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1、漢譯英常見錯(cuò)誤例析第1頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四造成漢譯英常見錯(cuò)誤的原因錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,但究其原因主要有兩個(gè):一是運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)的實(shí)踐能力差,盡管道理和規(guī)則記得很熟,但由于練習(xí)較少,動(dòng)筆時(shí)容易出錯(cuò);二是受漢語的影響,常見的錯(cuò)誤往往是用英語套用漢語的表達(dá)方式、習(xí)慣說法和思維模式等。第2頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四10.1 生搬硬套型錯(cuò)誤 這類錯(cuò)誤就是把漢語的表達(dá)意思逐詞照搬地直譯成英語。第3頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例1歡迎你參加英語角活動(dòng)。誤:Welcome you to join our English c
2、orner activities!正:You are welcome to join our English Corner! (or: Welcome to join our English Corner!)第4頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例2不要搞一刀切。誤: Do not cut off at one stroke.正: Do not impose uniformity in all cases. 例2 原文是帶有漢語特色的比喻說法,意為“不可不顧實(shí)際情況,用一切方法處理問題”。翻譯時(shí)不可拘泥于原文字句,“對(duì)號(hào)如座”。第5頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日
3、,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例3我們改革開放的步子要邁得更大一些。誤:Our steps of economic reform and open policy should be bigger. 正:Take a broader approach to economic reform and opening up. 第6頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例4熱烈歡迎國(guó)內(nèi)外嘉賓參加貿(mào)易洽談會(huì)。誤:Warmly welcome all guests of honor at home and abroad to attend to this symposium!正:Warm welc
4、ome to all honored guests both at home and abroad to attend the Trade Talks!第7頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例5。有空就到我們家來聊天吧。誤:If you are free, please come to our family to have a talk.正:Drop in on us for a chat at any odd moment. 第8頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例6我們的事業(yè)從勝利走向勝利。誤:Our cause has won victor
5、ies one after another. 正:We have won one victory after another for our cause.或譯為被動(dòng)語態(tài): A series of victories have been won for our cause. 第9頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四說明:句中cause是沒有生命的,而win victories的主語一般是人,二者用在一起,就把cause擬人化了,而這種修飾方法在英文中被視為毛病。原文雖在語法上沒有錯(cuò)誤,但卻不符合英語習(xí)慣用法,不是地道的英語。第10頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)
6、55分,星期四在用英語表達(dá)漢語原文的意思時(shí),時(shí)間的先與后,執(zhí)行者與承受者之間的關(guān)系,非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語,比較句的排除與包括,代替詞和名詞的性與數(shù)的一致等等都存在著一個(gè)邏輯問題。許多漢譯英的錯(cuò)誤都屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。 第11頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四A時(shí)間的先與后不合乎邏輯,例如:例1對(duì)不起,我沒有看見你。誤:Sorry I dont see you.正:Sorry I didnt see you. 第12頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例2我不知道你在這兒。誤:I dont know you are here.正:I didn
7、t know you are here.第13頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例3. 從圖書館借來的那本書已找到。誤:The book which was borrowed from the library had been found. 正:The book which had been borrowed from the library was found. 第14頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四B. 不定式的邏輯主語問題 雖然不定式?jīng)]有語法上的主語,但有邏輯主語。不定的邏輯主語與句子的主語要一致。不定式的語態(tài)與邏輯主語有關(guān)。邏輯主語是行
8、為的執(zhí)行者,要用主動(dòng)不定式;若邏輯主語是行為的承受者,要用被動(dòng)不定式,如:第15頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例1為了在科研中取得成功,需要堅(jiān)持不懈。誤: To succeed in a scientific research, persistence is needed.正:To succeed in a scientific research, one needs to be persistent. 說明:原譯中不定式的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致,改譯后句子用主動(dòng)語態(tài),增補(bǔ)one做主語 第16頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例2. 要做
9、出決定,你應(yīng)該考慮各種因素。誤:To make a decision, everything must be taken into consideration.正:To make a decision, you should take everything into consideration. 第17頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例3這本書需要翻譯成英語。誤:The book is required to put into English. 正:The book is required to be put into English.第18頁,共135頁,2022年
10、,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例4他挨了批評(píng)真是遺憾。誤:It is a pity for him to have criticized. 正:It is a pity for him to be criticized. 說明:在例3、例4中,不定式的邏輯主語是行為的承受者,故要改用被動(dòng)不定式。第19頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四A. 分詞的邏輯主語問題分詞的邏輯主語必須與句中的主語相一致,否則 便成為垂懸分詞,屬于語病。如: 第20頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例1看著窗外,他想起了自己的童年。誤:Looking out of the
11、 window, thoughts of his childhood came to him.正:Looking out of the window, he thought of his childhood. 第21頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例2老虎在籠子里,因而我不怕。誤:Being in a cage, I was not afraid of it.正:The tiger being in a cage, I was not afraid of it. 第22頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例3從山頂上看下去,這座城市就像個(gè)漂亮的花
12、園。誤:Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden.正:Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden. 第23頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例4聽到這消息,他滿眼是淚。誤: Hearing the news, his eyes were filled with tears.正:When he heard the news, his eyes were filled with
13、tears. 第24頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四B. 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語問題動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語若與句中的主語不一致,也屬于語病。如 第25頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例1在擠公共車時(shí),我的錢包丟了。誤:On squeezing on to the bus, my wallet was lost.正:On squeezing on to the bus, I lost my wallet. 第26頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例2他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,他父親想讓他去美國(guó)繼續(xù)深造。誤:After graduating fr
14、om college, his father wanted him to pursue his education in America.正:After he graduated from college, his father wanted him to pursue his education in America. 第27頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例3未接到邀請(qǐng)他就參加了晚會(huì)。誤:He attended the party without inviting.正:He attended the party without being invited. 第28
15、頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四C. 不合乎邏輯的比較不合乎邏輯的比較指在譯成英語的句子中形成了非等同物之間的比較。如:第29頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例1你們班的女生比我們班的更活躍。誤:The girls in your class are more active than our class.正:The girls in your class are more active than those in our class. 說明:若不加those, 就變成了 girls和 our class比較。第30頁,共135頁,2022年,
16、5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例2這里的氣候像北京。誤:The climate here is like Beijing.正:The climate here is like that of Beijing. 說明:若不加 that , 就變成了 climate和 Beijing比較。 第31頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例3她的臉圓圓的,跟孩子的一樣。誤:Her face is as round as a child.正:Her face is as round as a childs (face). 第32頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期
17、四10.2 語法型錯(cuò)誤 語法規(guī)律和句型是漢譯英必備的基本要素。漢譯英中所謂的大錯(cuò),多半是指語法錯(cuò)誤(上節(jié)談的邏輯性錯(cuò)誤實(shí)際上也是語法錯(cuò)誤,只不過是從思維邏輯的角度歸了一類而已)。常見的有:名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化錯(cuò)誤;冠詞、介詞錯(cuò)用漏用;比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)錯(cuò)用或不一致;主謂關(guān)系不一致;主從關(guān)系混亂;非謂語動(dòng)詞以及虛擬語氣表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤等等,如:第33頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例1他本來想要多給你一點(diǎn)幫助的,只是他太忙了。誤:He wanted to give you more help, but he has been so busy recently.正:He would hav
18、e given you more help, but he has been so busy recently. 說明:根據(jù)原文的含義,前半句應(yīng)譯為虛擬語氣,后半句譯為一般陳述句。第34頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例2許多人不但不植樹,反而砍樹。誤:Many people not only dont plant trees but also cut trees.正:Many people dont plant trees, instead, they cut trees. 說明:誤譯,用錯(cuò)連詞,使句子意思面目全非。第35頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)
19、55分,星期四例3他養(yǎng)成了大量閱讀的習(xí)慣,因而在頭腦儲(chǔ)存了很多有價(jià)值的信息。誤:He formed the habit of reading a great deal. Thus storing his mind with much valuable information.正:He formed the habit of reading a great deal, thus storing his mind with much valuable information.說明:thus storing.是現(xiàn)在分詞語,在句中作結(jié)果狀語,所以不能把它視為單獨(dú)的句子。第36頁,共135頁,2022年
20、,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例4他們屢戰(zhàn)屢敗。誤:They fought again and again and they are repeatedly defeated. 正:They are repeatedly defeated although they fought again and again. 說明:原句的重點(diǎn)在“敗”,“屢戰(zhàn)屢敗”之間是讓步關(guān)系,故用although連接構(gòu)成主從句。第37頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例5他們剛要走過街角就聽到了槍聲。誤:They were just turning the corner, when they h
21、eard the noise of a shot.正:Just as they were turning the corner, they heard the noise of a shot. 說明:句子要表達(dá)的主要信息是“聽到槍聲”,應(yīng)放在復(fù)合句的主句中。第38頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例6要把一個(gè)人的情感完全隱藏起來幾乎是不可能的。誤:Entirely to conceal ones feelings is almost impossible正:To entirely conceal ones feelings is almost impossible. 第
22、39頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四10.3語義結(jié)構(gòu)型錯(cuò)誤由于容易受到漢語字面說法的干擾,漢譯英時(shí)要特別重視語義結(jié)構(gòu)(也可稱為詞語搭配)。有時(shí)漢語同一個(gè)詞要譯成英語不同的詞語,而有時(shí)漢語不同的詞語要譯成英語的同一個(gè)詞語。這是由于漢英語義結(jié)構(gòu)不同造成的。比如“吃藥”要譯成take medicine,“吃奶”要譯成suck the breast,“吃蘋果”要譯成eat an apple。“遇見”有時(shí)譯成meet,“迎接”有時(shí)譯成meet,“滿足”有時(shí)也譯成meet,“應(yīng)付”有時(shí)也譯成meet,等等。 第40頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四再如漢語
23、“看”根據(jù)其后不同的賓語可能要譯成see, look, view, watch, look after, take care of regard, reckon, consider, think, go to, observe, call on, visit, depend on, mind, bear, treat, perceive, tell, penetrate, notice, catch, read等等。若語義結(jié)構(gòu)(或詞語搭配)不當(dāng),就會(huì)造成誤譯。如:第41頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例1我能看出你的心事。誤:I can see your mind.正
24、:I can read your mind. 例2從他的話音里,我能聽出東西來。誤:I can hear something from the tone of his voice.正:I can tell something from the tone of his voice. 第42頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例3通過不斷實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)英語。誤:Study knowledge of English by constant practice.正:Acquire knowledge of English by constant practice. 說明:“學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)”在英
25、文中英說成“獲取知識(shí)”。動(dòng)詞還可以用attain, get等等。在英語中可以說Acquire knowledge by study.(通過學(xué)習(xí)獲取知識(shí))。第43頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例4我們享受公費(fèi)醫(yī)療。誤:We enjoy free medical care.正:We are entitled to free medical care. 說明:從英語的角度看,無論什么樣的medical care都不會(huì)是“享受”(enjoy),be entitled to.是“有權(quán)利,有資格得到什么”的意思。第44頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例
26、5我們的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是深化改革。誤:To deepen reform is the most urgent task. 正:To deepen our commitment to reform is the top priority. 第45頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例6這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在上海。誤:The story takes place in Shanghai. 正:The story is set in Shanghai.第46頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四單從語法上看,上述誤譯例句似無可挑剔,但均在語義結(jié)構(gòu)上出了毛病。前5個(gè)誤例是動(dòng)詞
27、和賓語不搭配,最后一個(gè)是主語story和謂語take place不搭配。從某中意義上說,掌握英語就是要善于實(shí)現(xiàn)英漢兩種語義結(jié)構(gòu)的相互轉(zhuǎn)化,這種能力只有通過遞歸式反復(fù)實(shí)踐(recursive manipulation)才能習(xí)得。第47頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四10.4 漢譯英常見誤例選編漢譯英常見錯(cuò)誤很多,尤其是語法方面,可謂形形色色。正誤對(duì)比分析是通過實(shí)踐掌握英語的主要手段之一。下面誤例供參考。第48頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例1昨天晚上我們整晚在看電視。誤:We spent last evening watching the t
28、elevision.正:We spent last evening watching television. 說明:television是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞,不能加冠詞,也不能變成復(fù)數(shù),但加有set一字時(shí)則非加冠詞不可。如:She wont leave the television set even though her husband is waiting for his supper. 第49頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例2旅行社告訴我們了許多關(guān)于夏威夷的情形。誤:The travel agency sent us many informations about
29、the Hawaiian Islands.正:The travel agency sent us much information about the Hawaiian Islands. 說明:information也是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞,不能用復(fù)數(shù)。第50頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例3假期從明天開始。誤:The vacation begins from tomorrow. 正:The vacation begins tomorrow.第51頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例4這只表的價(jià)格很貴。誤:The price of the watc
30、h is dear. 正:The watch is dear. (or: The price of the watch is high.)說明:以物品為主語時(shí)用watch或一定價(jià)為主語時(shí)就用price。 第52頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例5旅行我總是坐二等艙。誤:I travel always by the second class. 正:I always travel second class. (or: I always take a second-class car. )第53頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四說明: 說坐幾等艙時(shí)不
31、需用介詞,若乘坐什么交通工具時(shí)才用,如:by train, by boat, by air 之類。在幾等的等級(jí)前不用定冠詞,但把travel改為take時(shí),則要在等級(jí)前加不定冠詞,等級(jí)后加一個(gè)名詞(如上譯例)。此外,take a second-class car已包含“旅行”之意,故沒有必要譯出 “when I travel”。第54頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例6我不想去。他也是。誤:I dont wish to go.So does he.誤:I dont wish to go.Nor does he.正:I dont wish to go.Neither d
32、oes he. 說明:nor為連詞,neither為副詞。第55頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例7. 我不喜歡喝酒。我兄弟也是一樣。誤:I dislike to drink. Neither does my brother.正:I dislike to drink. So does my brother.第56頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例8. 那一點(diǎn)是你錯(cuò)了。誤:You have mistaken in that point.正:You are mistaken on that point. 第57頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20
33、日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例9如果戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā),我們會(huì)變得怎樣呢?誤:What shall we become if war breaks out?正:What shall we become of / happen to us if war breaks out?說明:動(dòng)詞短語become of =happen to,意為“降臨”、“遭遇”,可為漢語的“怎樣”解。原文中“我們”是主語,譯成英語時(shí)改用“what”做主語。第58頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例10昨天晚上我們玩得很愉快。誤:We played very pleasantly last night. 正:We
34、enjoyed ourselves very much last night. Or: We had a good time last night. 第59頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例11如果他來,我會(huì)盡力為他服務(wù)。誤:If he will come, Im glad to do anything I can for him. 正: If he comes, Im glad to do anything I can for him. 第60頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例12. 王先生是1965年北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)的。誤:Mr. Wang
35、graduated Peking University in 1965.正:Mr. Wang graduated at Peking University in 1965. Or: Mr. Wang graduated from Peking University in 1965.第61頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例13我習(xí)慣于晚睡。誤:I am used to sit up at late at night. 正:I am used to sitting up late at night.(試比較: I used to sit up late at night.
36、 我以前常很遲睡覺 (現(xiàn)在睡得早了)。第62頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例14. 你喜歡看我收集的郵票嗎? 誤: Do you like to see my stamp collection?正: Would you like to see my stamp collection?第63頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例15我在1990年夏天離開紐約。誤:I left New York in the summer 1990. 正:I left New York in the summer of 1990.第64頁,共135頁,2022年,
37、5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例16他正忙著寫信。誤:He is busy to write a letter.正:He is busy writing a letter. 第65頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例17我想要一臺(tái)電腦,但我沒錢買。誤:I want a computer, but I cant afford to buy it.正:I want a computer, but I cant afford to buy one. 第66頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例18那地方像江南三月那么暖和。誤:The place is a
38、s warm as March of south of Yangtze River. 正:The place is as warm as south of Yangtze River in March.第67頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例19我跟叔父學(xué)英語。誤:I studied English from my uncle. 正:I studied English under my uncleor: I learned English from my uncle.or: I was taught English by my uncle.第68頁,共135頁,202
39、2年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例20他的職業(yè)是教師。誤:His profession is a teacher. 正:He is a teacher by profession. 第69頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例21 我的國(guó)籍是中國(guó)。誤:My nationality is China.正:My nationality is Chinese. 第70頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例22 我的教授主張我去申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。誤:My professor suggested me to apply for a scholarship.正:M
40、y professor suggested that I apply for a scholarship. 第71頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例23請(qǐng)立即回信。誤:Please reply this letter early. 正:Please answer this letter early. or: Please reply to this letter promptly. 第72頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例24他從不撒謊。誤:He always says the truth. 正:He always tells / speak
41、s the truth.or: He never tells a lie. 第73頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例25她找警察求救。誤:She ran to the police for getting help.正:She ran to the police to get help.or: She ran to the police for help.第74頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例26他的前妻生了兩個(gè)孩子。誤:He has two children of his former wife. 正:He has two childre
42、n by his former wife.說明:by有born to him的意思。第75頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例27她的意見和你的正相反。誤:His opinion is the very opposite to yours.正:His opinion is the very opposite of yours. 說明:這里用作名詞,故接of ,若用作形容詞,可接to,如:The result was quite opposite to what we had expected. (結(jié)果和我們預(yù)期的完全相反。)第76頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,
43、8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例28大多數(shù)的子女都想要獨(dú)立,不愿依賴他們的父母。誤:Most children want to be independent to their parents.正:Most children want to be independent of their parents. 說明:dependent后跟on,而independent后接of。第77頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例29我把窗子打開一下你不在乎吧?誤:Do you mind if I opened the window?正:Would you mind if I open the wi
44、ndow?Or: Do you mind my opening the window?第78頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例30她對(duì)中學(xué)教師講授教學(xué)法。誤: He lectured teaching methods to high school teachers. 正:He lectured to high school teachers on teaching methods /methodology. 第79頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例31不久又有新的麻煩發(fā)生了。誤:It didnt take long before new tr
45、oubles arose. 正:It wasnt long before new troubles arose. Or: It didnt take long for new troubles to arise. 第80頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例32我很高興接受你的邀請(qǐng)。誤:It gives me much pleasure in accepting your invitation. 正:It gives me much pleasure to accept your invitation.I have much pleasure in accepting y
46、our invitation. 第81頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四I take great pleasure in accepting your invitation. 說明:take great pleasure = greatly enjoy.如說Have the pleasure則后不接in而接of ,如 I have the pleasure of accepting your invitation. 也是通的,不過此種語法多用于下類句中: 第82頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四May I have the pleasure of
47、 taking a glass of wine with you? I once have the pleasure of being introduced to you.I am sorry I cannot have the pleasure of accompanying you today. I hope you will give me the pleasure of dining with me at 8 oclock tomorrow evening at my place. There are many famous men whom I have not yet had th
48、e pleasure of meeting so far. 第83頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例33他給了我一張五百美元的支票。誤:He gave me a check of 500.正:He gave me a check for 500. 第84頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例34他呼吸有大蒜味道。誤:His breath smells with garlic.正:His breath smells of garlic. 說明:又例如,“這咖啡有點(diǎn)大蒜味道”不可譯為This coffee has a garlic taste. 應(yīng)譯
49、為This coffee tastes of garlic. 第85頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例35錯(cuò)誤顯然是在你那邊。誤:The fault clearly lies at your side. 正:The fault clearly lies with your side.不及物動(dòng)詞后可接各種的介詞含義各有不同,如:第86頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四1Sheets of paper lie about the room. 紙張撒滿一地。2The village lies across the river. 村莊在河的對(duì)岸。3Ac
50、cusation of theft lay against him. 有人控告他犯盜竊罪。4The path lies along a stream.小路沿溪。第87頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四5The hot springs lie among pretty scenery. 溫泉所在之處風(fēng)光明媚。6The blame lies at his door. 是他錯(cuò)了。7A happy future lies before you. 幸福就在你的前面。8What mystery lay behind the disappearance of the girl?少女失
51、蹤的后面潛在著什么秘密?第88頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四9The truth lies between extremes. 真理存在兩個(gè)極端之間。10He has the manuscripts lying by him for the next number. 下一期的原稿在他那里。11The charm of travel lies in its new experiences. 旅行的妙處在于新奇的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。第89頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四12The book lies on the floor. 書在地上。13A white
52、mist lay over London. 倫敦被白霧所籠罩。14The person lies under the suspicion of corruption.那人有受賄的嫌疑。15. The ship is lying off the mouth of the river. 船停在河口以外。第90頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四16The choice lies with you.任你選擇?!發(fā)ie with” :“是. 的義務(wù)”,“是的責(zé)任”, 例如:17It lies with you to decide. 決定的責(zé)任在你。(你有義務(wù)來做決定。取決于你。)
53、18It lies with you to decide or reject the proposal. 接受或拒絕那個(gè)建議就全看你了。19The fault does not lie with the government officials. 責(zé)任不在政府官員。第91頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例36那房間是用電力照明的。誤:The room is lighted with electricity. 正:The room is lighted by (means of ) electricity. The room is lighted with electr
54、ic lamps. 說明:用于無形的手段要用by,與抽象名詞連用;但用于有形的手段用with,與普通名詞連用。為electricity抽象名詞,為electric lamps普通名詞。第92頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例37我剛把它寫完了。誤:I have written it just now. 正:I have just written it. I wrote it just now. 第93頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例38我在下星期天去那里。誤:I will go there Sunday next. 正:I will go
55、there next Sunday. I will go there on Sunday next. 說明:凡last, next等詞用于星期、年、月、之前時(shí),可將介詞略去,用在那些詞后面,就須加上介詞。第94頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例39他稱贊他妹妹的勤快。誤:He praised his sisters diligence. 正:He praised his sister for her diligence.第95頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例40一個(gè)月有500元就夠生活了。誤:Five hundred yuan a mont
56、h is enough to live.正:Five hundred yuan a month is enough to live on. 說明:live是不及物動(dòng),后加介詞on,意為“以(某種收入、金錢)為生”。第96頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例41我從他是小孩子的時(shí)候就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。誤:I have known him since a child. 正:I have known him from a child. I have known him since his childhood.第97頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例42我們登
57、的愈高,天氣愈冷。誤:We ascended the higher, it became the colder.正:The higher we ascended, the colder it became. 第98頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例43 他既不會(huì)說漢語,也不會(huì)說英語。誤:He neither speaks Chinese nor English.正: He speaks neither Chinese nor English.第99頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例44消防隊(duì)員死了不止一人。誤:More than one fi
58、remen were killed. 正:More than one fireman was killed.說明: “more than” 通常接單數(shù)名詞或動(dòng)詞。例如: “More than more one man has told me so.” 但是說 “There are more than one man here.”和 “There is more than one man here.” 都正確。第100頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例45 他打了她的頭,使她不省人事達(dá)一小時(shí)之久。誤:When he struck her head, she remain
59、ed unconscious for an hour. 正:After he struck her on the head, she remained unconscious for an hour. She remained unconscious for an hour after he struck her on the head.第101頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例46那便是我所收到的最后的消息。誤:That is the last news Ive received. 正:That is the latest news Ive received.第10
60、2頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例47雙方的意見并沒有什么不同。誤:There is no difference between both views. 正:There is no difference between their views.There is no difference between in their views.第103頁,共135頁,2022年,5月20日,8點(diǎn)55分,星期四例48我在橋頭和她分手。誤:I parted with him on the bridge. 正:I parted from him on the bridge.說明:p
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