名詞性從句-高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題

1、高考英語(yǔ)名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)好名詞性從句 英語(yǔ)表達(dá)隨心所欲That is why he doesnt like Jay Chou.In fact, it is certain that we would not be able to understand ancient English if we heard it today.I dont know who (whom) they are waiting for. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.判斷下列劃線部分充當(dāng)什么成分表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句

2、共同特征：名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)名詞性從句釋義名詞性從句是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)四種從句的總稱,因?yàn)檫@四種成分通常由名詞性的結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。This is the process of making a paper plane. This is how a paper plane is made. The accident made him upset. What happened made him upset. (名詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ))(從句充當(dāng)表語(yǔ))(名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ))(從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ))I dont understand your words. I dont understand what you said. We

3、 should follow his suggestion.We should follow his suggestion that we do more reading. (名詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))(從句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))(從句充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ))連接詞按其在從句中所起的作用分為：1）連接代詞：who(-ever) , what(-ever), which(-ever), whom(-ever), whose (-ever) 2）連接副詞：when (-ever), where (-ever), why (-ever), how (-ever) 3）連接詞：that, whether, if, because【引導(dǎo)名

4、詞性從句的連接詞】【連詞在句中的功能】 It is not clear yet which plan will be adopted.The fact is that we have lost the game. I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. I dont care about whether you have money or not. What interested me most was the way he talked. 【結(jié)論】連接代詞：連接副詞：連接

5、詞： 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、限定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不充當(dāng)任何成分（一）主語(yǔ)從句【定義】在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句考題再現(xiàn)fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A What B That C This D Which _ is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. (what) 我想告訴你的是我對(duì)父母愛(ài)之深，尊之重。What I want to tell you_ is the creative i

6、magination of the writer.（make） 使這本書如此精彩的是作者的創(chuàng)造性的想象力。_the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.(remain) 新組建的委員會(huì)的政策能否付諸實(shí)施尚需拭目以待。we cant get seems better than _we have.A What, what B What, that C That, that D That , whatWhat makes the book so wonderful It remains to be seen whether【

7、it-主語(yǔ)從句】有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：Itis名詞從句itis形容詞從句itis過(guò)去分詞從句it不及物動(dòng)詞從句it 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)連接代詞/連接副詞 【典型例題】 _ people spend so much money on their pets _ us a lot. A. That; surprises B. What; surprising C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised用it作形式主語(yǔ)改寫上句:It surprises us

8、a lot that people spend so much money on their pets._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It It is pretty well understood_ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how ADC（二）賓語(yǔ)從句【定義】在

9、句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫作賓語(yǔ)從句【分類】Iheardthathejoinedthearmy. Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother. Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.【結(jié)論】動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)、形容詞賓語(yǔ) 你對(duì)做過(guò)的事情感到遺憾嗎? Are you sorry for what youve done?每樣事情都取決于我們是否有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn). Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.不論老師說(shuō)什么，他總是很注意。 He al

10、ways pays attention to whatever the teacher says.比較: Whatever the teacher says, he always pays attention to it. No matter what the teacher says, he always pays attention to it.I think its going to be a big problem.Yes, it could be.I wonder _we can do about it.A if B how C what D thathow close you ar

11、e to successDo not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell . (close) 失敗的時(shí)候不要泄氣，因?yàn)槟阌肋h(yuǎn)也不會(huì)知道你離成功有多近。We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我們?cè)S諾任何參加派對(duì)的人都有機(jī)會(huì)和影星合影。I dont know _ he is waiting for.whoeveranyone whowhoIt is generally considered unwise

12、 to give a child _he or she wants.A however B whatever C whichever D whenever Police have found _ the lost ancient statue. (appear) 警方疑似已經(jīng)找到了丟失的古代雕像。what appears to beThe shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.這個(gè)令人震驚的消息讓我認(rèn)識(shí)到我們將要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題多么可怕。whatWe must bear in mind when we watc

13、h TV or surf the Internet or talk on the phone we are enjoying the fruits of mans laborA. as B. that C. while D. becauseThe message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of others actually understand. A. why B. that C. which D. whatCould I speak to is in charge of Internationa

14、l Sales, please? A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter whoAs a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions. A. what B. which C. that D. how 【True or false】Iadmirethattheywonthematch.Iadmire itthattheywonthematch. 【有些動(dòng)詞不能直接跟that 從句】allow,refuse,let,like,c

15、ause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love, forgive, help,take, like, hate, see to, appreciate+ it that.Never take _ for granted that I will help you. Better depend on yourself. A. that B. it C. which D. hisB 賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移將think, believe, suppose, expect,fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

16、否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。 I don t think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不會(huì)回來(lái)。注意：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你沒(méi)有生病吧。（三）表語(yǔ)從句【定義】在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句叫作表語(yǔ)從句考題再現(xiàn)What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A when B how C whether D whyI

17、 drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _you had a few days off?A why B when C what D whereI am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, he never finishes anything.我得說(shuō)，他這個(gè)人光說(shuō)不練，這就是他一事無(wú)成的原因。which is whyOne reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like

18、shops and restaurants.購(gòu)物和就餐的便捷性是她偏愛(ài)城市生活的原因之一。thatPart of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether【補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明】表語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)于be動(dòng)詞之后，有時(shí)見(jiàn)于look, remain,seem之后；引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that一般不可省略。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞除前面所列的常用詞之外，還可由There

19、asonisthatItisbecause , This/That is whyIt looks as if/though等結(jié)構(gòu)引出?！镜湫屠}】1. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?- oh, thats _.what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited2. Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes

20、to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why3. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_I dont agree. You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when D. whatAA（四）同位語(yǔ)從句【定義】在句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫作同位語(yǔ)從句該類從句通常用在idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief,

21、truth 等抽象名詞的后面，說(shuō)明該名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有that, how, when, where等They have no idea at all_. A where he has gone B where did he go C which place he has gone D where has he goneModern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.現(xiàn)代科技已經(jīng)確證吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多疾病。I made a promise to myself _ this yea

22、r, my first year in high school, would be different.我對(duì)自己許下諾言，今年，我在高中的第二年，將會(huì)徹底改觀。thatthat【同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別】(1)They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.(2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.(3) The book that I bought yesterday is worth reading.(4) This

23、is the question that I asked my teacher yesterday.(5) The problem that we do not have enough money has not yet been solved.同定判斷以下從句是定語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句:同定同【結(jié)論】同位語(yǔ)從句前面是抽象名詞,從句說(shuō)明名詞的內(nèi)容，定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明名詞的性質(zhì)特征，對(duì)其限制、修飾,說(shuō)明其身份；前者所用連詞that不充當(dāng)句子成分，也不能省略,后者所用關(guān)系代詞that充當(dāng)句子成分,充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)可以省略。我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。（whether or not/have no idea）I dont

24、know whether or not hell come.I have no idea whether he will come.每樣?xùn)|西都取決于情況是否會(huì)改變。Everything depends on whether the situation will change.我們是否會(huì)去取決于天氣。Whether well go depends on the weather.問(wèn)題是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.請(qǐng)告訴我去不去。（不定式）Please tell me whether to go （or not）.【whether

25、和if區(qū)別】【結(jié)論只能用whether的場(chǎng)合】主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句Whether or not 連用介詞之后Whether to do（inf.）【W(wǎng)hether 和 if 可以替換的場(chǎng)合】 賓語(yǔ)從句1. I wonder if this is _you are looking for.2. Our school is quite different from _ it was before.3. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.4._ I cant unde

26、rstand is why he has changed his mind.5._ the earth is round is known to us all.whatwhatthatWhat That 【that 與 what】【結(jié)論】_在從句中不作成分，不含有疑問(wèn)意義，_在從句中作成分，常含有疑問(wèn)意義。whatthatwhat在名詞性從句中的使用Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck

27、. A. as B. that C. which D. whatThe companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. whoSome children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. A. what B. th

28、at C. which D. one is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. WhichA modern city has been set up inwas a wasteland ten years ago.whatB. which C. that D. where名詞性從句中what用法總結(jié):(1) 同時(shí)在做主句和從句中充當(dāng)主賓表語(yǔ),這樣用的what相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”，所以其前不能有先行詞(2) 有時(shí)what可用作限定詞，其后修飾

29、一個(gè)名詞：IgavehimwhatbooksIhad. 我把我所有的書都給他了。Hegavemewhatmoneyhehadwithhim. 他把帶的錢全給了我。(3)和which的區(qū)別 Here are five books. You can read whichever you like.(4)和how的區(qū)別You have no idea what silly mistakes you have made.You have no idea how silly you have been in making such a mistake.【高考真題】1）_ you dont like hi

30、m is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3) Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what CAAThat they will come _certain.What

31、 he wants _ some water. What he wants _these books. 【結(jié)論】主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式. What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.【主語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致】isareis1、Scientists think that the continents _ always where they_ today. A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent; were 2、 Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting

32、 for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone CD【名詞性從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題】【結(jié)論】當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，名詞性從句中的動(dòng)作根據(jù)所發(fā)生的時(shí)間來(lái)定，可以有各種時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)作一般都要使用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)，除非表示客觀真理?！久~性從句中的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題】1、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who i

33、s it D. who it is 2、The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like3 、When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . A. he is entering which lane

34、 B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering DBB【結(jié)論】名詞性從句中都用陳述語(yǔ)序，不用倒裝語(yǔ)序。【名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣】表示“堅(jiān)持、命令、建議或要求”等詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，不管是在哪一種從句中，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可省略。例如：（一堅(jiān)持）（二命令）（四建議）（四要求）以及他們的同根名詞。Insistcommand, orderadvise, recommend, suggest, proposedemand,

35、 desire, request, require用四種名詞性從句翻譯:他建議立刻開(kāi)會(huì).賓語(yǔ)從句He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 主語(yǔ)從句 It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 表語(yǔ)從句His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 同位語(yǔ)從句 He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held

36、immediately. 【特別提醒主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣】基本句型：It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative + (should) do 考題點(diǎn)擊：1. Is it suggested that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must

37、take D. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3. We should consider the students request the school library (provide)more books on popular science.DBprovide4. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D.

38、can try【特別提醒insist/suggest不表虛擬語(yǔ)氣】當(dāng)insist表示堅(jiān)持事實(shí)時(shí), 不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣. 如:The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.當(dāng)suggest表示表明,暗示時(shí),不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.如:The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.A 【典型例題】I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him.A. on him to go;

39、 should be B. he went; beC. he go; was D. he should go to; isHer pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A. be, should have B. was, have C. should, had D. was, hasCB【it 作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題 】1、_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It2、 I like_ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A this B that C itD one 3、The c