高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)：狀語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案

1、 狀語(yǔ)從句什么是狀語(yǔ)從句？用來(lái)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的句子稱(chēng)為狀語(yǔ)從句。什么是狀語(yǔ)？狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。如：He did it carefully.（副詞）We often help him.（副詞）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. （介詞短語(yǔ)）When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. （從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）He sits there. （副詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）指出下列狀語(yǔ)是屬于什么類(lèi)型的

2、狀語(yǔ)。Lets get together at 7 oclock.( 狀語(yǔ))I met the boy in the library.( 狀語(yǔ))He came late because of the heavy rain.( 狀語(yǔ))She got to the station to pick up her son. ( 狀語(yǔ))The young man got up too late to catch the bus.( 狀語(yǔ))Will you go to New York by sea or by air?( 狀語(yǔ))If it rains tomorrow, the meeting will

3、 be put off.( 狀語(yǔ))Despite the heavy rain, he went to look after the old man. ( 狀語(yǔ))定義：狀語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的從句。功能：它主要用于修飾句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等，有時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子。由于其功能與副詞非常相近，又叫作副詞性從句。位置：狀語(yǔ)從句的位置較活：可以放在主句之前，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)；也可以放在主句之后，不用逗號(hào)。分類(lèi)：由于它是從各個(gè)方面來(lái)修飾、說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)的各種情況，所以常見(jiàn)的狀語(yǔ)從句有九種之多。分為_(kāi)狀語(yǔ)從句、_狀語(yǔ)從句、_狀語(yǔ)從句、_狀語(yǔ)從句、_狀語(yǔ)從句、_狀語(yǔ)

4、從句、_狀語(yǔ)從句、_狀語(yǔ)從句和_狀語(yǔ)從句。各種不同的狀語(yǔ)從句所使用的關(guān)系詞也各不相同。狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有哪些？連詞分類(lèi)并列連詞and, but, or, so, for并列、遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系and, both.and., neither.nor., not only.but also., as well as轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比關(guān)系but, yet; while選擇關(guān)系or, either.or., not.but.因果關(guān)系so, for從屬連詞that, which, when, where定從引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as關(guān)系副詞when, where

5、, why名從引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞that, whether, if連接代詞what, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 連接副詞where, when, why, how, wherever, whenever狀從引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)間狀從when, while, as, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, hardly.when., no so

6、oner.than.地點(diǎn)狀從where, wherever條件狀從if, unless(=if not), so/ as long as, on condition that, in case, suppose/ supposing, provided/ providing原因狀從because, for, as, since, now that, considering that目的狀從so that, in order that, in case, for fear that結(jié)果狀從so that, so/ such.that.方式狀從as, as if/ though比較狀從than,

7、as.as., not as/ so.as.讓步狀從although, though, even if/ though, as, while, what/who/when/where/however時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連詞用法謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞意義例句when從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作可同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可先后發(fā)生?？芍笗r(shí)間的某個(gè)點(diǎn)，也指一段時(shí)間。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞當(dāng)時(shí)候When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.I owed Jack $ 100 when I was in London.as從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生?？芍笗r(shí)間的某個(gè)點(diǎn)，也指一段時(shí)間。延續(xù)性動(dòng)

8、詞、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞隨著一邊；一邊當(dāng)時(shí)候The students sang as they walked.As he stood up，he dropped the glass，breaking it into pieces.while從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間。從句中常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞當(dāng)時(shí)候在期間While I was reading, he came in.I made some foreign friends while I was in London.什么是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞？動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)句法功能分類(lèi)行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）不及物動(dòng)詞go, wa

9、lk, work, die, smile及物動(dòng)詞ask, love, hate, say, eat, dress連系動(dòng)詞be, become, turn, get, look, appear, seem, sound, feel, taste, smell助動(dòng)詞be, do, have, will, shall, would, should情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, have to, will根據(jù)意義分類(lèi)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞love, hate, like, dislike, think, guess, stand, lie, sit動(dòng)

10、作動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞live, sit, stand, work, walk, learn, keep非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞die, finish, join, leave, come, go延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一種可以持續(xù)的行為過(guò)程或狀態(tài)；非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示行為或過(guò)程是短暫瞬間完成的。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)修飾，而非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可以。How long can I keep the book? 這本書(shū)我可以借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？They will work here till next Friday. 他們要在這里工作到下周五。常用的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的對(duì)照：釋義非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞買(mǎi)buyhave借bor

11、rowkeep到達(dá)arrivestay結(jié)婚marrybe married離開(kāi)leavebe away死diebe deadwhen表示“當(dāng).時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前、之后，也可同時(shí)發(fā)生。我們到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，正下著雪。_ when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的句型：be doing. when.be about to do.when.be on the point of doing.when.我正要出門(mén)，這時(shí)電話突然響了。I was going out when the telephone ran

12、g._吃完飯，雷切爾洗了碗并煮了咖啡。_ while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“當(dāng).時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作通常與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。我們正跳舞時(shí)，一個(gè)陌生人走了進(jìn)來(lái)。_ 他們來(lái)時(shí)我們正在吃飯。_ as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as表示“當(dāng).時(shí)；一邊.一邊”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，從句的時(shí)間概念淡化，主要表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件。 我打開(kāi)窗子時(shí)，看到一個(gè)郵遞員站在樓下。_ 隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，你就會(huì)越來(lái)越了解自己。Youll know better and better about yourself as you grow older. until/t

13、ill引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句until/till指的是某一延續(xù)性行為持續(xù)到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。主句謂語(yǔ)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)用否定句式(not.until)，主句謂語(yǔ)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)用肯定句式。我會(huì)一直等到音樂(lè)會(huì)結(jié)束。_ 我不來(lái)你不要離開(kāi)。_ since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句since引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示自某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來(lái)，主句常用完成時(shí)態(tài)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)和頻率。主句謂語(yǔ)可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞必須強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的頻率或多次、多個(gè)。自從你離開(kāi)以來(lái)，這座城市發(fā)生了很多變化。_ 自從定居美國(guó)以來(lái)，我回國(guó)兩次家。I have returned home twice since I s

14、ettled down in the US. 自結(jié)婚以來(lái)，他們過(guò)著幸福的生活。_ before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一般情況下，before表示“在.之前”，有時(shí)譯為“.之后才；沒(méi)來(lái)得及.就.”。我到之前，火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。_ 我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及開(kāi)槍?zhuān)械镍B(niǎo)就都飛走了。All the birds flew away before I started to fire. after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句after意為“在.之后”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。用完塑料袋之后，不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them a

15、bout. 工作完了之后他給我打了個(gè)電話。_ as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as soon as表示“一.就.”。由as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句需用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。他一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，就高興地跳了起來(lái)。As soon as he heard the news, he jumped for joy. 我一完成工作就跟你走。_ 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。When I get there, Ill ring you up. 我到那兒后，給你打電話。Melissa told me that as soon as she arrived, sh

16、e would ring me up. 梅利莎告訴我，她一到就給我打電話。When will you return the book to me?Ill give it to you _ I finish it.before B.until C. as soon as D. unless地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，位于主句前后均可。引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)常用的引導(dǎo)詞有where、wherever等。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于to/ in/ from the place(s) where.或to/ in/ from any place where.結(jié)構(gòu)。We live where the

17、road crosses the river. (=We live in the place where the road crosses the river.) 我們住在河流與街道交叉的地方。Make marks wherever you have questions. (= Make marks in any place where you have questions.) 在任何有問(wèn)題的地方做標(biāo)記。原因狀語(yǔ)從句在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為原因狀語(yǔ)從句。原因狀語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有because、as、since等。because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句be

18、cause意為“因?yàn)椤?，表示造成某種情況的直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，常用來(lái)回答由why提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句。Why didn t you come to my birthday party? 你為什么沒(méi)來(lái)參加我的生日聚會(huì)？_ 因?yàn)槲姨α?。He took off his coat because it was too hot in the room. 他脫去了外套，因?yàn)榉块g里太熱了。since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句since往往表示眾所周知的原因，意為“既然；由于”。since從句通常位于主句之前，其語(yǔ)氣比because弱，比as稍強(qiáng)。Since you come, wait for more time pleas

19、e. 既然你來(lái)了，請(qǐng)?jiān)俣嗟纫粫?huì)兒吧。Since you won t help me, I ll ask someone else. 既然你不肯幫我，我就去問(wèn)別人了。as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句as表示原因時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣比because和since都弱，引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句前后均可。It is difficult to know what to do, as we are not his parents. 由于我們不是他的父母，我們很難知道該做什么。由于你不在，我給你留了個(gè)口信。_目的狀語(yǔ)從句在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為目的狀語(yǔ)從句。目的狀語(yǔ)從句可置于句首、句中或句尾。常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有so tha

20、t、in order that等。so that 往往只置于句尾，但也有置于句首的，in order that常用于正式文體，可置于句首，也可置于句尾。So that everyone will notice her, she dresses like an angel. 為了讓所有的人都注意到她，她穿得像一個(gè)天使。說(shuō)話大聲點(diǎn)，以便大廳里的人都能聽(tīng)到你。_I hurried through my work in order that I could be in time for wonderful TV programmes. 我匆匆完成我的工作，以便能及時(shí)看到精彩的電視節(jié)目。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句在句

21、子中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句一般位于句尾。其引導(dǎo)詞常見(jiàn)的有so (that), so/ such. that.等。so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so that除了可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句（通常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞），還可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，that有時(shí)可省略。We arrived early in the morning, so that we caught the first time. 我們?cè)缟系降煤茉?，所以趕上了早班火車(chē)。We moved to the country, so that we were away from the noisy city. 我們搬到了鄉(xiāng)下，所以我們

22、遠(yuǎn)離了喧囂的城市。so.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so.that.的常用句型有四種，口語(yǔ)中that經(jīng)常省略。so+形容詞+that.It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game. 外面太冷了，我們不得不停止比賽。so+副詞+that.He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life. 他開(kāi)車(chē)太不小心，差點(diǎn)喪了命。so+many/few/much/little+相應(yīng)形式的名詞+that.He got so little money that his family had to live

23、 on welfare. 他工資很少，他的家人不得不靠救濟(jì)金生活。He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again. 他出了這么多錯(cuò)，以致考試又沒(méi)及格。so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that.It is so easy a question that I can work it out immediately. 這道題這么簡(jiǎn)單，我馬上就能做出來(lái)。such.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句such.that.的常用句型有四種，口語(yǔ)中that常省略。such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that.It was such a

24、 terrible day that none of us would find an excuse for going to play. 今天天氣太糟糕了，我們都找不到出去玩的理由。Miss Zhao is such a kind teacher that we all like her. 趙老師很和善，我們都喜歡她。such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that.They are such good childern that we all love them. 這些孩子很好，我們都很喜歡他們。such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that.This was such fine music that i

25、t was worth listening to twice. 這音樂(lè)太好了，值得聽(tīng)兩遍。We had such bad weather that we couldnt go out. 天氣這么糟糕，我們不能出去。特別提示！為了強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞、副詞或名詞，so/such.that.引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，可把so/such.置于句首，主句用倒裝語(yǔ)序。So excited was he that he could not fall into sleep. 他激動(dòng)得不能入睡。Such was his worry that he couldnt go on with his work. 他如此焦慮，以致不

26、能繼續(xù)工作了。I know the city _ well that I dont need to use a map to get around.A.quite B. very C. so D. such條件狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中作條件狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為條件狀語(yǔ)從句。條件狀語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有時(shí)還可置于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞為if (如果)、unless（除非）、as/so long as (只要)等。If I am free tomorrow, I will help you with your maths. 如果我明天有空，我就幫你學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。除非你快點(diǎn)，不然你就又

27、要遲到了。_As/ So long as you promising to come, Ill wait for you until you come. 只要你答應(yīng)來(lái)，我就等到你來(lái)。特別提示！在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。If the weather is terrible next week, well put off the summer camp. 如果下周天氣不好，我們將會(huì)推遲夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)。Father told me if I worked hard, he would buy me a special gift. 爸爸告訴我，如果我努力學(xué)習(xí)，

28、他會(huì)給我買(mǎi)一件特別的禮物。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中作讓步狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though比although通俗，兩者通常互換使用。though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句中不可再用but，但可用yet。Though/Although she works very hard, yet she makes very slow progress.盡管她工作很努力，但還是進(jìn)步不快。even though/even if 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，常常譯為“即使，盡管”。盡管學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)

29、程緩慢而痛苦，但結(jié)果是美好的。_Even though/ Even if you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你這么說(shuō)，我也不相信。wh-ever類(lèi)詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句wh-ever類(lèi)的詞可作問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)詞，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，常可換成“no matter+相對(duì)應(yīng)的wh-詞”，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用wh-ever。Whenever I m unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.(=No matter when I m unhappy, it is my friend who who cheers

30、 me up.)不管什么時(shí)候我不高興，總是我的朋友使我快樂(lè)起來(lái)。I ll wait for you, however late it is. (=I ll wait for you, no matter how late it is.)不管有多晚，我都會(huì)等著你。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句運(yùn)用要注意although、though不能用與but連用。Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own, _ he is only four years old. if B. though C. for D. since比較狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中作比較狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)

31、為比較狀語(yǔ)從句。比較狀語(yǔ)從句可表示差級(jí)比較和同級(jí)比較，一般位于句尾，常用as, than引導(dǎo)。There are as many people in our town as (there are) in your town. 我們鎮(zhèn)的人口和你們鎮(zhèn)的人口一樣多。He speaks English as well as you do. 他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得和你一樣好。His handwriting is not as/so good as yours (is). 他的書(shū)法不如你的好。He doesnt speak English as/so well as you do. 他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不如你好。He was

32、more successful than we had expected. 他比我們想象的要成功得多。He can earn no more money than you can. 他掙的錢(qián)和你掙得一樣不多。The month he comes to the club less often than he used to. 這個(gè)月他到俱樂(lè)部不如原來(lái)去得經(jīng)常。方式狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中作方式狀語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為方式狀語(yǔ)從句。方式狀語(yǔ)從句一般位于句尾，有時(shí)位于句中。1.as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句as表示“如同；按.的方式”Will you please do the experiment as I am doing

33、? 請(qǐng)按我正在做的方法做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)好嗎？Leave the children as they are. 讓孩子們自由隨便一些。2.as if/ as though引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大可能性，常用陳述語(yǔ)氣。She looked a bit strange, as if/ as though she knew something. 她看上去有些怪，像是知道些什么。He is a happy man as if/ as though he has no worries in the world. 他是一個(gè)很快樂(lè)的人，似乎無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮。方式狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，而

34、是主觀的想象或夸大性的比喻，通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示現(xiàn)在的情況用過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。You treat them as if/ though they were your parents. 你對(duì)待他們?nèi)缤约旱母改浮e talks about Rome as if/ though he had been there before. 他說(shuō)起羅馬來(lái)好像他以前去過(guò)羅馬似的?！緺钫Z(yǔ)從句練習(xí)】1. It has been much easier for me to go to work _ shared bikes appeared. But they also caused plenty

35、 of problems.A.since B. before C. unless D. though2.The manager of the hotel was waiting at the gate _ the guests arrived.A.while B. when C. unless D. after3.Bob, dinner is ready. Please wash your hands _ you eat.A.until B. after C. while D. before4.We dont know the love of our parents _ we become p

36、arents ourselves one day.A.until B. after C. when D. since5. Keep working hard, Linda. You will surely achieve your dream _ you dont give it up halfway. I will, thank you, Miss Li.A.since B. if C. though D. until6._ it is often cold in the mountains, you need to wear warm clothes.A.Though B. Unless C. As D. Until7._ my cousin is very young, _ she can help with the housework.A.Once; / B. Though; but C. Although; / 8.Kates dad is getting old. She will go back home to see him _ it is convenient.A.because B. whenever C.