2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題12定語(yǔ)從句含解析

1、2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題12定語(yǔ)從句含解析2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題12定語(yǔ)從句含解析2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題12定語(yǔ)從句含解析專題12 【定語(yǔ)從句】解題指導(dǎo)觸類旁通尋方法,求策略，掌握“套路”“一判三看”破解定語(yǔ)從句一判：判斷是不是定語(yǔ)從句設(shè)空處無(wú)提示詞，而設(shè)空前的主句完整；設(shè)空后的句子不完整，且對(duì)設(shè)空前的某一名詞或代詞起限定作用,考慮填定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。注意是否已有并列連詞（如but、 and)和從屬連詞（如if、 when)，注意是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。若是疑問(wèn)句可將其變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序。一看：在先行詞的后面出現(xiàn)逗號(hào)的，是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。that不

2、能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可代表主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容，which意為“這一點(diǎn).as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,可置句中或句首或句尾，意為“正如。 其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是be seen、 be known、 be reported、 be mentioned、 be said、 be often the case等。二看：尋找先行詞，判斷屬性(指人還是指物，表時(shí)間地點(diǎn),還是原因）先行詞指人：that/who/whom/whose；先行詞指物：that/which/whose等；表時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因：when/where/why。三看：判斷所缺成分，確定關(guān)系詞缺少主語(yǔ)：that/w

3、hich/who；缺少動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)：that/which/who/whom；缺少介詞的賓語(yǔ):whom/which；缺少定語(yǔ)：whose；缺少時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)：用when、 where、 why。定語(yǔ)從句的1個(gè)難點(diǎn)當(dāng)先行詞為表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如point、 situation、 case、 stage等,若在從句中作狀語(yǔ),用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；若作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which.先行詞指人時(shí)不能用which， whom只作賓語(yǔ).that兩個(gè)不能:不能用在介詞后，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that、 which；作

4、狀語(yǔ)用when、 where。that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，其余情況一般不可省略。what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作介詞和動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，是?？键c(diǎn)應(yīng)多關(guān)注.“缺什么，補(bǔ)什么”,準(zhǔn)確選用關(guān)系詞1如果先行詞指人,且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用who/that，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用who.2如果先行詞指人，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用who/that/whom，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用whom。3如果先行詞指物，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用which/that,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用which。4如果先行詞指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn),且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句中用wh

5、en/where;如果從句中缺少的是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),則用that/which。5不論先行詞指人還是物，只要關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)就用whose。6如果先行詞指人,“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞用whom；如果先行詞指物，“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞用which?？键c(diǎn)突破針對(duì)提能明考點(diǎn)，攻重難,有效提升 考點(diǎn)一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1關(guān)系代詞及其用法關(guān)系代詞用法who用于指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)whom用于指人,在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可用who代替；若從句中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前，只能用whom直接跟在介詞后作賓語(yǔ),不可用who代替which用于指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

6、that既可指人又可指物，指人時(shí)通?？膳cwho, whom互換，指物時(shí)通?？膳cwhich互換。在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)whose表示所屬關(guān)系，既可指人又可指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。指物時(shí)相當(dāng)于of which；指人時(shí)相當(dāng)于of whomas引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作關(guān)系代詞，既可指人又可指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為整個(gè)主句,意為“正如；像”2。關(guān)系代詞的用法區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法區(qū)別只用that的情況先行詞是all, few， little, much， something， anything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)先行詞被the only,

7、 the very， the same， all等修飾時(shí)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)只用which的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)關(guān)系代詞指物，且前有介詞時(shí)關(guān)系代詞as和which的用法區(qū)別as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常譯為“正如,正像”。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為see， know， expect， say, mention, report等which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面整個(gè)句子時(shí)，只能置于主句后，常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”等，which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系(2018北京卷)She and her fam

8、ily bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.她和她的家人騎自行車上班，這有助于他們保持健康。（2017北京卷)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.在日常生活中我們遇到的小問(wèn)題可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感來(lái)源。（2017天津卷)My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.我的大兒子的

9、工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他現(xiàn)在在紐約。(重慶卷)Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year。我們將在一個(gè)月內(nèi)達(dá)到年初所定的銷售目標(biāo)。(江蘇卷)The number of smokers， as is reported， has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.正如報(bào)道的那樣，煙民的數(shù)量?jī)H在一年內(nèi)就已經(jīng)下降了17%?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】（1)whom, which， that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略；但介詞提前時(shí)不能省略，也不能用

10、that；(2）as用在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，常用于下列句式：such名詞as（像一樣的，像之類的)；the same名詞as（和同樣的）。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China。像在我們車間使用的機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。考點(diǎn)二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞用法when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“表時(shí)間的介詞（in，at，on，during等)which”where指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“表地點(diǎn)的介詞(in， at, on， under等）which”why指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“forw

11、hich”（天津卷）The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.完全靠體力謀生的時(shí)代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。(福建卷）Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該參與社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，在這些活動(dòng)中他們可以獲得成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Do you know the reason why he didnt attend the meeting yes

12、terday？ 你知道他昨天沒(méi)參加會(huì)議的原因嗎?【名師點(diǎn)津】當(dāng)先行詞為situation， case, stage， point等，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。（2019天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences。他們的孩子處于能說(shuō)一些個(gè)別的單詞但不能說(shuō)完整句子的階段.考點(diǎn)三、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。其中關(guān)系代詞只能用which和whom，且不能省略.(安徽卷)Some exper

13、ts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的基本技能。2“the名詞of which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.這類定語(yǔ)從句一般為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞和后面的關(guān)系代詞為所屬關(guān)系。(江蘇卷）The newly.built caf，the walls of which （whose walls） are painted light green， is really a peaceful place for us， especially

14、after hard work。這家新建成的咖啡館的墻被刷成了淺綠色，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，這真是一個(gè)安靜的地方，特別是在辛苦工作后。3“表示全部或部分的詞語(yǔ)of which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)的表示部分的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)有:不定代詞(all， both, none， some, most等）；數(shù)詞（基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、several等）;the形容詞的比較級(jí)/最高級(jí).（浙江卷）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科學(xué)

15、家們提出了很多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時(shí)流淚的理論，這些理論尚未得到證實(shí)。(江蘇卷)Many young people， most of whom were welleducated， headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求自己的夢(mèng)想，他們中大部分都受過(guò)良好的教育。4“介詞which名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)的類似結(jié)構(gòu):during which time 在此期間at which time 在這時(shí)at which point 在這一時(shí)刻for which reason 由于這個(gè)原因 in which case

16、在這一情況下(遼寧卷)He may win the competition， in which case he is likely to get into the national team。他可能會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽，如果這樣的話他就可能進(jìn)入國(guó)家隊(duì).【名師點(diǎn)津】“復(fù)合介詞短語(yǔ)which”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),定語(yǔ)從句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。He lived in a big house， in front of which stood a big tall tree。他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵又大又高的樹(shù)。跟蹤檢測(cè)遷移應(yīng)用練模擬，練規(guī)范，夯基提能I。高考真題診斷單句語(yǔ)法填空1。(2

17、019全國(guó)卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _ she opened with her late husband Les.2。(2018全國(guó)卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early

18、 deaths from all causes.3.（2019全國(guó)卷)They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals。4。（2018全國(guó)卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government started a soil。testing program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to far

19、mersand 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.5.（2020全國(guó)卷III）In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.【答案詳解】1.答案：which 解析:根據(jù)設(shè)空處前邊有逗號(hào)可知，設(shè)空處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句代替前邊的句子,先行詞為the pet shop，故用引導(dǎo)詞which引導(dǎo)。句意:現(xiàn)在，艾琳阿斯特伯里每天早上9點(diǎn)到下午5點(diǎn)在麥克萊斯菲爾德的寵物店工作，這家寵物店是她和她已故的丈夫萊斯一起開(kāi)的.2。答案：that/which 解析:分析

20、句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,名詞study為先行詞表示事物，其后為定語(yǔ)從句故用that或which引導(dǎo)，在從句中做主語(yǔ).句意：該綜述的兩位作者還在2014年發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究表明，每天只要跑步5到10分鐘,就能降低患心臟病和各種原因?qū)е碌脑缢赖娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。3.答案：who/that 解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，masters為先行詞表示人，故用who或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做主語(yǔ)。句意：他們的主人在照顧這些動(dòng)物方面經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，訓(xùn)練有素。4.答案:that/which 解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知program為先行詞，表示事物，其后為定語(yǔ)從句故用that或which引導(dǎo)，在從句中做主語(yǔ)。句意：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部發(fā)現(xiàn)，從2005年

21、政府開(kāi)始土壤測(cè)試項(xiàng)目（向農(nóng)民提供特定肥料建議）到2011年，化肥使用量減少了770萬(wàn)噸.5.答案：whose 解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為artist，在從句中作定語(yǔ)修飾paintings，故用whose。句意：中國(guó)古代有一位畫(huà)家，他的畫(huà)栩栩如生。II.精選典題定語(yǔ)從句專題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練單句語(yǔ)法填空6.(2020太原期中）In the past few years， more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down， _ is the result of the competition with online bo

22、okstores。7。(2020保定摸底)For instance, in Lima， the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics， about 70 percent of _ were set up by local doctors.8。（2020大連雙基測(cè)試）The 55。km Hong Kong。Zhuhai。Macao Bridge, _ was opened on Oct.24, 2018, connects Guangdong Province with Chinas two specia

23、l administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macao。9.（2020陜西漢中一模）Our office wasnt far from Chinatown, _ I found some very good Chinese restaurants。10。(2020天津河西質(zhì)量調(diào)研)This was returned because the person to _ this letter was addressed had died three years ago。11。(2020大慶一中二模）As more and more people own priva

24、te cars, parking has become a big headache for many car owners, especially for those _ live in downtown areas without enough parking spaces.12。（2020齊齊哈爾一模）The video， _ length was just 7 seconds, has been viewed more than 19 million times in just two days。13。（2020衢州模擬）He decided to go to Stanford bec

25、ause there were many opportunities for people _ wanted to work in Silicon Valley.14.(2020煙臺(tái)期末）His interest started a few years ago, _ he was in college and studying wildlife science。15.(2020河北一模）He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.【答案詳解】6。答案：which 解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空處前邊有逗號(hào)可知，設(shè)空處為非

26、限制性定語(yǔ)從句代替前邊的句子,故用引導(dǎo)詞which。句意:在過(guò)去的幾年里，中國(guó)超過(guò)一半的書(shū)店倒閉了，這是與網(wǎng)上書(shū)店競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果。7。答案：which 解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處是“代詞of+which/whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是many theories，指物，故關(guān)系代詞只能用which。句意:例如，在秘魯首都利馬，有50多家中醫(yī)診所，其中70%是當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)生開(kāi)設(shè)的。8.答案:which 解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知先行詞為bridge，根據(jù)設(shè)空處前邊有逗號(hào)可知，bridge之后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故用引導(dǎo)詞which。句意：港珠澳大橋全長(zhǎng)55公里，于2018年10月24日通車，連接了廣東省

27、和中國(guó)兩個(gè)特別行政區(qū)香港、澳門.9。答案：where 解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為 Chinatown，在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。句意：我們的辦公室離唐人街不遠(yuǎn),在那里我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些非常不錯(cuò)的中國(guó)餐館。10.答案：whom 解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處是“to+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是person，指人，故關(guān)系代詞只能用whom。句意：這封信被退回了，因?yàn)槭招湃巳昵熬腿ナ懒恕?1.答案：who 解析：考察定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知those為先行詞，為不定代詞表示人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用who不能用tha

28、t。句意:隨著越來(lái)越多的人擁有私家車,停車已經(jīng)成為許多車主頭疼的問(wèn)題，特別是那些居住在市中心沒(méi)有足夠停車位的人.12.答案：whose 解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞是 the video，空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),這里限定 length， 故填 whose。句意：這段時(shí)長(zhǎng)僅7秒的視頻,在短短兩天內(nèi)的瀏覽量就超過(guò)了1900萬(wàn)次。13。答案：who/that 解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知先行詞為people， 故用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,who在從中作主語(yǔ).關(guān)系代詞that可以指人,填that也可以。句意：他決定去斯坦福，因?yàn)槟抢镉泻芏鄼C(jī)會(huì)提供給那些想在硅谷工作的人。14.答案：when 解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知

29、，先行詞是表示時(shí)間的a few years ago，且從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞when。句意：他的興趣是幾年前開(kāi)始的，當(dāng)時(shí)他還在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)野生動(dòng)物科學(xué)。15。答案：where 解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為letter表示物，后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞where，表示在信中。句意：他寫(xiě)了一封信，在信中解釋了事故發(fā)生的原因。III。精選典題定語(yǔ)從句專題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練單句改錯(cuò)16.This is such a place that all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting。 17.It has also be

30、en a social center that we can connect with other children and find out activities that are going on。 18。Above all， they hosted an American student last year， through that they gained lots of experience。 19。There are many problems when I am abroad alone，especially when I am in the Czech Republic，its

31、 official language is not English.20.At noon， we play Room Escape, an interesting game what challenged our IQ and teamwork。【答案詳解】16。答案：thatas或在visiting后加it 解析:that之后為定語(yǔ)從句，所以要用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)；因句子中含有such 因此定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用as.或在visiting后加it，將句子變成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，it代替上文提到的place。17.答案:第一個(gè)thatwhere 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為定語(yǔ)從句先行詞為a

32、ctivities，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。18.答案:thatwhich 解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,原句中that代替逗號(hào)之前的句子指事，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作through的賓語(yǔ)， 且介詞through在前面， 故改為which。19.答案：itswhose 解析：句中含有一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the Czech Republic。關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，所以用whose,故將its改為whose.20.答案：whatthat/which 解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知game是先行詞,指物,之后為定語(yǔ)從句，bridge在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用that或which

33、引導(dǎo)該從句。故將what改為that或which。IV。精選典題定語(yǔ)從句專題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練短文語(yǔ)法填空There was a time_21_I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English。 And this was the reason_22_my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school。 When I first came to the club，_23_I me

34、t many strangers， I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home。 Fortunately， my guide，_24_teacher was Yu Minhong,communicated with me face-toface，from_25_I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me，and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Everyday I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities_26_we did。 I should be grateful to my father and the guide，_27_encouraged met of all in love with English。 Now I feel it interesting to learn English，