名詞用法歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)名詞用法歸納 March 16, 2008名詞的分類：名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞。專有名詞: 人名, 地名, 機(jī)構(gòu)等名稱。如：Tom，Shanghai , Beijing University普通名詞: 某類人或東西中的個(gè)體。如：boy, dog, country集體名詞: 若干個(gè)體組成的集合體。如：family, team, police物質(zhì)名詞: 無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如：air, water, food抽象名詞: 動(dòng)作, 狀態(tài), 感情等抽象概念。如：progress

2、, health, fun(注意：普通名詞和集體名詞可數(shù)。物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞不可數(shù)。)名詞的數(shù)：可數(shù)名詞都有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分。1規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則1) 一般情況加 s 。如：books, mouths, houses 2) 以 s , sh , ch , x結(jié)尾的加 es。如：classes , boxes, matches (但stomachs)3) 輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的變 y為 ies。如：cities, countries, parties 4) 以 o 結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù) + es。如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes, zeroes / zeros 以 o 結(jié)

3、尾并且詞尾有兩個(gè)元音字母 +s。如：radios, zoos, bamboos (但pianos , kilos，photos)5) 以f， fe 結(jié)尾的多數(shù) + es。如：leaves , lives ,wolvesThe thiefs wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life. 但：也有一些 + s。 如：roofs , proofs, gulfs, beliefs(handkerchiefs / handkerchieves)6）特殊變化的名詞。foot- feet tooth- te

4、eth goose-geese ox-oxen child- children mouse-mice man / woman- men / women2. 名詞詞尾的讀音規(guī)則在 p t k f等清輔音后讀s。如：cups， cakes，roofs 2) 在s z t等音后讀iz。如：glasses, faces, roses3) 在其他情況下讀作z。如：beds, days, knives4) 以th結(jié)尾的詞原來(lái)讀清輔音， 加詞尾后多數(shù)讀濁輔音。 如： mouthmouths, pathpaths 但也有不變化的，如： monthmonths, ninthninths, youthyouths

5、(但houses)3. 不規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則1) manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, childchildren, mousemice, goose-geese, ox-oxen2) 單復(fù)數(shù)相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works, fish等。如表示不同種類的魚(yú)時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)是fishes。如：There are many kinds of fishes in that lake.3) 以man, woman 修飾名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時(shí), 兩個(gè)詞都變化。 man servant men

6、 servants. (但boy / girl students)woman doctor women doctors.4.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式son-in-law sons-in-law , looker-on lookers-on 主體名詞變化。film-goer film-goers, grown-up grown-ups 沒(méi)有主體名詞,詞尾加復(fù)數(shù)。5.字母,阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般加 s 或 s There are two ls in the word “ all ”.Your 7s and 9s look alike.It happened in the 1960s /1960s.I

7、will not accept your ifs and buts.6. 物質(zhì)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示不同種類。wheats, foods, fruits, vegetables 有時(shí)表示比原文更廣的詞義：woodwoods, waterwaters, sandsands, mannermanners7. 抽象名詞一般不可數(shù)；但是如果表示某一具體的情況，或各種各樣的也有可數(shù)名詞的用法。He jumped with joy.My children are a great joy to me.8. 定冠詞加姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)表示一家人。 the Turners, the Smiths, the

8、 Wangs9. 集體名詞people, police, cattle 總是作復(fù)數(shù)。( people 作民族、種族時(shí), 有單復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式)Many cattle are kept on the farm. Several police were on duty.The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.The English are a funny people.10. 集體名詞class, public, family, population, team, crew, committee 等單復(fù)數(shù)都有，但意義不同。The class is

9、 big.The class are taking notes in English. (前者看作整體，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個(gè)人。)The population in China is larger. 80% of the population in China are peasants. （同上）11. hair， fruit 通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。His hair is grey. They have a rich harvest of fruit almost every year.如果表示若干根頭發(fā)，表示種類的水果時(shí)，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。He had a few white hairs. 他有幾根

10、白發(fā)。Are fruits on sale in this season ? 這個(gè)季節(jié)有水果銷售嗎？12. 以s 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞只作單數(shù)。mathematics , physics, politics, 等。13. glasses， trousers， scissors， shoes， spectacles，等常用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果這些詞前用 a pair of / this pair of/ that pair of等修飾時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由pair 來(lái)決定。Where are my glasses ？My new pair of trousers is too long.Here are some ne

11、w pairs of shoes.14. 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，常考的不可數(shù)名詞有：progress, advice, fun, practice, news, information, knowledge, weather, equipment, furniture, clothing, jewellery, luggage, baggage, food, bread, nature, space如果表示“一個(gè)”的概念，可用單位詞。a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal / eq

12、uipment / furniturea bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap抽象名詞具體化可加不定冠詞，如：a pleasure, a surprise, a help, a success, a failure, a shock, a pity, a shame, a joy, a sorrow, a difficulty, a trouble15. 名詞作定語(yǔ)1）表示用途：a coffee cup 咖啡杯a tobacco company 煙草公司a vegetable garden表示材料：a stone bridge 石橋pa

13、per money 紙幣a diamond necklace 鉆石項(xiàng)鏈3）表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)：winter holiday 寒假morning paper 晨報(bào)city people 市民4) 表示類別：a shoe shop, street lights, seat belts, a telephone number, water pollution 水污染，body temperature 體溫，weight problem 體溫5）表示身份：a woman doctor，a boy student注意：名詞作定語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)： shoe shop，college students，basketb

14、all match但man / woman 隨后邊名詞變化： a woman doctor，two women doctors a man doctor，two men doctors6) 有些只用復(fù)數(shù)做定語(yǔ)a sports meeting， a goods traina sales manager， a customs officer三. 名詞的所有格:有生命的名詞所有格的構(gòu)成一般在詞尾加s： the teachers office, todays newspaper以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加： workers rest homes 工人療養(yǎng)所the masses request 群眾的請(qǐng)求

15、3) 不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加s： childrens toys4) 復(fù)合名詞只在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加 s： my sister-in-laws brother5) 表示共同所有的幾個(gè)名詞，只在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加s： This is Tom, Bob and Dicks room.6) 表示各個(gè)所有關(guān)系的幾個(gè)名詞，在每個(gè)名詞后分別加s at Mr. Greens , at my uncles, at the tailorsJennys, Jeans and Marys rooms face to the south.7) 名詞短語(yǔ)只在最后一個(gè)詞后加 s a quarter of an hours

16、talk, a ten minutes drive, a four days holiday2. 名詞所有格的用法：1) 名詞所有格主要用于表示有生命的名詞，表示所屬關(guān)系。Lei Fengs dairythe Working Peoples Palace of Culture 勞動(dòng)人民文化宮2) 也可用于表示時(shí)間的名詞。todays paper, an hours drive, Fridays work3) 也可用于表示地理、國(guó)家、城市等名詞。the countrys plan, the farms fruit, Chinas population4) 也可用于表示由人組成的集體名詞。our

17、partys stand 我黨的立場(chǎng)5) 也可用于表示度量、價(jià)值的名詞。two dollars worth of books, a pounds weight3. 凡不能用s 屬格的情況, 可用 of 屬格表示所屬關(guān)系。the City of New York, a map of China 特別是下列情況要用of 屬格：1) 當(dāng)名詞有較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如：the name of the girl standing at the gateHave you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday？2)所修飾的名詞前有數(shù)

18、量詞時(shí)，如：a play of Comrade Lis, some friends of my brothers 所修飾的名詞前有一個(gè)指示代詞時(shí)，如：that performance of the teachers 4. 雙重所有格：當(dāng)of前面的名詞有不定冠詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞，如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few, another等修飾時(shí)，用雙重所有格，雙重所有格只用于表示人的名詞并且都是特指的。a poem of Lu Xuns a friend of / mine / his / hers some friends of my brothers Which novel of Dickens are you reading ?5. 幾