高中英語選擇性必修一 第一單元限時練（解析版）

1、人教（2019）版高中英語選擇性必修第一冊第一單元限時練時間：100分鐘 分值：120第一部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié) (共8小題；每小題4分，滿分32分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑AIt can be tough to pull kids away from their computers and mobile devices these days. While theyre playing games, wouldnt it be great if they could be learning at the sam

2、e time? Good educational apps offer fun challenges that teach specific grade-level skills. Here are four that combine fun and learning.Understanding Math ($3.99; iOS)Understanding Math goes beyond basic comprehension to gain a deeper understanding of the whys and hows of math. The app tracks your ch

3、ilds progress to determine strengths and weaknesses in different skill areas, and you can customize(改制）your childs learning experience to suit the needs .Word Creativity Kit ($2.99; iOS)Word Creativity Kit aims not only to make creative writing fun but also build up grammar rules. The app presents a

4、 series of words from seven categories, such as space or fantasy. Kids add their own words to finish the complete thoughts that these words have inspired.Barefoot World Atlas ($4.99; iOS)Barefoot World Atlas helps kids learn about geography and world cultures with a touch of the screen. Each region

5、features a set of subtopics from wildlife and natural features to native , andarchitecture . These facts and illustrations are delivered in photographs ,sounds, and hundreds of mini videos.My Grades & Homework (80.99; iOS)A combination of grades and homework tracker, My Grades &Homework can help you

6、r child stay organized and on top of the progress in school. A convenient calendar and course list format offer a glance at your childs assignment schedule that he or she might not normally get from standard homework planners.1.Which app is beneficial to childrens writing skills?A. Understanding Mat

7、h.B.Word Creativity Kit.C.Barefoot World Atlas.D. My Grades & Homework.2. What do the four apps have in common?A. They need purchasing when downloading.B. They help children improve their grades.C. They make studies fun by mini-videos.D. They inform parents of their childrens progress.3. What is the

8、 purpose of the text?A. To ask readers to bring in more similar apps for children.B.To encourage parents to allow their children to play games.C. To design educational apps combining fun and learning.D. To introduce four educational apps for readers to buy and use.【1.答案】B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Word Creativit

9、y Kit 部分中的第一句話“Word Creativity Kit aims not only to make creative writing fun but also build up grammar rules.可知，應(yīng)選B項?！?.答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四個小標(biāo)題后括號里的內(nèi)容可知，四個應(yīng)用程序都需要付費(fèi)才能下載，故選A項。【3.答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Here are four that combine fun and learning.可知，作者寫本篇文章的目的是給讀者介紹四個寓教于樂的應(yīng)用程序。BNot very long ago, the q

10、uestion would have seemed absurd. Now it is on the lips of respected scientists; MPs（議員）are beginning to talk of “a war on sugar”, and even Englands chief medical officer has said sugar may have to be, like the old enemy tobacco, taxed in order to protect the nations health. There came a time in the

11、 evolution of public attitudes to smoking, when the doctors had been shouting for long enough that the public was broadly aware of the risks and the only question left for Government was: What should we do about it?Some believe we are now at the same point in our attitudes to sugar. Otherslargely bu

12、t not only representatives of the food and drink industrysay the entire debate has been skewed（歪曲）by those who spread stories deliberately to make people nervous. More or less everyone agrees that eating too much sugar is bad for you. There is also no doubt obesity is a growing problem which is putt

13、ing a significant, avoidable burden on the NHS by increasing the rates of diabetes, heart disease and other long-term conditions.But to what extent is sugarrather than saturated fats, or salt, carbohydrates or proteins, or any of the other devils of modern dietsthe cause of obesity and how much shou

14、ld we worry about it?Yesterday, hopes of achieving anything resembling clarity from the World Health Organization（WHO）were confused once again, which, widely expected to reduce the recommended sugar intake by a half in new draft guidance, instead said it would continue to recommend that sugar make u

15、p no more than 10 percent of the energy we consume, while adding that cutting this to five percent would have “additional benefits”. The decision will now go out to public consultation.Simon Capewell, professor of the University of Liverpool, said that he suspected “dirty work” on the part of food a

16、nd drinks companies might lie behind the WHOs less than resounding（強(qiáng)有力的）message.4. What does the author indicate by referring to smoking?A. People must see the disadvantages of sugar immediately.B. It is not easy for authorities to restrict or ban something.C. Sugar has just turned out to be as harm

17、ful as smoking.D. It is easy for people to see bad effects of something.5. WHO has changed its idea mainly because_.A. it thinks the danger of sugar to health is emphasized too muchB. it has been put under pressure by food and drinks companiesC. it believes certain amount of intake of sugar does us

18、goodD. it finds it safe to take in as much sugar as people do now6. When reporting the argument about sugar, the author seems to_.A. remain objectiveB. stand by those against itC. believe it harmlessD. hold the view of “wait-and-see”7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Is

19、Sugar the New Evil?B. How Much Sugar Do You Take Daily?C. Is Sugar to Be Taxed?D. How Much Do You Know about Sugar?【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A【解析】這是一篇說明文。如今人們認(rèn)為糖分的攝入會對身體造成危害，但是對于攝入量的多少并不確定，人們對于糖分的態(tài)度也各有不同。4. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“MPs（議員）are beginning to talk of “a war on sugar”（議員們開始談?wù)摗皩μ堑膽?zhàn)爭”）可知，議員們認(rèn)為限制糖是非常困難

20、的，根據(jù)“even Englands chief medical officer has said sugar may have to be, like the old enemy tobacco, taxed in order to protect the nations health”（就連英國的首席醫(yī)療官也說，為了保護(hù)國民的健康，糖可能也要像煙草那樣被征稅）可知，糖和煙草一樣，再根據(jù)第二段第一句“There came a time in the evolution of public attitudes to smoking, when the doctors had been shou

21、ting for long enough that the public was broadly aware of the risks”（公眾對吸煙的態(tài)度出現(xiàn)了一段時間的演變，當(dāng)時醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)大聲疾呼了足夠長的時間，公眾對吸煙的風(fēng)險有了廣泛的認(rèn)識）可知，轉(zhuǎn)變公眾對吸煙的態(tài)度是需要非常長的時間的努力的，非常艱難。所以此處提到吸煙是為了表明對當(dāng)局來說，限制或禁止某事并不容易。故選B。4 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒第二段第一句中的“while adding that cutting this to five percent would have “additional benefits”（同時補(bǔ)充說，削減到5

22、%會有“額外的好處”）可知，WHO改變主意主要是因為它認(rèn)為一定量的糖對我們有益。故選C。6. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“More or less everyone agrees that eating too much sugar is bad for you. There is also no doubt obesity is a growing problem which is putting a significant, avoidable burden on the NHS by increasing the rates of diabetes, heart disease and ot

23、her long-term conditions.（或多或少每個人都同意吃太多的糖對你不好。毫無疑問，肥胖是一個日益嚴(yán)重的問題，它增加了糖尿病、心臟病和其他長期疾病的發(fā)病率，給NHS帶來了一個可避免的重大負(fù)擔(dān)。）”可知，在報道關(guān)于糖的爭論時，作者似乎站在那些反對它的人一邊。故選B。7. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第五段“But to what extent is sugarrather than saturated fats, or salt, carbohydrates or proteins, or any of the other devils of modern dietsthe

24、 cause of obesity and how much should we worry about it?”（但是，在多大程度上，是糖而不是飽和脂肪、鹽、碳水化合物或蛋白質(zhì)，或任何其他現(xiàn)代飲食中的魔鬼導(dǎo)致了肥胖？我們應(yīng)該對它有多大的擔(dān)憂?）可知，作者表述了反對糖和支持糖的人的觀點，討論糖是否是新的飲食中的魔鬼。故選A。CIn the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost

25、 his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which tal

26、ks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling toa strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorf

27、ul English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Buk

28、hara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬禮）followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes his

29、torical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a piece ofreportage. Whatever it is, the r

30、esult is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.8.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A. His friends invitation.B. His interest in the country.C. His love for teaching.D. His desire to regain health.9 . What does the underlined word that in paragraph 2 refer to

31、?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan?A. Romantic. B. Eventful.C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.11.What is

32、 the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book.B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.C. To remember a writer.D. To recommend a travel destination.【8答案】B【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第三句中的still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan可知，出于對烏茲別克斯坦這個國家的興趣，他回到了這里，故B項符合題意?！?.答案】D【解析】考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第一段第三句中的still a

33、ttracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea可知，Tom回到烏茲別克斯坦的目的本來是寫一篇關(guān)于咸海是如何消失的文章。畫線詞that指代上文中提到的“寫文章”這件事?！?0.答案】B【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段尤其是第一句中的made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society可知Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦的旅行充滿了變故。eve

34、ntful意為”充滿大事的，多變故的”，符合文意。A項在文中沒有體現(xiàn)，C項與D項表述片面，故選B?！?1.答案】A【解析】考查寫作意圖。文章開頭引出Tom Bissell寫書的背景，從第二段到最后一段分別介紹了這本書的概要、主要內(nèi)容和對這本書的評價，即全文圍繞著這本書展開，目的就是向讀者推薦這本書，所以選A項。DThe problem of robocalls has got so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know. By next year, half of the cal

35、ls we receive will be scams(欺詐）. We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, its too little and too late. By the time thesesolutionsbecome widely available

36、, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulations(處理）,and

37、automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this years Googles I/O conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detecti

38、on.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(數(shù)據(jù)泄露）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name

39、, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tricking you intoconfirmingy

40、our address,mothers name,and card number.Scammers follow the money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the inse

41、cure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether

42、and moving toward data-based communications-using like FaceTime Audio or WhatsApp,which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out .12. How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocall

43、s?A . Frightened . B. Confused.C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.13. Taking advantage of the new technologies, what can scammers do?A. Aim at victims precisely.B.Damage databases easily.C.Start campaigns rapidly.D. Spread information widely.14.What does the passage imply?A.Honesty is the best policy.B.T

44、echnologies can be double-edged.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key to development.15. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC.Why Robocalls Are About t

45、o Get More DangerousD.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology【12答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Unfortunately,its too little and too late. By the time these solutions become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可知，作者認(rèn)為這些解決方案太少，出現(xiàn)得也太晚，人們無法及時應(yīng)對詐騙，由此可知作者對它們的態(tài)度是“失望的”，故選D項?！?3答

46、案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.可知，自動語音電話讓人頭疼的原因更在于它的精準(zhǔn)度而不是數(shù)量；再根據(jù)后文的“A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name and far more.可知，欺詐者可以獲取個人信息數(shù)據(jù)。由此可知，

47、新技術(shù)可以幫助欺詐者精準(zhǔn)地進(jìn)行欺詐，故選A項?！?4答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“At this years Googles I/O conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.可知，此處指出了聲音技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢；第三段中的“These develo

48、pments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.又指出，這一技術(shù)上的發(fā)展會讓現(xiàn)存的問題更糟糕。由此可知，這種聲音技術(shù)有兩面性，是一把雙刃劍，故選B項。.【15答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。文章在第一段引出話題自動語音電話會給人們帶來危害；第二段和第三段闡述產(chǎn)生危害的原因；第四段闡述了減輕相關(guān)危害的方法；最后一段指出信任是很難獲得又很容易失去的東西，而由此引發(fā)的相關(guān)問題也會更加難以解決。整篇文章都是在逐步闡述自動語音電話愈發(fā)危險的狀況，故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，

49、從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Every day, we are faced with challenges and uncertainties. While these are things that are out of our control, we can most certainly control how we react and feel in such situations.16. Optimism is a simple yet powerful mindset that can affect us in many ways.An opt

50、imist will be more committed towards his goals. When some people set a goal they dont account for the problems they run into. They view them as barriers that cant he removed. This is why the minute something doesnt go as planned they start to shrink and give up.17. In fact, an optimistic person will

51、 merely look at the problems as new experiences and new possibilities. He understands that failure is just part of the process and welcomes it with open arms.18. A survey conducted by Gallup found that only 35 percent of US managers are occupied in their jobs. This lack of devotion and its influence

52、 on employees costs the US approximately $77 billion to $96 billion each year. Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees. 19. Above all, optimism offers a healthier and longer life. A study from the University of Pittsburgh concluded that those who have an optimistic viewpoint have a 30 p

53、ercent lower risk of heart disease. 20 Additionally, research published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that optimists are less likely to experience disabilities as they get older and end up living longer.In life, movement and growth is important and necessary, which optimism helps

54、 us achieve.A. They see failure as a new start.B. We can learn to keep optimistic.C. Optimists also spread a good atmosphere.D. They think about possible positive outcomes.E.Thats because they are generally happier and less stressed.F.On the other hand, an optimistic person is more open to problems.

55、G.Similarly, having a positive attitude can inspire everyone around us.【答案】16. B 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. E【解析】本文是一篇說明文，講述了樂觀是一種簡單而有力的心態(tài)，可以在許多方面影響我們。16. 根據(jù)空格前一句“While these are things that are out of our control, we can most certainly control how we react and feel in such situations.(雖然這些都是我們無法控制的事情，但我

56、們可以很肯定地控制我們在這種情況下的反應(yīng)和感受)”可知，我們雖然有很多不能控制的事情，但是卻能控制我們的反映和感受；再結(jié)合文章下文“Optimism is a simple yet powerful mindset that can affect us in many ways.(樂觀是一種簡單而有力的心態(tài)，可以在許多方面影響我們)”可知，空格處應(yīng)該引入樂觀這一主題。B項We can learn to keep optimistic(我們可以學(xué)習(xí)樂觀)引出樂觀這個主題。故選B。17. 根據(jù)空格前“When some people set a goal they dont account for

57、 the problems they run into. They view them as barriers that cant he removed. This is why the minute something doesnt go as planned they start to shrink and give up.(當(dāng)一些人設(shè)定目標(biāo)時，他們沒有考慮他們遇到的問題。他們將其視為無法消除的障礙。這就是為什么一旦事情沒有按計劃進(jìn)行，他們就會開始退縮和放棄)”可知，有些人在制定目標(biāo)時沒有考慮會存在的問題，所以會經(jīng)常放棄。然后結(jié)合空格后“In fact, an optimistic per

58、son will merely look at the problems as new experiences and new possibilities.(事實上，樂觀的人只會把這些問題看成是新的經(jīng)歷和新的可能性)”可知，空格處應(yīng)該陳述樂觀主義者在遇到問題時該怎么辦。F項On the other hand, an optimistic person is more open to problems(另一方面，樂觀的人更容易面對問題)陳述了樂觀者面對問題的態(tài)度，承上啟下。故選F。18. 根據(jù)下文“A survey conducted by Gallup found that only 35 p

59、ercent of US managers are occupied in their jobs. This lack of devotion and its influence on employees costs the US approximately $77 billion to $96 billion each year. Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees.(蓋洛普公司開展的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國只有35%的經(jīng)理在專心工作。這種缺乏奉獻(xiàn)精神及其對員工的影響每年使美國損失約770億至960億美元。樂觀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以幫助激

60、勵他們的員工)”可知，在公司中，如果領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是個樂觀的人，公司的效益會很好。相反地，如果領(lǐng)導(dǎo)缺乏奉獻(xiàn)精神那么會造成巨大的損失。由此推知，本段主要在講述，在公司之中需要良好的氛圍，這樣可以帶動大家。C項Optimists also spread a good atmosphere(樂觀主義者也傳播了一種良好的氛圍)滿足本段段意。故選C。19. 根據(jù)空格前一句“Optimistic leaders can help motivate their employees(樂觀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以幫助激勵他們的員工)”可知，此處在陳述樂觀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會帶動他的員工。由此推知，下文應(yīng)該講述樂觀的人也會帶動周圍的人。G項Si