八年級英語外研版上動詞不定式用法課件

1、The InfinitiveWhat are the three non-predicates in English?The Infinitiveto do sthto be doing sthto have doneThe Participledoing having donedone The Gerunddoing having done語法： 動詞不定式在句子中的作用作主語：e.g.To say is one thing;to do is another. Its important to do it right away.作表語：e.g. What you should is to l

2、eave here at once. The problem is how to do it.作賓語： e.g. I want to buy something for him . I dont know what to do next.作賓語補(bǔ)足語：e.g.He asked me to wait for him for a while. My father lets me go out alone at night. 不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)！作定語（位于名詞或代詞之后）： e.g. Do you have anything to say? Have you got the permissio

3、n to use the computer ?作狀語（目的、結(jié)果、原因等）：e.g.We eat to live; we dont live to eat.目的e.g.We went to see him only to find him out.結(jié)果狀語e.g.We are glad to see you.原因狀語 在tooto do ;adj./adv.+enough to do結(jié)構(gòu)中作結(jié)果狀語；在in order to ;so as to 結(jié)構(gòu)中作目的狀語；在be + adj. +to do 中作原因或方式狀語。 e.g. He is old enough to go to school

4、.He got up early so as to catch the bus. Im sorry to hear that.5. I dont think it difficult to improve our English in a short time. (formal object)6. Never hesitate to help others. (object)We have been told when and where to have the physical examination. (object)8. It is necessary for young people

5、nowadays to master at least one foreign language. (formal subject)Special patterns:He is said to have already finished his task. = It is said that he has already finished 2. He is thought to be the best player. = It is thought that he is the best player.3. She is believed to have landed in America =

6、 It is believed that she has landed 4. You seem to have seen the film. = It seems that you have seen the film. 不帶to的不定式feel， hear， see, watch, listen to , look at, observe, notice* I sawwatched him drive off* I heard him lock the door(but : He was seen to enter the office)b. make, let, have ( let ha

7、s no passive voice )c. had better, would rather than do anything/nothing but /except* He does nothing but complain * My dog does everything but speak動詞不定式易考點(diǎn)：1.They are said to_(在建）a bridge.A. build B. built C. have built D. be building. D2. She seemed to _ me before. A. be meeting B. have met C. ha

8、ve been meeting B 動詞不定式有時(shí)態(tài)的變化！常有進(jìn)行時(shí)（不定式動作在持續(xù)）、完成時(shí)（在謂語動作之前完成）、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（在謂語動作之前已經(jīng)開始并一直持續(xù)的動作）。3. She doesnt like to _(被表揚(yáng)） in public. A. praise B. be praising C. be praised C4.The coat is too large to _. A. wear B. be worn C. be wearing A 動詞不定式有被動語態(tài)（即邏輯主語是不定式 動作的承受者時(shí)使用），但在以下四種情況中不定式主動表被動！ 在too(enough)to 結(jié)

9、構(gòu)中 在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中： e.g. There is a lot of work _. to do在形容詞 easy,difficult,hard,good,heavy等詞后作狀語時(shí)。 e.g. The novel is easy to read. The bag is heavy to carry at that time.雖然不定式與修飾詞之間有邏輯動賓關(guān)系，但如與另外一個(gè)名詞或代詞具備邏輯主謂關(guān)系，不定式亦用主動表被動意義。e.g.Please give the children some books to read. I have nothing to say.動賓關(guān)系主謂三

10、：動詞不定式的省略問題：為了避免重復(fù)前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的動詞，可以省去不定式中的動詞及其賓語。 e.g. Would you like to see our baby? -I d love to( see your baby) .省略！ I want to mend your radio,but I dont know _(如何修）？ how to The boy want to ride his bicycle in the street,but his father told him_. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D.do not toA2.與修飾的

11、詞有動賓 關(guān)系的不定式，雖動詞是及物動詞但已帶有自己的賓語，其后需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，以將不定式短語與其修飾的詞連接起來。e.g. Here is a box to put things in.動賓 介賓 =put things in a box.Jack is the very person to_(討論這個(gè)問題）。 discuss the matter with 3.動詞不定式修飾表地點(diǎn)的詞如room,house,school等時(shí)，不定式需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。e.g. He is looking for a hotel to stay at . I have a small room _(居住). t

12、o live in注意：不定式所修飾的詞表不定式動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、方式時(shí)，常不加介詞！e.g. Its time to get up.That will be the best way to solve the problem.4。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)I saw him go out.（同時(shí)或之后）Im sorry glad to be working with you （進(jìn)行）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.（之前）Practice:1. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.Not eatin

13、g B. to eat not C. not to eat D. eating not C2. The little time we have together we try _ wisely .A. spending B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that B3. When I handed the report to John,he said George was the person _.A.to send B. for sending C. to send it to D. for sending it to C4.There are f

14、ive pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing B5. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule_.A. To never break B. never to be broken C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking B解析例2 NMET 1999 第21題The purpose of new technologi

15、es is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make.B不定式不定式的作用1因?yàn)橹髡Z是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故選B 。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)2例3 NMET 1997第12題I would love _ to the party last night but I had t

16、o work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have goneD不定式解析 該題考查動詞不定式做賓語的 用法。would love(like) to 是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Would love +不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思。不定式不定式的否定形式3例5 NMET 1996年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eati