英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解課件

1、英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解課件英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解課件英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解課件 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動(dòng)) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動(dòng)) 2021/4/132漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。2021/4/133 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 現(xiàn)

2、在完成時(shí)： 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：注被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)沒(méi)有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 am / is / are + done was / were + done shall / will + be done should / would + be done am / is / are + being + done was / were + being + done have / has + been + done had + been + done (二) 各種時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過(guò)去分詞時(shí)態(tài)變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，以 do 為例，列表如下：2021/4/1341.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) Simple Pre

3、sent人人都喜歡她。她受人人喜歡。Everyone likes her.She _ _ by everyone.isliked2021/4/135他經(jīng)常嘲笑我。我經(jīng)常被他嘲笑。He often laughs at me.I _ often _by him.amlaughed at一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) Simple Present2021/4/1362.一般過(guò)去時(shí) Simple Past警察抓到一個(gè)小偷。一個(gè)小偷被警察抓到了。The police caught a thief.A thief _ by the police.was caught2021/4/1372.一般過(guò)去時(shí) Simple past狗

4、咬了他。他被狗咬了。A dog bit him.He _by a dog.was bitten 2021/4/1383.一般將來(lái)時(shí)地鐵將在明年完成。The subway _ next year.willbefinished 2021/4/139河上將建一座橋。如果你違反法律，你就會(huì)受到懲罰。A bridge _ over the river.If you break the law, you _.willwill be punishedbebuilt2021/4/13104.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Present PerfectBP機(jī)已經(jīng)被手機(jī)所取代。這件事已經(jīng)被遺忘了。Beepers _by mobil

5、e phones.This matter _.havehasbeenreplaced beenforgotten2021/4/13115. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2021/4/1312Examples: 1. A stranger is following the girl.The girl _ _ _ by a stranger.isbeingfollowed2021/4/1313Examples: 2. A policeman is searching his bag. His bag _ _ _ by a policeman.isbeingsearched2021/4/1314Exampl

6、es: 3. They are building a bridge over the river.A bridge _ _ _ over the river (by them).isbeingbuilt2021/4/1315被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 的 使 用1.當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語(yǔ)。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”(只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰(shuí)弄壞的，或不想說(shuō)出誰(shuí)弄壞的)。 2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語(yǔ)。 These rec

7、ords were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 2021/4/13163.當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in + 名詞作狀語(yǔ)，而代替 by 短語(yǔ)。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.2021/4/1317主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) I was i

8、nvited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。 2.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be + 過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要及原句保持一致。 3.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語(yǔ)可以省略。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用in

9、+ 地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)。 2021/4/1318語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問(wèn)題把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要及原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要及新主語(yǔ)保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正確) A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤) 2021/4/13192. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如

10、： They havent done anything to make the river clean. 誤：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.2021/4/13203. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday.

11、 如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)：A present was given to me yesterday. 2021/4/1321用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改換下列各句：1. My father will repair my bike for me.My bike will be repaired by my father for me.2. I have found my wallet.My wallet has been found.3. She told me to wait here for her.I was told to wait here f

12、or her.2021/4/13224. The police will surely arrest the murderer.The murderer will surely be arrestedby the police.5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speech.Mr. Green was invited to make a speech.6. The students clean their classroom every day.Their classroom is cleaned by the students every day.202

13、1/4/13237. You mustnt take those books out of the reading-room.Those books mustnt be taken out of the reading-room.8. I dint tell you the girl could do the job.You werent told by me that the girl could do the job.9. Do people speak English in your country?Is English spoken in your country?2021/4/132

14、410. He gave me a present.I was given a present. A present was given to me.11. Mother often tells her children a story at bed time.Children are often told a story at bed time by mother.A story is often told by mother to children at bed time.2021/4/1325be + PP被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化考點(diǎn)一:2021/4/13261. Now E

15、nglish _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am / is / are + PP2021/4/13272. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was / were + PP2021/4/13283. More man-made satellites _ in the futur

16、e. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：will + be + PPbe going to + be + PP2021/4/13294. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have / has + been + PP2021/4/13305. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered

17、C. should water含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + PP2021/4/13318. The man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish bout when the police walked past the park. A. was made; was seen to throw B. was made to; was seen throwing C. made; saw2021/4/1332see / hear sb. do sthbe seen / heard to do sthsee / hear sb. doing

18、 sth.be seen / heard doing sth.make sb.do sth.be made to do sth.主動(dòng):被動(dòng):主動(dòng):被動(dòng):主動(dòng):被動(dòng):2021/4/13339. Children should _. A. take good care of B. be taken good care C. be taken good care of固定短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)不要丟掉后面的介詞或副詞2021/4/133410. Your desk _. A. needs repair B. needs repairing C. needs to repairneed, allow 可以用-in

19、g形式表示被動(dòng)need to be done = need doingbe allowed to do = allow doing2021/4/13351. Old Mike gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. serv

20、ed練習(xí)2021/4/13363. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already. A. sell, have been sold out B. sold, had sold out C. sell, sell out D. are sold, have been sold out4. The train _ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late. A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to2021/4/13375. This dictionary mustnt _ from the library. A. take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away6. My shoes _ . I went out for a new pair. A. is worn out B. wore out C. were worn off