高考閱讀真題

1、2015年高考英語閱讀理解題及答案（9套）Ourbrainsworkincomplexandstrangearesomepeoplewhocancalculatethedayoftheweekforanygivendatein40,000years,butwhocannotaddtwopluscanperformcomplexclassicalpianopiecesafterhearingthemonce,buttheycannotreadorwrite.Downfirstdescribedthisconditionincalledthesepeopleidiotidiotsavantisap

2、ersonwhohassignificantmentalimpairment（損傷）,suchasinautism（孤獨癥，自閉癥）orthesametime,thepersonalsoexhibitssomeextraordinaryskills,whichareunusualformostskillsofthesavantmayvaryfrombeingexceptionallygiftedinmusicorinmathematics,orhavingaphotographicmemory.Oneofthefirstdescriptionsofahumanwhocouldcalculate

3、quicklywaswrittenin1789byRush,anAmericanpatient,ThomasFuller,wasbroughttoVirginiaasaslavetookThomasonly90secondstoworkoutthatamanwhohaslived70years,17days,and12hourshaslived2,210,500,800thisability,hediedin1790withouteverlearningtoreadorwrite.AnotheridiotsavantslavebecamefamousasapianistintheTomhada

4、vocabularyofonly100words,butheplayed5,000musicalpiecesbeautifully.IntheexcellentmovieRainMan,madein1988andavailableonvideocassette,DustinHoffmanplaysanidiotsavantwhoamazeshisbrotherplayedbyTomCruise,withhisabilitytoperformcomplexcalculationsveryrapidly.Todaywemoreclearlyrecognizethattheidiotsavantis

5、specialbecauseofbrainnotallbrainimpairmentleadstosavantstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohavepurposefulinterruptionoftheleftsideofthebraincandevelopidiotsavantfewpeoplewishtoparticipateinsucharemanyexcellentreasonsfornotundergoingunnecessaryexperimentationononestermidiotsavantisoutdatedandallsavantshavea

6、highdegreeofintelligenceandarethusnotidiots.doesthepassagemainlytalkabout?savantshaveareasofoutstandingabilities.Beingshavecomplicatedthinkingprocess.brainsoftheidiotsavantsarepartlyimpaired.reasonswhypeoplehavewonderfulskillsvary.ofthefollowingcanbedonebyRainMan?canplaywonderfulpiecesofclassicalmus

7、ic.canguessoutexactlythelengthofamanslife.canmemorizethecontentsofthepicturesfast.cancountmatchesdroppedonthefloorquickly.canyouinferfromthepassage?savantshaverealtalentsforartandmath.isthefirstpersonwhofoundidiotsavants.peoplewishtoriskbecomingsavantsbybrainoperations.leftbrainimpairmentswillsurely

8、leadtoidiotsavants.ofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?答案：7275ADCBLawsthatwouldhaveensuredpupilsfromfiveto16receivedafullfinancialeducationgotlostinthewashup.Anapplicationiscallingonthenextgovernmenttobringitback.Atschoolthechildrenaretaughttoaddupandsubtract（減法）but,extraordinarily,arenotrou

9、tinelyshownhowtoopenabankaccountletalonehowtomanagetheirfinancesinanincreasinglycomplexanddemandingworld.TodaytheparentingwebsiteMumsnetandtheconsumercampaignerMartinLewishavejoinedforcestolaunchanonlineapplicationtomakefinancialeducationacompulsoryelementoftheschoolcurriculuminEngland.Childrenfromf

10、iveto16shouldbetaughtabouteverythingfrompocketmoneytopensions,theysay.AndthatwasexactlytheplanpreservedintheChildren,SchoolsandFamiliesbillthatwasshelvedbythegovernmentintheso-called“wash-up”earlierthismonththerushtolegislationbeforeparliamentwasdismissed.Consumerandparentgroupsbelievefinancialeduca

11、tionhasalwaysbeenoneofthemostfrustratingomissionsofthecurriculum.AsthePersonalFinanceEducationGroup（Pfeg）pointsout,thegoodhabitsofyoungchildrendonotlastlong.Over75%ofseven-to11-year-oldsaresaversbutbythetimetheygetto17,overhalfofthemareindebttofamilyandfriends.Bythisage,26%seeacreditcardoroverdraft（

12、透支）asawayofextendingtheirspendingpower.Pfegpredictsthattheseyoungpeoplewill“finditmuchhardertoavoidtheseriousunexpecteddangersthathavebefallenmanyoftheirparentsgenerationunlesstheyreceivegoodqualityfinancialeducationwhileatschool.”TheUKhasbeenintheworstfinancialrecession（衰退）forgenerations.Itdoesseem

13、oddthatunlessparentsstepinyoungpeopleareleftinthedarkuntiltheyarecruellyintroducedtotheworldofdebtwhentheyturnupatuniversity.Inarecentpollofover8,000people,97%supportedfinancialeducationinschools,while3%saiditwasajobforparents.Thepassageismainlyabout.howtomanageschoollessonshowtodealwiththefinancial

14、crisisteachingyoungpeopleaboutmoneyteachingstudentshowtostudyeffectivelyItcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat.theauthorcomplainsabouttheschooleducationpupilsshouldnotbetaughttoaddupandsubtractstudentshavebeentaughttomanagetheirfinanceslawsonfinancialeducationhavebeeneffectivelycarriedoutThewe

15、bsiteandtheconsumercampaignerjoinedto.instructthepupilstodonatetheirpocketmoneypromotetheconnectionofschoolsandfamiliesaskthegovernmenttodismisstheparliamentappealforthecurriculumoffinancialeducationAccordingtoPfeg,.itiseasytokeepgoodhabitslongteenagersspendtheirmoneyasplannedparentsarewillingtopayt

16、hedebtfortheirkidsitwillbeintroubleiftheteenagersareleftaloneApollismentionedto.stressthenecessityofthecurriculumreformshowtheseriousnessofthefinancialrecessionmakethereadersawareofburdenoftheparentsillustratesomepeoplearestronglyagainsttheproposal答案：61-65CADDAuropeansshouldtrytostayindoorsifashfrom

17、Icelandsvolcanostartssettling,theWorldHealthOrganizationwarnedFridayassmallamountsfellinIceland,ScotlandandNorway.WHOspokesmanDanielEpsteinsaidthemicroscopic（微小的）ashispotentiallydangerousforpeoplewhenitstartstoreachtheEarthbecauseinhaled（吸入）particlescanenterthelungsandcauserespiratoryproblems.Andhea

18、lsosaidEuropeanswhogooutsidemightwanttoconsiderwearingamask.Otherexperts,however,werentconvincedthevolcanicashwouldhaveamajoreffectonpeopleshealthandsaidWHOswarningswerehysterical.Theysaidvolcanicashwasmuchlessdangerousthancigarettesmokeorpollution.Volcanicashismadeoffineparticlesoffragmentedvolcani

19、crock.Itislightgraytoblackandcanbeasfineastalcumpowder.Duringavolcaniceruption,theashcanbebreatheddeepintothelungsandcauseirritationeveninhealthypeople.ButonceitfallsfromagreaterdistancelikefromthecloudcurrentlyhoveringaboveEuropeitshealtheffectsareoftenminimal,expertssay.Notallparticlesarecreatedeq

20、ual,saidKenDonaldson,aprofessorofrespiratorytoxicologyattheUniversityofEdinburgh,Inthegreatschemeofthings,volcanicashisnotallthatharmful.AndhesaidmostEuropeansexposuretovolcanicashwouldbenegligibleandthatonlythoseintheneardistrictsoftheIcelandicvolcanowouldlikelybeatrisk.Dr.StephenSpiro,aprofessorof

21、respiratorymedicineanddeputychairoftheBritishLungFoundation,saidthefurthertheparticlestravel,thelessdangeroustheywillbe.ThecloudhasalreadypassedovernorthernScotlandandwehaventheardofanyilleffectsthere,hesaid.Spirosaidtowearmasksorstayindoorstoavoidvolcanicashwasoverthetopandabithysterical.Thetextism

22、ainlyabout.theeffectofvolcanicashthehealthriskofvolcanicashthedisadvantagesofvolcanicashtheopinionsonhealthriskofvolcanicashWhichoneistrueaccordingtoParagraph3?ThevolcanicashseffectsonEuropeanswerelittle.Theashcausedirritationeveninhealthypeople.OtherexpertsthoughtWTOSwarningswereuseful.Thevolcanica

23、shwasmoredangerousthancigarettesmokeorpollution.Theunderlinedword“hysterical”inParagraph4mostprobablymeans.A.amazingB.practicalC.valuableD.overstatedWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Thevolcanicashwouldntbeharmfultopeople.Allexpertsthoughtthevolcanicashdidgreatharmtoourhealth.Peopleclosetothevolcanowould

24、likelybeatriskaccordingtosomeexperts.D.EuropeansshouldstayindoorsbecauseIcelandsvolcanostartssettling.答案：.主旨大意題。本文主要就火山灰對人的健康的危害問題世衛(wèi)組織和其他專家給出不同觀點。A太籠統(tǒng)；B不能體現(xiàn)不同的觀點；C與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)；D符合題意。A.細節(jié)理解題。第三段最后一句可知A是正確的；由第三段中Duringavolcaniceruptioninhealthypeople.可知B錯誤;由第三段中Otherexperts,however,werentconvincedcigarette

25、smokeorpollution可排除CD。D.詞義猜測題。由上文中volcanicashisnotallthatharmful和下文中onlythoseinthenearvicinityoftheIcelandicvolcanowouldlikelybeatrisk可知D正確,夸大的，言過其實的。由第三段Butonceitfallsfromagreaterdistance.effectsareoftenminimal和第四段中onlythoseinthenearvicinityoftheIcelandicvolcanowouldlikelybeatrisk以及第五段中thefurtherth

26、eparticlestravel,themoredilutedandlessdangeroustheywillbe可知C正確。ABD觀點表達絕對。Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmanandanimalspossessiftheyareused.Iffiredidnthurtwhenitburned,childrenwouldplaywithituntiltheirhandswereburnedaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnt,achildcouldburnitselfa

27、gainandagainbecausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburntitbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldierandsomedoexistisnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmanandanimalsmightsoondieout.Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearou

28、ghttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,youarelettingfearruleyoutoomuch.Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinstead,tousefearasyourservantandguide.Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inman

29、ycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactiontoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youseeacarcomingstraighttowardsyou;fearwarnsyou,youjumpoutoftheway,andalliswell.Insomecases,however,youdecidethatthereisnothingthatyoucandotoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youcannotpreventanairplanecrashingintoyourhouse,andyoumaynotwant

30、togoandliveinadesertwheretherearenoairplanes.Inthiscase,fearhasgivenyouitswarning,youhaveexamineditanddecidedonyourcourseofaction,sofearoftheparticulardangerisnolongerofanyusetoyou,andyouhavetotrytoovercomeit.Childrenwouldplaywithfireuntiltheirhandsareburntawayif.A.theywerenotwelleducatedatschoolB.t

31、heyhadneverplayedwithfirebeforeC.theyhadnosenseofpainD.theywerefearfulofpainPeoplesometimessucceedintimelyavoidingdangerbecause.A.theyhavegainedexperienceB.theyarewarnedofthedangerandtakequickactionC.theyjumpoutofthewayintimeD.theyarecalminfaceofdangerWhatisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassage?A.Toomuchf

32、earisharmfulB.FearisalwayssomethinghelpfulC.FearissomethingthatcanbeavoidedD.FearoughttobeusedasourguideinourlifeThebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe.NoPains,NoGainsB.PainandActionsC.TheValueofFearD.TheReasonWhyPeopleFear答案：6063CBACImagineamassoffloatingwasteistwotimesthesizeofthestateofTexas.Texashas

33、alandareaofmorethan678000squarekilometers.Soitmightbedifficulttoimagineanythingtwiceasbig.Alltogether,thismassofwasteflowingintheNorthPacificOceanisknownastheGreatPacificOceanGarbagePatch.Itweighsabout3500000tons.Thewasteincludesbags，bottlesandcontainersplasticproductsofallkinds.TheeasternpartoftheG

34、reatPacificOceanGarbagePatchisaboutl600kilometerswestofCalifornia.ThewesternpartiswestoftheHawaiianIslandsandeastofJapan.Theareahasbeendescribedasakindofoceanicdesert，withlightwindsandslowmovingwatercurrents.Thewatermovessoslowthatgarbagefromallovertheworldcollectsthere.Inrecentyears，therehavebeengr

35、owingconcernsaboutthefloatinggarbageanditseffectonseacreaturesandhumanhealth.Scientistssaythousandsofanimalsgettrappedinthefloatingwaste，resultingindeathorinjury.Evenmorediefromalackoffoodorwaterafterswallowingpiecesofplastic.Thetrashcanalsomakeanimalsfeelfull，lesseningtheirdesiretoeatordrink.Theflo

36、atinggarbagealsocanhaveharmfuleffectsonpeople.Thereisanincreasedthreatofinfectionofdiseasefrompollutedwaste，andfromeatingfishthatswallowedwaste.Diverscanalsogettrappedintheplastic.Itsexistencefirstgainedpublicattentioninl997.ThatwaswhenracingboatcaptainandoceanographerCharlesMooreandhiscrewsailedint

37、othegarbagewhilereturningfromaracingevent.Fiveyearsearlier，anotheroceanographerlearnedofthetrashafterashipmentofrubberduckiesgotlostatsea.ManyofthosetoysarenowpartoftheGreatPacificOceanGarbagePatch.InAugust，2009，ateamfromtheUniversityofCalifornia，SanDiegobecamethelatestgrouptotraveltoit.Theywereshoc

38、kedbytheamountofwastetheysaw.Theygatheredhundredsofseacreaturesandwatersamplestomeasurethegarbagepatchseffectonoceanenvironment.didthewriterintroducethetopicofthepassage?A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bylistingthefacts.C.Bytellingastory.D.Bygivingacomparison.doweknowabouttheGreatPacificOceanGarbagePatch?A.It

39、ismadeupofvariouskindsofplasticproducts.Itisasolidmassoffloatingwastematerials.Itliesl60000kilometerseastofCalifornia.D.Itisdescribedasakindofoceanicdesert.dopeoplepayattentiontotheGreatPacificOceanGarbagePatch?Becauseitmaypreventtheflowofoceanwater.Becausethepollutedplasticarticleswillmoveupthefood

40、chain.Becauseitmaybefromanislandinthepacific.Becauseshipsmaybetrappedinthefloatingwaste.columncanyoufindthepassageonanewspaper?A.Sportsandentertainment.B.Mediaandculture.C.Environmentandsociety.D.Scienceandtechnology.purposeofwritingthispassageisto.warnpeopleofthedangertotravelinthepacificanalyzewha

41、tcausedthewastepatchinthepacificgiveadviceonhowtorecyclewasteintheoceanintroducetheGreatPacificOceanGarbagePatch答案：。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段”Imagineamassoffloatingwasteistwotimesthestateofhasalandareaofmorethan678000squareitmightbedifficulttoimagineanythingtwiceasbig.”可知，作者拿得克薩斯州與大量的垃圾漂浮物進行比較，所以選D項。細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的

42、”Thewasteincludesbags，bottlesandcontainersplasticproductsofallkinds.”可知，這些垃圾漂流物是塑料制品。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的”Thereisanincreasedthreatofinfectionofdiseasefrompollutedwaste，andfromeatingfishthatswallowedwaste.”可知受污染的塑料制品會通過食物鏈來影響人類。推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在報紙上”環(huán)境與社會”這個欄目里。作者意圖題。本文通過介紹太平洋上漂浮的大量的塑料垃圾廢物的情況，指出了它們對

43、海洋中的生物以及人類的影響，所以D項正確。Withallthewars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,itsnotonlynecessary,butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourasmileonsomeonesfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdowninthedumps（處于沮喪中）,asthesayinggoes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.Howwouldyoufeel

44、ifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-workerneighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcomerstore?Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdontknowthepersonImjokingaroundGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjobanyone

45、couldnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesy（禮貌）tospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.Iknowofafewpeoplethatdonthaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheyaroundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirdontgetthejokethatmakesothersambus

46、tingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromoutercanpeoplenotgetareallyfunnyjoke?Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsunderhumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingistoomuchsadnessinthispresentdrivespeopleallneedtofindawaytobypassth

47、esadnessandbringalittlelightintoour,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.totheauthor,humorisusefulintheaspectthat.makespeoplemoreconfidentcanpickuppeoplesspiritscanhelpgetridofthecrueltyintheworldcanhelppeoplegetonwellwithothers TOC o 1-5 h z authorans

48、wersthequestioninthesecondparagraphwith.anddescriptionsandargumentandconclusionandpersuasionphrase“bustingagutinthethirdparagraphcanbereplacedby.carefullyloudsilenthardwritingthepassage,theauthormainlyintendsto.abouthisownunderstandingofhumorpeopletobehumorousindailylifeapracticalwaytogetthroughdail

49、ylifepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimisticaboutlifeistheauthorsattitudetowardsthepresentworld?答案：5155BCDBBSometimesyoullhearpeoplesaythatyoucantloveothersuntilyouloveyoullhearpeoplesaythatyoucantexpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveway,youvegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbeweallknowthatweretheappleofo

50、urparentseyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkweregreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgotothesometimesitsalothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisaistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourself.Self-imageisyourownmindspictureofimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyo

51、uact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyou,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdabout,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldchangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyouris,m

52、akealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeverytallowdoubtstooccurinit.Itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeself-imagebecauseyoucantmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeabout,rollupyoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyourprimaryyouthinkyouresillybecauseyouarentgoodatmath,findayouth

53、inkyoureweakbecauseyoucantrunamile,gettothetrackandyouthinkyouredullbecauseyoudontwearthelatesttrends,buyafewnewremember,justbecauseyouthinkitdoesntmeanitstrue.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf-imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective,andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivethewayyouthinka

54、ndworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveyoucanpat（拍）yourselfontheback,youllknowyourewellonyourluck!needtobuildapositiveself-imagewhenyou.tochallengeyourselfithardtochangeyourselfunconfidentaboutyourselfahighopinionofyourselftothepassage,ourserf-images.positiveeffectspr

55、obablyuntrueoftenchangeabledifferentfunctionsshouldyouchangeyourserf-imageaccordingtothepassage?keepadifferentimageofothers.makeyourlifesuccessful.understandyourownworld.changethewayyouthink.isthepassagemainlyabout?toprepareforyoursuccess.tofacechallengesinyourlife.tobuildapositiveself-image.todevel

56、opyourgoodqualities.aretheintendedreadersofthepassage?.ingeneral.答案：4145CBDCBWhatshouldyouthinkaboutwhentryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.Agirlwhospellswella

57、ndlikesEnglishmaybegoodatofficework.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongsubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Aknowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostj

58、obsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyouwillhavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.Yourschoolmayhavetaughtyouskills,suchastypingortechnicaldrawing,whichyoucanuseinyourwork.Youmaybegoodatmetalworkorcookeryandlookforajobwhereyoucanimprovetheseskills.Ifyouhavehad

59、apart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybecomeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheins

60、ideinapart-timejob.Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbettertofaceanyweaknessthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackground.You