閱讀填空專(zhuān)題 完整版課件

1、 閱讀填空 專(zhuān)題指導(dǎo)云溪一中高三英語(yǔ)組 梅雙紅閱讀填空專(zhuān)題指導(dǎo)云溪一中高三英語(yǔ)組：李巨瀾考綱解讀湖南省高考英語(yǔ)試題已經(jīng)在書(shū)面表達(dá)部分增加了填空題閱讀填空，目的是擴(kuò)展對(duì)考生在語(yǔ)言知識(shí)及運(yùn)用能力方面的考核。閱讀填空是讀與寫(xiě)的綜合。該題型既考查考生快速獲取信息的能力，又考查考生組織信息和表達(dá)信息的能力，也就是新課標(biāo)倡導(dǎo)的核心綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。這種能力是一個(gè)人在進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)、科研等活動(dòng)過(guò)程中不可缺少的。命題規(guī)律 閱讀填空是考場(chǎng)學(xué)生閱讀信息材料、收集整理直接與間接信息以及準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)信息的能力。它要求考生不但能夠運(yùn)用基本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、熟練掌握教學(xué)大綱和考綱要求的相關(guān)單詞及詞組，而且還必須具備一定的理解和表達(dá)能力。

2、它雖然屬于主觀試題，考查的卻是綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。該題型體現(xiàn)了高考改革創(chuàng)新的趨勢(shì)。 命題規(guī)律 閱讀填空是考查學(xué)生閱讀信息材料、收集整理直接與間接信息以及準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)信息的能力。它要求考生不僅能夠運(yùn)用基本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、熟練掌握教學(xué)大綱和考綱要求的相關(guān)單詞及詞組，而且還必須具備一定的理解和表達(dá)能力。它雖然屬于主觀試題，考查的卻是綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。該題型體現(xiàn)了高考改革創(chuàng)新的趨勢(shì)。答題原則1）三字信息原則：每空不得超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞。2）語(yǔ)法形式一致性原則：橫縱欄目?jī)?nèi)的表述在語(yǔ)法上要一致。例如，要么都是介詞短語(yǔ)，要么都是名詞短語(yǔ)，要么都是動(dòng)詞-ing形式等。3）概括針對(duì)性原則：概括詞在最大限度上覆蓋行和列的信息

3、。4）信息一致性原則：橫縱欄目?jī)?nèi)表達(dá)的信息要一致。5）忠于原文原則：答案不唯一，但要忠于原文，即如果能夠在原文中找到相關(guān)信息表達(dá)要點(diǎn)，那么盡可能用原詞。應(yīng)對(duì)策略1。直接信息題。考查考生檢查信息的能力，直接從文章中找到答題信息，且不需更改文章中的表達(dá)方式。2。歸納概括題（1）標(biāo)題歸納題：根據(jù)文章主旨句大多出現(xiàn)在三個(gè)位置：文首、文中和文末的特點(diǎn)，可有意識(shí)地從上述三個(gè)位置找到文章主題句，再加以準(zhǔn)確概括，確定語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)題。 （2）段落歸納題：根據(jù)相應(yīng)行列或橫縱框架的內(nèi)容選用概括詞最大限度覆蓋行、列或相應(yīng)框架的全部信息。要注意所用的概括詞既不能太大，也不能太具體，要量體裁衣，大小合適。3。 組織信息題。 這

4、類(lèi)題從文章中也可以直接找到信息，但為了不違背答題的三字信息原則，需要轉(zhuǎn)換文章中的表達(dá)方式。常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換方式有： （1）轉(zhuǎn)換詞性。例如動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞或形容詞，名詞或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞等。例如：2007年高考湖南卷82 題，根據(jù)信息句“On the other,students expectations have risen.”將動(dòng)詞risen轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，確定答案為：Rise in expectations. (2) 用名詞所有格 “ s”代替of 所有格。 （3）后置定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等轉(zhuǎn)化為前置定語(yǔ)。例如將定語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)化為前置定語(yǔ)，用名詞、形容詞、分詞作前置定語(yǔ)等。例如07年湖南卷84題，根

5、據(jù)信息句They are trying to make living conditions better將賓補(bǔ)better轉(zhuǎn)化為前置定語(yǔ)，確定答案為Bettering living conditions. (4) 省略次要信息，提煉關(guān)鍵信息。例如：07年湖南卷78、79 題，根據(jù)信息句Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to

6、become faster提煉關(guān)鍵信息，確定78題答案為Possibly becoming faster；根據(jù)信息句Living in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”提煉關(guān)鍵信息，確定79題答案為Communicating with hosts. (5) 意義理解轉(zhuǎn)換。 例如07年湖南卷80題，理解信息句It attracts students for it ensures

7、them a family type of living at a low cost.將living at a low cost 轉(zhuǎn)化為Cost of living.再如，理解句子Hanks never stayed at a place long enough to make good friends.可轉(zhuǎn)化為Hanks had no good friends.Read Passage One and then fill in the following form in seven minutes.Read Passage One and then fill in the following

8、 form in seven minutes. When you are doing business in Argentina, either with the government or the private enterprises, the bargains play a very important part. Interview may be the best way to do business, because telephone service is not so good in Argentina, and people prefer to have a face-to-f

9、ace talk with his associate. If you insist on using phones, you may fail. And another thing is that, book your time before your business visit. Most of the Argentines are descendants of a European, especially from Britain and Italy. People in political circles and business circles spend much time on

10、 clothing. They have good manners. So, be careful of your appearance. Gentlemen had better put on conservative business suits and have ties. Attending a formal bender and banquet, wearing deep color clothes should be good. Meanwhile, ladies should be decent; a suit or a long skirt is good. These rul

11、es are the same with the visitors from other places. Foreigners are used to judging one from his clothes. If you wear untidy, they must have an inappreciative conclusion. Clothes are the base of their judgments. So, when you visit a company of a department, even you have a visit to your merchant, yo

12、u need to wear business suit. The color of the suit is important. The grey color is unpopular, as it feels gloomy. Wearing this to have a visit, you will leave very bad impression. Another noticeable thing is, the popular packing colors are yellow, green and red, as black, purple and purple-brown mu

13、st be careful. The argentines are like the Europeans. Beef, hotpot and pork are their favorite, and they treat baking complete animals as their traditional food. The Argentine businessmen like to invite the associates to their home. The authentic Argentine beef must be on the table. As a guest, when

14、 you have an invitation, it must be wonderful if you take some flowers or candies with you, a bottle of imported whisky is also the best present. Never take a T-shirt or a tie. Argentines dont like to accept these underclothes. From May to November, it is the best time to do business. And avoid havi

15、ng interviews two weeks before and after Christmas Day and Easter Day. Holiday time begins in January and finishes in March. These are the right time to do business with Argentines.76._ Doings and Taboos in ArgentinaBusiness Aspects Dos77_ BargainsTo interview your business partner. To make78_before

16、 your business visit.Just depend on telephones.Pay a(n)79_visit. 80_Gentlemen To wear conservative 81_. Ladies Have on suits or long skirts. Wear 82_Color for clothesYellow, 83_ clothes makes you well-receivedTo be in grey color.To be in black, purple and purple-brown. FoodBeef, hotpot and pork.84_N

17、ot mentioned TimeTo arrange business: From May to NovemberFrom 85_To arrange business:Two weeks before and after Christmas Day and Easter Day.Donts/Taboosappointmentsunexpected/ unbooked /suddenAppearancesuits with tiesuntidygreen and redbaked complete animalsJanuary to MarchRead Passage Two and the

18、n fill in the following form in six minutes:Title: QRIO Or First Running RobotRead Passage Two and then fill in the following form in six minutes.Title:QRIO Or First Running RobotWatch out! QRIO, Sonys robot, is a few steps ahead of you. It can dance and kick a football, and it is the worlds first “

19、running” robot. Until now robots could not run because they needed one foot on the floor at all times to remain stable. That all changed when Sonys technology allowed QRIO to run. QRIO might be the worlds first “running” robot, but it wont win in a race. The robots run is more like a jog. At 23 inch

20、es tall and weighing 15 pounds, QRIO can travel 46 feet per minute, which is about 0.5mph. If QRIO were an average human size, it would run a mile in 40 minutes. (Many humans can run a mile in about 10 minutes.) And if QRIO falls, it will get right back up. QRIO is programmed to check its position a

21、fter a fall. It then turns itself face up and stands up again. QRIO can recognize peoples faces and voices. It has a special builtin camera that takes a picture when meeting people. It examines the pictures and remembers people.QRIO even expresses feelings through movements, conversation, and the us

22、e of its lights. QRIO is a quite friendly robot. If you meet the robot, it will ask you what kinds of things you like and dont like. QRIO remembers all of the facts, so it can have more conversations with you. The robot already knows tens of thousands of words, but can always learn more. Dont get to

23、o excited. This high-tech robot wont be racing to your house any time soon. Sony says it has no immediate plans to sell QRIO.76_77._ 78_ 23 inches 15 pounds79_ RunningOther functions TypesWays and steps . Getting right back up after 80_. Checking its position.Turning itself face up.Standing up again

24、 81_.84._pictures.Remembering people82._.Movements.Conversations.85_.Dancing.Kicking a football.83_ No descriptionSizeHeightWeightUnique/Special functiona fallRecognizing peopleExpressing feelingsLearning wordsTaking and examiningUse of lightsRead passage Three and fill in the following form in eigh

25、t minutes:Read Passage Three and then fill in the following form in eight minutes.Title: 76_Left-behind children -Children are left in the care of others with their parents 77_ Number 20 million78._.Suffering from more psychological problems.79_.More likely to commit crimesDifficultiesFacing difficu

26、lties with 80 _ and morality The “Same Sky “ campaign81_82_83_To develop a support network for left-behind childrenThe Educational MinistryNot MentionedThe Finance MinistryUrging local governments to 84_ to take care of such childrenThe Justice MinistryResearching ways to make parents more responsib

27、le for their childrens welfareGrassroots civil affairs departments85_for such childrenChinas Left-behind ChildrenWorking in cities /outsideProblemsPerforming more poorlyHealth,education,psychologyGoalGovernment bodiesDutiesSet aside fundsPromoting community servicePassage Four Try to finish it in se

28、ven minutes.Passage FourTry to finish it in seven minutes.About Two Types of PeopleTypes of peopleDifferences 76_ The HappyFixing their attention on 77_ of thingsEqual degree of 78_ and other comforts of lifeThe UnhappyThink and speak only of 79_.80_ about the unhappy Situation82_84_souring the plea

29、sure of society.growing into a habit.having bad effects on their interests and tastes.nobody loves them.no one treats them with 83_.change this bad habit.be pleased with what is pleasing.85_ about themselves and others.offending many people81_Similaritiesthe conveniencehealth and wealththe opposite

30、thingsAnalysisMaking themselves disagreeableResultsTips/Advice/ Suggestionspoliteness and respectdontt worry needlessly Tips 1、瀏覽表格格式 (table-scanning)2、查看留空位置( blank-spotting)3、搜索填空信息(info-selecting)4、精選表達(dá)詞語(yǔ)(word-selecting)Skills: 1.Leave out form words: e.g: the first big harvest2.Conversion of pos

31、sessive case e.g: the hard-working people of China Chinas hard-working people3.Conversion of part of speech e.g: to protect the environment environment protection 4. Conversion of sentence structure e.g: The dishes taste delicious. delicious dishes閱讀填空中常見(jiàn)的單詞分類(lèi)歸納：表原因：reason (for). Cause (of)表目的：purpo

32、se. aim, destination, goal表種類(lèi)：kind, type, sort, variety, style, category 表方式：means ,ways, approach, method表方位：location, position, where, place表建議：advice, suggestion, recommendation, tip表觀點(diǎn)：attitude, idea, opinion, aspect, concern, notion表功能、用途： usage, function, use表變化、趨勢(shì)： trend, development, rise, i

33、ncrease, change, decrease表描述： description, appearance, look, color, size, length, height, width, size, distance, shape 表來(lái)源、歷史：history, source, origin, root表影響、結(jié)果：effect, influence,impact,result,consequence表措施、行為： measure, action, activity, steps表益處/不利： benefit, advantage, disadvantage表概括、總結(jié) conclusion, summa