高中名詞性從句講解

1、名詞性從句專題概念 ：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此這四種從句被稱為名詞性從句。 主語從句名詞性從句共有四種: 表語從句賓語從句 同位語從句 我們先看幾個(gè)句子：是誰開始先出招沒什么大不了 Who takes the first step is not a big deal.告訴我今天海是什么顏色 Tell me what color the sea is today.告訴我今夜你想要夢什么 Tell me what you want to dream of tonight終于你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)愛情都危險(xiǎn) Finally youll find out that

2、 every love is dangerous.二.知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.主語從句：主語從句在整個(gè)句子中作主語。 引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞有that，whether，if（是否）；連接代詞who，what，which；連接副詞when，where，how，why等。請注意what，過去的高考中考的很多。(1)主語從句中的that不充當(dāng)句子的成分，只是單純的連接詞，通常不省略。分句置于句首時(shí)，that絕對不可以省略。 That the driver could not control his war was obvious. It was obvious that the driver could not co

3、ntrol his car. （2）（參照必修3P 92）為了避免主語顯得過長，可以用it作為句子的主語，把主語從句移到句子的末尾。（英語中有一種美，叫做尾重end-weight）2.表語從句：表語從句出現(xiàn)在系動(dòng)詞后，充當(dāng)表語。 The trouble is that we are short of money. Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 引導(dǎo)表語從句除了上述三類詞外還有because, as if/ as though等等 The reason (why/for which.) is that It/This/That is b

4、ecause 連系動(dòng)詞“appear, look, seem”的兩個(gè)常用句型 It seems/appears that. It looks/seems as if/as though(與事實(shí)相符用陳述語氣，與事實(shí)相反用虛擬語氣) 3. 賓語從句：（that可以省略）及物動(dòng)詞，形容詞和介詞后加賓語從句作其賓語。 賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句相呼應(yīng)，但賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象除外 The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sunI am afraid (that) I have made a mistake.He will hav

5、e to pay for what he has done.當(dāng)賓語從句后帶賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要用“主語+謂語+it +賓補(bǔ)+that+從句, that不可省略 I think it certain that she will do well in her exam. that在賓語從句常可以省略，但由and或 but連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)，僅可以省略第一個(gè)連詞that He said (that) he had eaten nothing and that he wasnt hungry. 注意區(qū)別if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和條件狀語從句 I dont know if he will come. （if是否）

6、If he comes, Ill let you know. （if 如果）4.同位語從句：（that不可省略）對前面的名詞進(jìn)一步說明。用在下列名詞 fact, truth, news, idea, hope, belief, thought, doubt, order, suggestion, word etc.The teacher told us the fact that the earth moves around the sunThere is no doubt that he will come. There is doubt whether he will come.His s

7、uggestion that we (should) go for an outing cheered us up.Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them. that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： 在同位語從句中：that不作成分，不可以省略；在定語從句中：that作成分，且作賓語時(shí)可以省略We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school. 同位語We are interested in the news (that/which)

8、he told us. 定語從句when, where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： 在定語從句中，when, where前有分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的先行詞；而在同位語從句中無此對應(yīng)關(guān)系 They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位語從句) Go and get your coat. Its in the place where you left it. (定語從句) 三注意點(diǎn)：1. 疑問詞whatever/ whoever/ however/whenever等既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而no matter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步

9、狀語從句總體規(guī)律：whatever/whoever等詞的使用范圍比no matter what/who等要廣 No matter what happens, he will not mind. () 讓步狀語從句（用逗號隔開）= Whatever happens, he will not mind. () 讓步狀語從句No matter what you say is very important. ()Whatever you say is very important. () 主語從句（名詞性從句）I believe whatever he says. Whatever he says,

10、I will never believe him. 2.who與 whoever的區(qū)別 who是“誰”的意思，表示具有疑問，whoever相當(dāng)于anyone who“無論誰” Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. Can you tell me who that gentleman is? 6當(dāng)從句缺少主語、賓語或表語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞通常用what。What impressed me most was her excellent performance.What we cant get seems better than

11、 what we have. What seems beneficial to us may be unfavorable for others.7. 注意區(qū)分it that結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)主語從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句 主語從句it指代句中that引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容（通常較長），去掉It is/was, that，句子不成立強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。It is natural that they should have different views. 主語從句It is known to all that the earth is rou

12、nd.主語從句It is only lately that he has had a family himself. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句What was it that he wanted? I dont know what it was that he wanted. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem 強(qiáng)調(diào)句8. 連詞whether和 if有時(shí)可以互換，但注意下列情況總體規(guī)律：whether的使用范圍比if要廣 （1）后面出現(xiàn)or not時(shí)，用whether I want to kno

13、w whether or not they will come. (2 ) 連接詞后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether He doesnt know whether to stay or not. (3 )whether可以防句首，而if不能Whether he will come, I am not sure.It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. ()（if可引導(dǎo)主語從句） If he will leave forBeijingtomorrow is uncertain. ()Whether he will leave forBeijingtomorrow is uncertain. ()(4 ) 表語從句中只能用whetherThe doubt is whethe