福建專用2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一冠詞與代詞課件北師大版

1、專題一冠詞與代詞-2-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法1考查冠詞的基本用法1.冠詞分為不定冠詞(a/an)和定冠詞(the)。不定冠詞用在首次提到的或不限定的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表泛指;定冠詞用在上文提到的人或物前,或是被限制性修飾語加以限定的人或物前,也可用在表示雙方所默認(rèn)的特定的人或物的名詞前表特指。在名詞前使用不定冠詞時(shí)需注意:a用于以輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開頭的單詞前;an用于以元音音素(不是元音字母)開頭的單詞前。-3-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題1】(2020全國卷改編)As I grew older and became a mother,the library took on a new pla

2、ce and added meaning in my life.解析:added為以元音音素開頭的單詞,其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an?？挤偨Y(jié)看到added,不難想到它是以元音音素開頭的單詞,其前用an?！镜湫屠}2】(2019全國卷改編)Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.解析:考查冠詞。該空后為名詞成分,根據(jù)語境及空格前的of可知存在限定范圍,故填the。-4-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典

3、型例題3】(2019全國卷改編)When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was joke.解析:考查冠詞。joke是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)句意可知此處是泛指,所以填a?！镜湫屠}4】(2016全國卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.解析:句意:你可以出去一會(huì)兒,通過鍛煉或做些你喜歡做的事情來讓你的身體和大腦得到休息。for a while意為“一會(huì)

4、兒”,為固定搭配,故填a?？挤偨Y(jié)冠詞的考查常在具體的語境中進(jìn)行,解題時(shí)要注意其所修飾名詞的具體含義,比如,本題空格后的while意為“(一段)時(shí)間”,不是用作連詞。-5-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法2.通常情況下,形容詞比較級(jí)前不用冠詞;形容詞最高級(jí)前用定冠詞;序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。另外,表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞前用定冠詞the也是考查熱點(diǎn)。【典型例題5】(2015課標(biāo)全國卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of

5、architects and engineers.解析:句意:由美國西南部的普韋布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至受到了(當(dāng)今世界上)最前衛(wèi)的建筑師和工程師的青睞。根據(jù)句意和空后的最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞可知此處填定冠詞the?？挤偨Y(jié)most用于構(gòu)成最高級(jí),故其前應(yīng)用定冠詞the。-6-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法2考查習(xí)慣用語或固定搭配中的冠詞冠詞的習(xí)慣用語及固定搭配是高考語篇填空的常考點(diǎn)。語篇填空主要考查慣用搭配中的冠詞。?？疾榈墓潭ǘ陶Z有as a result,in fact,in a way,at a loss,give sb a hand,on the other hand等?！镜湫屠}6】(2017全國卷

6、)As result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.解析:考查冠詞。固定短語as a result“結(jié)果”?？挤偨Y(jié)as a result為固定短語,表示結(jié)果。-7-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法兩步法1.判斷設(shè)空后的名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。若是可數(shù)名詞,要判斷其是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。2.根據(jù)語境或語法結(jié)構(gòu)確定是泛指還是特指。復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞表泛指時(shí),其前不加任何冠詞;單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表泛指時(shí)其前需要加不定冠詞,表特指要用定冠詞the?！镜湫屠}】(2020山東卷改編)However,her ch

7、ildren have learned important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.解析:句意:然而,她的孩子們在見證母親獲得學(xué)位的過程中學(xué)到了重要的一課。lesson為可數(shù)名詞,表泛指,且important為以元音音素開頭的單詞,故用不定冠詞an。-8-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法1考查人稱代詞、物主代詞及反身代詞的用法語篇填空中會(huì)考查人稱代詞、物主代詞及反身代詞,主要考查人稱代詞主格和賓格的正確使用以及代詞指代一致。解題時(shí)要理清行文邏輯和句子成分,避免人稱代詞的主格和賓格混用或指代不一致。【典型例題1】(2016全國卷)On m

8、y recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.解析:此處修飾名詞mother,做定語,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞,故填its?？挤偨Y(jié)根據(jù)所缺成分可以確定應(yīng)填詞的詞性。-9-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法2考查it的用法對于it的考查主要有以下兩個(gè)方面:(1)it做替代詞。高考通?？疾閕t的替代功能,如指天氣、時(shí)間等,也可以指代前面提到過的具體事件以及上文提到的同一個(gè)事物?！镜湫屠}2】(2017全國卷)However,the railway quickly proved to

9、 be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using every day.解析:考查代詞。在六個(gè)月內(nèi)超過25,000人每天都在使用它。此處指代的是前面的the railway,故要用it?？挤偨Y(jié)此處應(yīng)與上文主語一致,為避免重復(fù),應(yīng)用it代替。-10-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法(2)it做形式主語和形式賓語的句型及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型?！镜湫屠}3】(2020全國卷改編) is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.解析:句意:在喬遷宴會(huì)上帶禮物是傳統(tǒng)

10、的。根據(jù)句意可知,本句真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式短語,故用It做形式主語,把真正的主語后置?？挤偨Y(jié)根據(jù)固定結(jié)構(gòu)“It+be+adj.+to do sth.”可知用It。-11-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法3考查不定代詞的用法對不定代詞的考查集中在其指代的范圍上,故解題時(shí)一定要明確其所指代的對象。另外要準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分易混的不定代詞。重點(diǎn)掌握下列幾組易混詞或短語的用法區(qū)別:(1)another,other,the other,others,the others(2)all,both,either,neither,none,each,every(3)many,much(4)few,a few,little,a li

11、ttle(5)some,any-12-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題4】(2020天津卷改編)For those who hunger for peace and quiet,sound can now create silence.解析:句意:對于那些渴望和平與寧靜的人來說,聲音現(xiàn)在可以創(chuàng)造寂靜。some可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,用在肯定句中,故此處用some合適?！镜湫屠}5】(2020山東卷改編)As the author explains,this is a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.解析:句意:正如作者所解釋的,

12、這既不是旅行用書,也不是歷史書,甚至也算不上一篇報(bào)告文學(xué)。由后面的nor可知,此處用neither,neither.nor.意為“既不也不”?？挤偨Y(jié)neither.nor.為固定搭配,看到后面的nor可想到前面可能填neither。-13-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法1通過句子成分確定填什么代詞分析句子成分,如果句中缺主語,則可能填人稱代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it;如果缺賓語,則可能填人稱代詞賓格;如果賓語與主語是指同一人,則應(yīng)用反身代詞。【典型例題1】On my desk is a photo that my father took ofwhen I was a baby.解析:設(shè)空處做介詞

13、of的賓語,應(yīng)用人稱代詞賓格;再結(jié)合句意“我的桌子上有一張我小時(shí)候父親為我拍的照片”可知填me。-14-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法2通過句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否填it根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu),判斷句子是否為it的特殊句式,即it做形式主語、形式賓語或用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中?！镜湫屠}2】(2014陜西卷改編)Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.解析:句意:如果你能提前告知我你是否會(huì)來,我將不勝感激。Id appreciate it if.為固定句型,意為“如果,我將不勝感激”。it在該句型中做形式賓語,指代

14、下文if從句的內(nèi)容。故答案為it。-15-.單句語法填空1.(2019安徽定遠(yuǎn)高三?？?He is going to visituniversity which is located in the west of USA.2.My parents had moved to England from India during 1970s.3.The X-rays you get at doctors or dentists are not enough to cause cancer.4.I dont remember the first two operations very well,but

15、 I do recallthird.5.Girls,who always spend money on clothes,should keep eye open for discounts.a the the an the -16-6.(2019天津卷改編)A study shows students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.7. number of these results on why this kind of bird cant fly are extre

16、mely interesting.8.Since thenfor all these yearswe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result,the plants are growing everywhere.9.The young may need more sleep than old,but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups.10.Mr Smith asked you to repeat phone numb

17、er second time so that he could set it down.the A a the the a -17-1.(2019遼寧葫蘆島協(xié)作校聯(lián)考)My brother is a excellent vet,who looks after frightening snakes in the zoo.2.My mother always gave me some advice,but I seldom took them seriously.3.If you miss your sister,you just take out your phone and say “hell

18、o” to him.aan themithimher-18-4.I wanted to do anything special for Dr.Johnson at his retirement party.5.Dont allow those comments to weaken you,and turn them into motivation to inspire yourself.anythingsomethingyourselfyou-19-6.Dolphins are thought to be intelligent animals because of its quick abi

19、lity to learn.itstheir7.Sometimes we may find difficult to follow the teacher and some slow learners may even give up learning English.8.How do you like our club?Im looking forward to early reply.find后加itto后加your-20-9.Id like to introduce Sarah to you.She is a good friend of me.memine10.But after th

20、e test,all Bob and Mary were called to the teachers office.allboth-21-As a single mom,it is often hard for me to provide those little “extras” my children seem to want.About four weeks ago,my 11-year-old son came home from school and 1. (excite) said that the musical instrument he had made from 2.(recycle) products was chosen to be sent to the NYS Green Nation Recycling Competition in Albany.There was a note 3. his teacher informing that my son 4.(invite) to attend the competition but the parents were expected to p