unit 6 a clean welllighted place市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、Unit 6 Tone & StyleA Clean, Well-lighted Place第1頁ToneTone refers to the methods by which writers convey attitudes toward the subject matter, characters, or audience.For this reason, tone and attitude are often closely mingled together.第2頁 TONEThe distinction lies in the fact that tone refers not to

2、attitudes but to those techniques of presentation that reveal these attitudes. Word choice and sentence structure help to create the tone of a work, which may be intimate or distant, bitter or affectionate, straightforward or cautious, supportive or critical, respectful or disdainful.第3頁 StyleIt ref

3、ers to the way in which the writer uses language, selecting and arranging words to say what he or she wants to say.In other words, style is made up of an authors choice and arrangement of diction to convey both a theme and the authors individuality.第4頁A Clean, Well-lighted PlaceErnest HemingwayLost

4、Generation （迷惘一代）Iceberg Theory 第5頁Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961) An American novelist Short-story writer JournalistPulitzer Prize(普利策獎(jiǎng)) in 1953 Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954第6頁Major WorksThe Sun also Rises (1926) 太陽照常升起A Farewell to Arms (1929) 永別了，武器For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) 喪鐘為誰而鳴The Old M

5、an and the Sea (1952) 老人與海第7頁“But man is not made for defeat. ” “A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”第8頁The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. 第9頁Leaving out essential information of the story in the belief that omission can sometimes strengthe

6、n the plot of the novel.第10頁Iceberg Theory第11頁 All Hemingways protagonists struggle to keep seven-eighths of their character hidden below the surface of their conscious lives, showing only a cool exterior to the outside world.In prose style, only one-eighth of the full meaning of a story is revealed

7、, and careful readers must probe their own experience to account for all that is below the surface.第12頁“A Clean, Well-lighted Place”第13頁SettingIn a caf at a late night第14頁Old manYoung waiterElder waiterDeathNothingnessCharacters第15頁Youth and ageBelief and doubtLight and darknessSelfishness and compa

8、ssionThemes.第16頁What did he fear? It was not a fear or dread, It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was a nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada y pue

9、s nada y nada y pues nada. 他怕什么？他不是怕，也不是發(fā)慌。他心里很有數(shù)，這是虛無縹緲。全是虛無縹緲，人也是虛無縹緲。人所需要只是虛無縹緲和亮光以及干潔凈凈和井井有條。有些人生活于其中卻從來沒有感覺到，可是，他知道一切都是虛無縹緲，一切都是為了虛無縹緲，虛無縹緲，為了虛無縹緲。第17頁Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada

10、 us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee. 我們虛無縹緲就在虛無縹緲中，虛無縹緲是你名字，你王國也叫虛無縹緲，你將是虛無縹緲中虛無縹緲，因?yàn)樵瓉砭褪翘摕o縹緲。給我們這個(gè)虛無縹緲吧，我們?nèi)粘Ｌ摕o縹緲，虛無縹緲是我們，我們虛無縹緲，因?yàn)槲覀兪翘摕o縹緲，我們虛無縹緲，我們無不在虛無縹緲中，可是，把我們打虛無縹緲中拯救出來吧；為了虛無縹緲。歡呼全是虛無

11、縹緲虛無縹緲，虛無縹緲與汝同在。第18頁(parody) 手法，戲仿就是二次創(chuàng)作，有可能到達(dá)反諷效果，比如大話西游對(duì)西游記就是戲仿。首先戲仿是主禱文，沒錯(cuò)，就是今天美國賓館依然常見主禱文。Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed by thy name. Thy kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors. And

12、lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil; amen.圣母瑪利亞禱文。Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.第19頁Nihilism 虛無主義Friedrich Nietzsche ni:t (尼采)Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated. It is often associated with extreme pes

13、simism and a radical skepticism(極端懷疑論)that condemns existence. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy. 第20頁DIY Why is Nada or “Nothing” repeated in the story?What are the symbolic meanings of the “l(fā)ight”, “night”, or “sh

14、adows” in the story?第21頁How to Read Fiction?1 Look at the plot2 Analyze the characters3 Identify the setting4 Examine the narrative point of view5 Analyze the style, tone, and language6 Focus on symbolism and allegory7 Identify the themes第22頁1. What conflicts occur in the story?2. How are these conf

15、licts developed or resolved?3. Who are the protagonist or antagonist?4. What are the characters most striking traits?5. At what time period and in what geographic location does the action of the story occur?6. How does the setting affect the characters of the story?第23頁7. How does it determine the r

16、elationship among the characters?8. How does the setting affect the plot?9. Does the setting create a mood or atmosphere for the story?10. In what way does the setting reinforce the central ideas that the story examines?11. What person (s) is/are telling the story?第24頁12. Is the story told in the fi

17、rst person or in the third person?13. Does the writer make any unusual use of diction or syntax?14. Does the writer use imaginative figures of speech? Pattern of imagery?15. What styles or levels of speech are associated with particular characters?第25頁16. Does the narrators tone reveal his or her at

18、titude toward characters or events?17. Is the tone of the story playful, humorous, ironic, satirical, serious, solemn, bitter, formal, or informal?18. Does the author use any objects or ideas symbolically?19. Does the same object have different meanings at different places in the story?第26頁20. What

19、is the central theme? And what other themes are explored?21. What elements of the story develop the central theme?22. How does the title of the story contribute to readers understanding of the central theme?第27頁How to Read Fiction?1 Look at the plot2 Analyze the characters3 Identify the setting4 Exa

20、mine the narrative point of view5 Analyze the style, tone, and language6 Focus on symbolism and allegory7 Identify the themes第28頁1. What conflicts occur in the story?2. How are these conflicts developed or resolved?3. Who are the protagonist or antagonist?4. What are the characters most striking tra

21、its?5. At what time period and in what geographic location does the action of the story occur?6. How does the setting affect the characters of the story?第29頁7. How does it determine the relationship among the characters?8. How does the setting affect the plot?9. Does the setting create a mood or atmosphere for the story?10. In what way does the setting reinforce the central ideas that the story examines?11. What person (s) is/are telling the story?第30頁12. Is the story told in the first person or in the third person?13. Does the writer make any unusual use of dict