開放式對(duì)話課程相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)及課件

1、 The power of being present in the moment in polyphonic dialogues Jaakko Seikkula Seikkula, J. & Arnkil, TE (2014) Open dialogues and anticipations: Respecting the Otherness in the present moment. Helsinki: THL TornioJyvskylREFERENCES .Bakhtin, M. (1984) Problems of Dostojevskijs Poetics. Theory and

2、 History of Literature:Vol. 8. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Bakhtin, M. (1990) Art and Answerability: Early Philosophical Essays of M. M. Bakhtin,trans. Vadim Liapunov. Austin: University of Texas Press.Bakhtin, M. (1993) Toward a Philosophy of the Act, trans. Vadim Liapunov. Austin:Unive

3、rsity of Texas Press.Brten, S. (2007). On bein g moved: From mirror neurons to empathy. Amsterdam: John Benjamins-Iacoboni, M (2008) Mirroring People: The new science of how we connect with others. Farrar, Straus and Giroux Carman, T. (2008). Merleau-Ponty. London:Routledge.Hermans, H. & Dimaggio, A

4、. (2005).Dialogical self in psychotherapy.Stern, D.N. (2004). The present moment in psychotherapy and every day life. NY: NortonTrevarthen, C. (1990) Signs before speech. In T. A. Seveok and J. Umiker Sebeok (eds), The Semiotic Web. Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter.Whitaker, R. (2010). Anatomy of an epi

5、demic. New York: Crown Publ.“. authentic human life is the open- ended dialogue. Life by its very nature is dialogic. To live means to participate in dialogue: to ask questions, to heed, to respond, to agree, and so forth. In this dialogue a person participates wholly and throughout his whole life:

6、with his eyes, lips, hands, soul, spirit, with his whole body and deeds. He invests his entire self in discourse, and this discourse enters into the dialogic fabric of human life, into the world symposium.” (M. Bakhtin, 1984) Mary Catherine Bateson: Proto languageStein Brten: ”virtual other” Daniel

7、Stern present momentColwyn Trevarthen dialogue in jazz like rhythmicityElizabet Fivaz-Depeursinge from dyadic to collaborative and relational intersubjectivityMovement is the first language (Maxine Sheet- Johnstone 2010)Moving in rhythmRegulation of affective arousalANDCommunicative act MovementAffe

8、cts or sensingEmotionsWilliam James (1890): From looking at patterns to sensing similarities “Our experiences are feelings of tendency, often so vague that we are unable to name them at all” (p.254); such feelings can function as “signs of direction in thought of which we have an acutely discriminat

9、ive sense, though no definite sensorial image plays any part in it whatsoever” (p.253). Thus we can have an acutely discriminative sense of such feelings of tendency, and it is our inner sensing of similarities rather than of our seeing of patterns out in the world that is basic to our making sense

10、of what is happening to us in our lives.Basic assumptions of relational lifeWe born into relations relations e our embodied beingWe are intersubjective not one entityLife is living in the polyphony of voicesDialogue between voices is the basic human experienceTo intersubjectivity“Life is not psychol

11、ogy - it is (dialogic) music ” (Colwyn Trevarthen) Virtual others (Stein Brten)”I see myself in your eyes” (M. Bakhtin) Mirror neurons: “I see myself in the other” (M. Iacaboni, 2008)I observe the reality through the others observing the same reality (E. Husserl)”We are now experiencing a revolution

12、. The new view assumes that the mind is always embodied in and made possible by the sensori-motor activity of the body. () Mind is intersubjectively open, since it is partially constituted through its interaction with other minds” D. Stern, 2007, 36)Psychotherapy?All the time developing process of i

13、ntersubjectivity Change through two incidents: (1) experience of sympathy and (2) implicitely known, shared presence of the other ”Now moment” and ”Moment of meeting” (D.Stern, 2007)Psychotherapy?Dialogical orientation:Therapists refrain from editing the narratives Therapists do not transform I You

14、dialogue into I It conversation - (the Third)Dialogue permits opening the ”moment of meeting” present momentS. Brten, 2007Dialogues in meetingMany voices present:- those sitting in the circle ”horizontal polyphony”- the voices in which we are living while speaking about specific subject ”vertical po

15、lyphony” T2T1MikkoSinikkaSeppoLiisafemaleFather deathspouse motherfathersonmaleteacher memory of death”Vertical polyphony” = inner voicesfathertechniciansisterdaughterFamily therapistmothermaspousePolyphonic self“Voices are the speaking personality, the speaking consciousness”. (Bakhtin, 1984; Werts

16、ch, 1990)(“Voices are traces and they are activated by new events that are similar or related to the original event”) (Stiles et al., 2004) When the mind is thinking, it is simply talking to itself, asking questions and answering them, and saying yes or no. (Plato Theatetus 189e-190a)Being on the bo

17、undaryWe are subjects in the language only in a physiological senseThe interlocutor es an active co-author of the word not receiver (M. Bakhtin)Being present at the momentTo be present in the ”once occurring participation in being” (M.Bakhtin)”Neither nor” (T. Andersen)From explicit knowledge to imp

18、licit knowing (D. Stern, 2004)From narratives to telling Two simultaneous histories 1.Embodied living in the present moment - shared experience - implicit knowing- comments about the present experience2.Narratives that we tell of the past incidents, experiences and things- meanings constructed “For

19、the word (and, consequently, for a human being) there is nothing more terrible than a lack of response”“Being heard as such is already a dialogic relation” (Bakhtin, 1975) Being present generating new languageS:I have not been recognizedT1:You have not been recognized?S:Throughout my life Ive been e

20、xcluded from the family. At last I want to get rid of this symbiotic mess.T1: You said that ”Throughout my life Ive been excluded from the family”. Then you said that ”At last I want to get rid of this symbiotic mess”. It sounds like you are saying two things at the same time? S:(10) yes. thats what

21、 I said. But so far I cannot say anything more about itT1: (7) yeahT2T1T3SinikkaSeppoLiisamother loosing fatherteachersistermalebrotherloosing my fatherfatherdaughter what is psychosis?”Vertical polyphony” = ”inner voices”Horizontal polyphony” = people presentsonPatientanxiety Fathers deathfamily th

22、erapistfemalepsychologistBeing not presentT1:I thought that it happened during the last two weeks, not beforeT2:Was it a threat or even worse?T1:Hitting, I thought that P hit his motherT2:Was P drunk or did he have a hangover?P:No, I was soberT2:SoberT1:I understood that P had tried to ask his mothe

23、r something?P:Well, it was last weekend; the police came to us. She was drunk. When she didnt say anything and started to make coffee in the middle of the night, and I asked . . .I went out and came into the kitchen, and she turned round and said that it wasnt allowed to speak about it. Then I slapp

24、ed her. She ran out into the corridor and started screaming. I said that there is no need to scream, that why cant she say. . . . .And then I calmed down. At that point I got the feeling. . . . And the police came and the ambulance. But in some way I have a feeling, that it is, of course, it is not

25、allowed to hit anyone. But there are, however, situations . . .T1:Was that the point when you went into primary care?P:Yes it happened just before thatT2:Why did she not say that the police came?P:What?T2:Why did she not say that police had been at your place the previous night?P:It wasnt the previo

26、us night, it was last weekend. I was thinking, all the time I am thinking those strange things and I knew that they were not true. But when you think about them for a while, after that you have the feeling that things like that can really happen. It is too much. . . . .You are only thinking of all k

27、inds of futile things.T2:And it all started last weekend, this situation?T1:YesFamily therapy as rhytmic attunementImplicit right brain to right brainOn the whole, patients respond more to how the therapist says something than what the therapist says. Patients attend primarily to (a) prosody pitch,

28、and the rhythm and timbre of the voice and also to (b) body posture, (c) gesture, and (d) facial expression. (Quilman, 2011)The pitch of the voice es higher before a re-formulation (Perkyl, 2013)Studies so farSynchronization of body movements increases alliance and good e (Ramseyer & Tschacher, 2011

29、)Facial affects follow each other in 15 sec to 2 min sequencesSmiling as affect regulation both in individual therapy (Rone et al., 2008) and in couple therapist triad (Benecke, Bnninger- Huber et al., 2005)Therapists disclosing can be related to ANS changesTherapy training increases symphatetic ori

30、entation in EDA (Kleinbub ym., 2013)Relational Mind project University of Jyvskyl with 5 other universities in EuropeFirst time to look at what happens in embodied interaction in multiactor meetingsPrecise videofilming of faces and ANS (heart rate, breathing, skin conductance) of clients and therapi

31、stsDialogues, inner dialogues, ANS as responsive synchorinization and its meaaning for eSimulation of therapy session with measuring equipmentAnu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa KykyriVideo recording in the therapy sessionAnu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa KykyriSplit screen recording (DVD)Precise facial imagesJlk

32、ihaastattelu sisisest dialogista -FaceReader Anu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa KykyriTranscription of the highest stress vector of the client during therapy sessionC: mm (nodding, wiping tears from her cheek)T1: earlier you did not notice it and well (.) this abuse it like then (.) went on C: yeah (wiping

33、 tears) it went onT1: mmC: so that I must only le- no less to be in contact (with them) to feel well myself (nodding) T1:but is it so that now that you see that you have been abused and that you have not been respected (.) which was not (gestures with his hand away from the client) there earlier (.)

34、 or was it there even thenC: (wiping her tears) well that was the time of performing I was performingT1: (coughs) yeah CLIENTS ASV AT ITS HIGHEST, STARTS TO DECLINEAnu Karvonen, Virpi-Liisa Kykyri and Jaakko SeikkulaTherapists synchrony in breathingAnu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa KykyriCouple therapy ca

35、se:ASV during the therapy sessionAnu Karvonen ja Virpi-Liisa KykyriFrom top to bottom:Female clientMale clientPsychologistTrainee in psychotherapyT2: Listening to this conversation what (.) did you T1 think about it?T1: .hhh (2) yes well I think that there are really (.) (2) still like last time, th

36、at there are so many things, and (2) like so much, that um that at least for me, it takes time to perceive what happened when and then, maybe, it somehow also takes time to perceive which things could affect each other or (2) so and um (3) so that kind of, making chronology in my head because everyt

37、hing (2) affects everything maybe from what has come up now, one of the most touching and that kind of (4) yeah, probably, I dont know, maybe its a shared feeling that most touching because C1 (h) also started crying(C1 utters a laugh)T2: yes (nodding)T1: was .hhh this (.) de- tragic death of father

38、T2: yesT1: and (.) also the (.) like (.) shocking way C1 found out about it (.)Very first notionsReactions of ANS in concordance to each other embodied emphatetic experience? In a single episode not all in relation to each otherMost stressfull episodes may happen during the speech of others in the m

39、eetings, even during the reflective talks sensitivity of sayingMost affect loaded situations may happen in ”non-rhythmic” way: Perhaps in therapy it is the aim to have rhythmicity?1:GUARANTEEING JOINT HISTORY Everyone participates from the outset in the meetingAll things associated with analyzing th

40、e problems, planning the treatment and decision making are discussed openly and decided while everyone present Neither themes nor form of dialogue are planned in advance2: GENERATING NEW WORDS AND LANGUAGE The primary aim in the meetings is not an intervention changing the family or the patient The

41、aim is to build up a new joint language for those experiences, which do not yet have words3: STRUCTURE BY THE CONTEXTMeeting can be conducted by one therapist or the entire teamTask for the facilitator(s) is to (1) open the meeting with open ended questions; (2) to guarantee voices ing heard; (3) to build up a place for among the professionals; (4) to conclude the meeting with definition of the meeting. 4: ING TRANSPARENT Professionals discuss openly of thei