高考英語(yǔ)人教版必修1Unit2《Englisharoundtheworld》知識(shí)與要點(diǎn)

1、話題1.English language and its development(英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言及其發(fā)展)2Different kinds of English(不同種類的英語(yǔ))功能Difficulties in language communication(語(yǔ)言交際困難)語(yǔ)法Direct Speech and Indirect Speech()：requests & commands直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)(2)：要求和命令重點(diǎn)單詞official，voyage，native，latter，base，present，actually，block，expression，identity，command，r

2、equest，fluent，fluently，frequent，recognize，accent，straight課 程 解 讀重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)because of，play a part (in)，come up，at present，be based on，such as，even if，make use of，make sense重點(diǎn)句型1.Today，more people speak English as their first，second or a foreign language than ever before.2Native English speakers can underst

3、and each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.3Believe it or not，there is not such thing as standard English.1base n基礎(chǔ)，基地vt.以為基礎(chǔ)；以做根據(jù)歸納拓展(1)base.on/upon.以某事物作為另一事物的根據(jù)，常用其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)be based on以為根據(jù)/基礎(chǔ)。base sb./sth./oneself in把某人安置在(某地工作或活動(dòng))；以為據(jù)點(diǎn)(或總部等)(2)the base of.的底部，根基，基礎(chǔ)a military/nava

4、l base軍事/海軍基地on the basis of根據(jù)；以為基礎(chǔ)(3)basement n地下室The 30yearold singer has a strong fan base in England.在英格蘭，那位三十歲的歌手有堅(jiān)實(shí)的歌迷基礎(chǔ)。One should always base ones opinions on facts.一個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)總是把想法基于事實(shí)之上。They decided to base the new company in New York.他們決定將新成立的公司總部設(shè)在紐約?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】His new story _ what happened in the

5、coal mine many years ago is the best seller this year.Abased on Bbasing onCwas based on Dwas basing on【解析】“以為基礎(chǔ)”或“以為根據(jù)”應(yīng)該是base.on，而根據(jù)句意可知his new story與base on之間應(yīng)該為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選擇A，過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾his new story。【答案】A2present(1)adj.現(xiàn)在的(作前置定語(yǔ))；出席的；到場(chǎng)的(作后置定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ))(2)n. U現(xiàn)在，目前；C禮物，贈(zèng)品(3)vt.贈(zèng)送；呈獻(xiàn)(常與介詞to或with連用)；提交；呈現(xiàn)歸納拓

6、展(1)at present現(xiàn)在；目前(now)for the present眼前；暫時(shí)(for the time beingfor the moment)make a present of sth.to sb.make sb.a present of sth.把某物贈(zèng)送給某人(2)present sb.with sth.present sth.to sb.送給某人某物(3)be present at 出席(4)presence n出席，到場(chǎng)There were 50 students present at the meeting.出席會(huì)議的有50名學(xué)生。Im not at all satis

7、fied with the present situation.我對(duì)目前的情況一點(diǎn)都不滿意。He presented the winner with a silver cup.He presented a silver cup to the winner.他把銀杯授予了獲勝者。Thirty guests were present at the ceremony.30位客人出席了典禮?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】I happen to know the man _ the meeting，so leave it to me.Apresented atBpresent atCpresentsDpresent【解析

8、】be present at“出席；在場(chǎng)”，此處用形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽take command of控制have a good command of sth.很好地掌握某事；精通某事物(尤指語(yǔ)言)(2)command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command that.(should) do.命令(that從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)The police arrived and took command of the situation.警察到達(dá)后就控制了局勢(shì)。She has a good command of French as a volunteer.作為志愿者

9、，她精通法語(yǔ)。She commanded that we (should) leave at once.她命令我們立即離開。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】What _ of Chinese Da Shan _ !Agood command；is at Ba good command；hasCgood command；have Dgood command；has【解析】have a good command of sth.“很好地掌握”，題干為 what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句?！敬鸢浮緽The army officer _ his men to fire as soon as the enemies came up.Ar

10、equested BcommandedCbegged DSuggested【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：那位軍官命令士兵們等敵人一走近就開火射擊。command意為“命令，指揮”；而request意為“請(qǐng)求，要求”；beg意為“請(qǐng)求，乞求，懇求”；suggest意為“建議，暗示”。相比之下，只有command命令意義較強(qiáng)?！敬鸢浮緽4request vt.&n. 請(qǐng)求，要求歸納拓展(1)request sb.to do sth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事request sth.from /of sb.向某人索要某物request that.(should) do (虛擬語(yǔ)氣)要求It is reque

11、sted that.據(jù)要求歸納拓展(2)at sb.s requestat the request of sb.應(yīng)某人之要求by request of (sb.)照(某人的)需要；依照(某人的)請(qǐng)求；應(yīng)邀on request 一經(jīng)請(qǐng)求make (a) request for sth.需要某物Passengers are requested to show their passports.旅客們被要求出示護(hù)照。The teacher made a request that/requested that the students should be well prepared for the co

12、ming exam.老師要求學(xué)生對(duì)即將到來(lái)的考試做充分的準(zhǔn)備。We are offering these biscuits for sale again at the request of the public.應(yīng)大眾要求我們?cè)俅纬鍪圻@些餅干。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】What a pity！The pianist wouldnt listen to our request that he _ in public after his sons death.Aplay BplayedCwould play Dwas going to play【解析】request后接that同位語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

13、，即should動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。【答案】A5recognize (recognise) vt.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)歸納拓展(1)recognize ones handwriting/sb./ones voice辨出某人的字跡/認(rèn)出某人/聽出某人的聲音recognize sb./sth. by/from.根據(jù)認(rèn)出某人/物be recognized as/to be.被承認(rèn)是/公認(rèn)為It is recognized that.人們公認(rèn)(2)recognition n認(rèn)識(shí)；認(rèn)出I recognized his voice immediately on the telephone.我立即

14、從 中聽出了他的聲音。Taiwan is recognized as part of China.臺(tái)灣被公認(rèn)為是中國(guó)的一部分。It is recognized that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.人們一致認(rèn)為環(huán)境污染已經(jīng)成了人們面對(duì)的最嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題之一?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Mary，is that you？I _ you.Really？It isnt a long time since we met last time.Adidnt recognize Bhadnt

15、 recognizedChavent recognized Ddont recognize【解析】表示之前沒(méi)有認(rèn)出來(lái)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)?！敬鸢浮緼Lincoln is recognized _ one of the greatest presidents in America.Aas Bfor Cbeing Dlike【解析】be recognized as“被認(rèn)為是”。句意為：林肯被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一?！敬鸢浮緼1because of 因?yàn)椋挥捎跉w納拓展(1)because of是介詞短語(yǔ)，后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句。because是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句，表示主

16、句的根本原因。(2)due ton./pron.由于(常作表語(yǔ)，也作后置定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))thanks ton./pron.多虧；由于(只作狀語(yǔ))owing ton./pron.由于(常作狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ))on account ofn./pron.(作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，但不作定語(yǔ))She didnt take part in our party because she was ill/because of her illness.因?yàn)樯?，她沒(méi)有參加我們的聚會(huì)。They decided to postpone the trip，owing to the change of the weather.由于天氣變化，

17、他們決定延期啟程。The teams success was largely due to her efforts.這個(gè)隊(duì)的成功在很大程度上是她努力的結(jié)果。That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏鍛煉。誘導(dǎo)展望(1)due to 一般不可位于句首，如果放在句首，要用 because of 或 owing to 來(lái)代替，此時(shí) because of，owing to 作狀語(yǔ)。(2)thanks to可以表達(dá)正面意思，“幸虧”，也可用于諷刺口吻中(近于諷刺口吻的“感謝”)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】He was late not only _ his illnes

18、s but also _ he missed the train.Abecause；for Bbecause of；becauseCfor；because of Dbecause of；because of【解析】because of 后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)，because 后跟從句，故應(yīng)選B?！敬鸢浮緽2come up(1)(人)走近；靠近；接近；上來(lái)；出現(xiàn)(2)(太陽(yáng)、月亮等)升起(3)被提出，提及(主語(yǔ)是被提出的內(nèi)容，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(4)(尤指意想不到地)發(fā)生(5)發(fā)芽，長(zhǎng)出地面歸納拓展come about發(fā)生(happen)；產(chǎn)生come back回來(lái)；記起；重新流行come up with提

19、出；找到(答案)；產(chǎn)生(主語(yǔ)是“提出者”，with后面的賓語(yǔ)才是被提出的內(nèi)容)come along 進(jìn)展；進(jìn)步；進(jìn)行；一道來(lái)come out 顯露；結(jié)果是；出版(be published)；真相大白come to 共計(jì)；達(dá)到；蘇醒；談到He came up to me and said hello to me.他走過(guò)來(lái)向我問(wèn)好。The sun came up.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.我想出一條建議，很快這條建議在會(huì)上被提出來(lái)了。The flowers are just beginni

20、ng to come up.那些水仙花剛剛開始發(fā)芽?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Its very cool here.Why dont you _ ?Acome to Bcome upCcome into Dcome up to【解析】句意為：這里很涼爽，你為什么不走過(guò)來(lái)呢？come to “共計(jì)，達(dá)到，蘇醒”；come up “(人)走近；被提出”；come into (sth.)“繼承，得到(遺產(chǎn))”；come up to (sth.) “達(dá)到(某點(diǎn))”。根據(jù)題意可知答案為B。【答案】BTom and his dad thought about the problem for a long time，bu

21、t still couldnt _ a solution.Acome over Bget along withCcome out Dcome up with【解析】come up with 意為“想出(計(jì)劃)”，符合題意。come over “過(guò)來(lái)；順便來(lái)訪”；get along with “與相處”；come out “出版”。【答案】D3such as/for example/that is/and so on歸納拓展(1)such as用來(lái)列舉一類事物，放在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as之后不用逗號(hào)(列舉部分事例)。(2)for example作為獨(dú)立語(yǔ)插入句中，它的位置很靈活，可用

22、在所舉例子(通常是一個(gè)或少數(shù)幾個(gè))的前面或后面(列舉部分事例)。(3)that is用來(lái)列舉全部事例，放在被列舉事例前面，并用逗號(hào)隔開，相當(dāng)于namely。(4)and so on 表示“等等，諸如”之意。當(dāng)前面列舉幾個(gè)并列成分以后，用 and so on 加以概括并對(duì)尚未列舉的事物進(jìn)行省略。Many of the programs are well received，such as Follow me，F(xiàn)ollow me to science.其中有許多節(jié)目很受歡迎，如跟我學(xué)、跟我學(xué)科學(xué)。A number of other plants were found in America，for e

23、xample，beans.在美國(guó)還發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多別的作物，比如豆子。I have three good friends，that is/namely，John，Jack and Tom.我有三個(gè)好朋友，即約翰、杰克和湯姆。You can find frogs，snakes and so on sleeping under mud in winter.冬天你會(huì)看到青蛙、蛇等一些動(dòng)物在泥土中冬眠。誘導(dǎo)展望區(qū)別上述短語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵是：判斷是列舉部分事例還是列舉全部事例；在句中的位置。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in s

24、pace technology，China，_.Asuch as Bfor exampleCnamely Dand so on【解析】句意為：許多國(guó)家在太空技術(shù)方面取得了杰出的成就，比如中國(guó)。such as用于列舉時(shí)應(yīng)放在被列舉的事物之前，而for example作為插入語(yǔ)可以放在句首、句中或句末，故正確答案為B。namely“那就是”，用于列舉出全部；and so on意為“諸如此類，等等”，用于列舉未盡，相當(dāng)于and so forth?！敬鸢浮緽4play a part (in.)(在中)扮演某個(gè)角色；(在中)起作用，相當(dāng)于play a role (in.)。歸納拓展play an imp

25、ortant part/role in在中起重要作用play the leading role/part起主要作用play the role/part of(在劇中)扮演(某個(gè))角色He played a leading part in the movement.他在那次運(yùn)動(dòng)中起了重要作用。He will play the role/part of the doctor in my latest drama.他將在我最新的戲里扮演醫(yī)生的角色。The UN plays an important role/part in international relations.聯(lián)合國(guó)在國(guó)際關(guān)系方面扮演著重

26、要的角色/起著重要的作用?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Have you really realized the part the computer has _ in the daily life?Amade Bgiven Ccaused Dplayed【解析】考查play a part in短語(yǔ)。the computer has played in the daily life為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the part，引導(dǎo)詞that或which省略。【答案】D5Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the s

27、ame kind of English.以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。even ifeven though“即使；盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。歸納拓展(1)even if/ though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，若主、從句皆表示將來(lái)的情況，從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。(2)even now 意為“即使在現(xiàn)在；盡管這樣”even then “即使那時(shí)，盡管那樣”even so “雖然如此” She wont attend such parties even if/though she is invited.即使她被邀請(qǐng)她也不會(huì)參加這些宴會(huì)。Ill complete

28、the task in time even if/though I work overnight.即使我得通宵達(dá)旦地工作，也要及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。鏈接訓(xùn)練】Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，_ they knew it to be valuable.Aas if Bnow thatCeven though Dso that【解析】考查從句連詞的使用。even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管”，句意為：盡管他們知道他的建議很有價(jià)值，但許多人都不理會(huì)。as if“好像”；now that“既然”；so that“以便，以至于”?！敬鸢浮緾

29、Mr.Brown is the man you can rely on；trust me，_ I have opposed him.Aas if Bso thatCeven though Dwhile【解析】even though“盡管，即使”，符合句意。句意為：布朗先生是你可以信賴的人；相信我，盡管我曾經(jīng)反對(duì)過(guò)他?！敬鸢浮緾6Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。(1)believe it or not信不信由你believe it or not在句中常用作插入語(yǔ)。這句

30、口語(yǔ)用在說(shuō)話者要告訴對(duì)方一件事，但這件事連說(shuō)話者自己都覺(jué)得難以置信，所以在告訴對(duì)方這件事之前，先加一句believe it or not。Believe it or not，another typhoon is coming.信不信由你，又有一場(chǎng)臺(tái)風(fēng)要來(lái)了。Whats going on？發(fā)生了什么事？Believe it or not，we won the game.信不信由你，我們竟然贏了比賽。(2)no such thing 沒(méi)有這樣的事情such“如此的，這樣的”，當(dāng)such用于此義與a/an連用時(shí)要放在a/an的前面；如果such 與 all，no，some，any，few，littl

31、e，many，much，several，one 等連用時(shí)，應(yīng)位于它們的后面，構(gòu)成“no/all/one/many/few/.such名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中no/onesuch可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞前的不定冠詞應(yīng)省略。There are many such rooms here，so I cant find out which one is mine.這里有許多這樣的房間，因此我找不到哪個(gè)是我自己的了。One such book is enough.這樣的書一本就夠了?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Jerry looks dumb，but _，hes the smartest boy in our class.Aas

32、 a result Bgenerally speakingCbelieve it or not Dat last【解析】句意為：杰瑞看起來(lái)傻乎乎的，但信不信由你，他是我們班最聰明的男孩。as a result“結(jié)果是”；generally speaking“一般來(lái)說(shuō)”；at last“最終”，這三個(gè)短語(yǔ)都不能正確表達(dá)前后句的邏輯關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮緾許多這樣的事故以前發(fā)生過(guò)。(翻譯句子)_【答案】Many such accidents have happened before.直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)(二)祈使句變間接引語(yǔ)的用法1直接引語(yǔ)如果是肯定的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式作賓

33、語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，并在動(dòng)詞不定式之前用tell(讓)，ask(請(qǐng))，order(命令)，command(命令)，warn(警告)，advise(建議)等含有祈使意義的動(dòng)詞。即：tell/ask/order/command sb.to do sth.。若祈使句為否定式，在動(dòng)詞不定式之前加not。這樣，句型變?yōu)閠ell/ask/order/command sb.not to do sth.的形式?！癏urry up.” he said.He told me to hurry up.He said to them，“Dont go out.”He ordered them not to go out.2有些

34、表建議、要求或勸告的祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用suggest，insist，offer等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述，此時(shí)要注意這些詞的固定搭配。He said，“Lets go to the museum.”He suggested that we (should) go to the museum.3直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)可以用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。She said，“What a lovely day it is！”She said what a lovely day it was.(或：She said that it was a lovely day.)注意：有些感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)述要根據(jù)原句的意思采用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞變?yōu)殛愂鼍??！癏appy Ne