠意思了?！盉: You really shouldnt have. A：“小意思，一點小意思。” A: Its no

30、thing, really. B：“你這人真有意思。 B: Youre really something, you know. A：“其實也沒有別的意思?！?A: Its for no particular reason, really. B：“那我就不好意思了?！?B: Well, thank you very much. A：“是我不好意思?！?A: It should be me thanking you. Please accept my sincere apologies.He accepts full responsibilities for what happened.He ne

31、ver accept her as his own child.It is generally accepted that people expect success. 接受，接納，負責(zé)任，認為Her quick action saved the childs life.The action takes place in France.This medicine has great action Actions speak louder than words I like films with plenty of actions 效果，故事，行為，動作Dont be afraid to adm

32、it to your mistakes.Two drivers in the car accident were admitted to the hospital nearby. Each ticket admits one child. 準(zhǔn)許進入，承認, 收治We live in an age of rapid science and technology advance.Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance. The prices advance sharply in these years He advanced a theory

33、to explain the climate change 提前，進步，提出，上漲安定的社會安定的心情我需要你的幫助這本書對英語學(xué)習(xí)很有幫助他本來身體很弱這種事本來不該發(fā)生他心情不好，但沒表現(xiàn)出來他在工作中表現(xiàn)良好今天不如昨天暖和我還不如呆在家里不勝感激不勝酒力學(xué)習(xí)材料她不是演戲的材料我走得倉促時間太倉促了她倆長得差不多離開家鄉(xiāng)差不多10年了產(chǎn)生興趣產(chǎn)生矛盾衣服長短很合適不要議論別人長短除了他誰也不知道他除了睡就是吃甲：你的牙好白啊！乙：假的。甲：真的？乙：當(dāng)然是真的。同義詞的褒貶The tricky man cheated the girl into giving him all her m

34、oney. A crafty man has more than one hideout.He is so smart that all the people like him.A bright student solved that problem quickly 聰明；智慧；狡詐；詭計多端She is very thrifty and she can save some money every month.We can only afford economical hotels.Its strange that such a rich man should be so stingy.She

35、 is so miserly that she wont give anything to anyone 吝嗇；摳門；節(jié)儉；經(jīng)濟The girl was pretty and slenderShe keeps slim by doing exercises.That poor man was weak and skinny.Connect the computer with the internet by a thin line. 苗條；勻稱；皮包骨頭；細的 詞的選擇 詞語是構(gòu)成語言的基本材料，正確使用詞語是寫作的最基本技能。用詞要準(zhǔn)確貼切，避免不恰當(dāng)不地道的用詞，所用詞語要符合語境的要求。用

36、詞不當(dāng)一般有以下幾種情況： 1. 誤用他詞 2. 不合習(xí)慣的表達 3. 中式思維的影響 1、誤用他詞Many benefits could be deprived from exhibiting at a show.For visitors, going to an exhibition is an enjoyable, sociable occasion.derive deprivesociable social StationeryStationaryConversationConservation文具用品靜止不動的會話保存，保持搭配錯誤The exhibitors had great f

37、aith and high hope for the organizer.They show great interest to our products. have faith inshow interest in2、未能區(qū)別同義詞和近義詞的差異DiePass awayKick the bucket不合習(xí)慣的表達法The prices of the commodities exhibited this time are not very expensive. The population of Shanghai is much more than that of Sydney. 指出不當(dāng)用詞

38、1.The reason why the exhibition didnt attract many visitors was because the organizers didnt focus efforts on advertising.2. My vocabulary is much more than that of some English-speaking people.Because-that More-larger3. Here comes the car for Hilton Hotel. 4. They have no time to concentrate around

39、 what you say.The shuttle busConcentrate on中式思維的影響中國式英語分為兩種。一種是Chinese English，一種是China English。China English是用中式的語法和英式的詞匯組合成的，指的是中國特有的東西。比如“餃子、功夫、氣功、陰陽”等詞，都用音譯進入了英文詞典。Chinglish(中式英語) 往往把漢語一句句機械地轉(zhuǎn)換成英語，帶有明顯的漢語痕跡，因而不能被以英語為母語者所接受。 中式英語指帶有中文語音、語法、詞匯特色的英語。 Long time no see.Good good study and day day up.

40、People mountain people seaGive them some color to see seeI have no time to hear you.Welcome to have dinner in my restaurant.The rain is big outside.Could you please open the light?When did you first know him?Can you say English?He dated his brother yesterday.Answer my problem, please.1.這個價格挺合適的 The

41、price is very suitable for me. The price is right/good. suitable(合適的、相配的)最常見的用法是以否定的形式出現(xiàn)在告示或通知上，如：The following programme is not suitable for children.（下列節(jié)目兒童不宜。） 2.明天我有事情要做 I have something to do tomorrow。 I am tied up all day tomorrow。用I have something to do來表示很忙，這也完全是中國式的說法。因為每時每刻我們都有事情要做，躺在那里睡大覺

42、也是事情。所以可以說我很忙，脫不開身：Im tied up，還有其它的說法：I cant make it at that time. Id love to, but I cant, I have to stay at home。 3. 鑰匙就在你眼皮底下 The key is right under your eye. The key is right under your nose. 在漢語中，我們常用眼睛來表示方位和環(huán)境，如眼前、眼下。而英文中under ones nose 表示在眼前、面前。 4. 你該吃藥啦You should eat the medicineYou should ta

43、ke the medicine.Eat, have, take都有表示吃的意思5. 幾天后，這個戰(zhàn)士終于醒了Several days later, this soldier woke up finally.Several days later, this soldier came back to life finally.6. 街上空蕩蕩的The street is emptyThe street is clear.7.她獨自一人住在公寓She lived lonely in an apartmentShe lived alone in an apartment8.我想我不行。I think

44、I cant。I dont think I can 漢語里說“我想我不會”的時候，英語里面總是說“我不認為我會”。以后在說類似的英語句子的時候，只要留心，也會習(xí)慣英語的表達習(xí)慣的。Didnt you receive the letter?Yes, I received it. No, I didnt receive it.作業(yè)1. 在中國，很多父母都望子成龍 In China, many parents long to see their children be dragons someday.2. 他揮金如土 He spends money like dirt.3. 如果你要保持健康，就要抵

45、制垃圾食品 If you want to keep healthy, you need to resist rubbish food.4. 我的腿很疼 I am painful in the legs.5. 他從來分不清東西南北 He can never identify east from west.6. 這菜有味道了，倒了吧 The dish has taste. Dump it.7. 我已經(jīng)看穿了你的為人 I have already looked through you.8. 他總是笨手笨腳的 He is stupid in his hands and feet 9. 她坐在教室前面

46、She sits in front of the classroom10.他很難戒煙 He is difficult to give up smoking11. 曠課看球賽是不行的 Missing school to watch the football match is out of question12. 我收到了他的邀請 I accepted his invitation13. 這張照片讓我想起童年時光 This picture made me remember my childhood.14. 如果你方便的話，我們討論一下工作 If you are convenient, lets t

47、alk about the work15. 人與自然應(yīng)和諧相處 Man should live at peace with nature詞的選擇 “情況”在這種情況下under these /such circumstances such being the case in accordance with this specific condition這種情況必須改變This state of affairs must change.現(xiàn)在情況不同了Now things are different.他們的情況怎么樣？How do matters stand with them?前線有什么情況?H

48、ow is the situation at the front?前面有情況，做好戰(zhàn)斗準(zhǔn)備。Theres enemy activity ahead. Prepare for combat.可是在這種地方，情況卻完全兩樣了。But the picture outside this place is quite another story.我們可能去那兒，那得看情況而定。We may go there, but that depends.詞的搭配：定語和中心詞的搭配濃茶strong tea濃墨thick or dark ink濃煙dense smoke濃重的口音strong accent濃眉毛th

49、ick/heavy eyebrows青天blue sky青山green hill青云Official position輕風(fēng)輕傷輕聲大師大熊貓大哥詞的增補接到你的來信，非常高興。I was very glad to have received your letter.她用手蒙住臉，好象是為了保護眼睛。She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes.請原諒，打斷你一下。Excuse me for interrupting you.虛心使人進步，驕傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,

50、whereas conceit makes one lag behind.男女老少都參加了戰(zhàn)斗。Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.你是白天工作還是夜間工作？Do you work in the daytime or at night?我們對問題要做全面的分析，才能解決得妥當(dāng)。We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.詞的省略原文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語：生也好 死也好， 我們要忠于黨，忠于人民，忠于祖國

51、。Live or die, we should be loyal to our Party, to our people and to our motherland. 我們說，長征是歷史記錄上的第一次，長征是宣言書，長征是宣傳隊，長征是播種機。We answer that the Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history, that it is a manifesto, a propaganda force, a seeding-machine.句子翻譯的多樣性你的眼睛長哪兒去了？Havent you got ey

52、es?Are you so blind?Are you such a blind man?Youre really stone-blind!How blind you are!As blind as a bat!What a blind man!A sightless guy! 根據(jù)字面意義翻譯Why are you so rash?How can you be so reckless?My goodness! Be careful!Would you please be more careful? 這幾個譯文符合地道的英語 漢語中的典故、諺語和在一定歷史、政治條件下形成的某些名詞、術(shù)語和簡化

53、說法，在英語中要添加一點解釋班門弄斧Show off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 五講四美三熱愛 the movement of five stresses, four points of beauty and three loves“ (The five stresses are: stress on decorum, manners, hygiene, discipline and morals. The four points of beauty are: beauty of the

54、mind, language, behavior and the environment. The three loves are: love of the motherland, socialism and the Communist Party.)三個代表 three represents theory (the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of Chinas advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of

55、Chinas advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)表示范疇的詞和可能影響譯文修辭效果的詞語在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下， 中國人民已經(jīng)完成了解放事業(yè)。Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation.義烏人民友善、勤勞、誠信、包容的品格給他們留下了深刻的印象The friendliness, hardworking, h

56、onesty and tolerance of the people in this city impress them deeply.花園里面是人間的樂園， 有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的綾羅綢緞，花不完的金銀財寶。The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent. 翻譯方法及翻譯技巧翻譯方法 methods of translation 1.直譯 (技巧) literal translation2.

57、意譯 (技巧) free translation 3.異化 (策略) alienation 4.歸化 (策略) domestication 1. 直譯（literal translation） 指在翻譯過程中按原文逐字逐句一對一的翻譯。人們關(guān)心的是語言層面的技術(shù)處理問題，即如何在保持原語形式的同時，不讓其意義失真。e.g. one country, two systems 一國兩制The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流 to fish in troubled waterto add fuel to the fire a

58、gentlemans agreementpaper tigerBlood is thicker than water.crocodiles tearsIn-class practice渾水摸魚火上加油君子協(xié)定紙老虎血濃于水鱷魚的眼淚Exercises1. Hes a wolf in sheeps clothing 披著羊皮的狼2. Walls have ears 隔墻有耳 2. 意譯（free translation） 是指根據(jù)原文的大意來翻譯,不作逐字逐句的翻譯(區(qū)別于“直譯”)。意譯主要在原語與譯語體現(xiàn)巨大文化差異的情況下得以應(yīng)用。從跨文化語言交際和文化交流的角度來看，意譯強調(diào)的是譯語文化

59、體系和原語文化體系的相對獨立性。e.g.Dont cross the bridge till you get to it. 直譯：到了橋邊才能過橋。 意譯：不必過早地擔(dān)心。Dont lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.直譯：不要等馬被盜后，才去鎖馬廄門。意譯：未雨綢繆，防患于未然1) Adams apple2) biological parents 3) It rains cats and dogs (elephants and whales). 4) Will a duck swim? 5) Do you see any

60、green in my eye? 6) a nuclear family 7) Justice has long arms. 8) Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.9) They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them.In-class practice 喉結(jié)親生父母大雨滂沱那還用說嗎？你以為我是幼稚可欺的嗎?小家庭天網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏。昨夜我聽見他鼾聲如雷。他們拼命奔逃，連吃奶的力氣都用上了。 直譯和意譯的區(qū)別 1. It s a Smoke Free Area. 直譯: