2021高考英語閱讀理解歷年考題分析、技法精講課件(共99張)

1、高考英語閱讀理解高考英語閱讀理解分不高原因分析做題步驟與方法歷年考情分析題型與解題技巧目錄分不高原因分析做題步驟與方法歷年考情分析題型與解題技巧目分不高 1.語言知識問題 1).詞匯量不達(dá)標(biāo),識記的單詞太少 2).語法基礎(chǔ)較差 2.背景知識問題 3.分析能力問題 4.心理因素問題 有些學(xué)生在閱讀中因粗心大意而導(dǎo)致失誤。 分不高 1.語言知識問題 做題步驟與方法做題步驟與方法策 略 1.強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練 擴(kuò)大詞匯量的最好方法是大量閱讀 還需要學(xué)一點(diǎn)構(gòu)詞法前綴、后綴 和合成 2.豐富背景知識 3.注意體裁特點(diǎn) 4.注意正確的閱讀方法的使用策 略 1.強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練 1. 跳讀：就是快速的一步閱讀法。實(shí)際

2、上是有選擇閱讀，找關(guān)鍵詞。用這種閱讀方法回答who、what、when、where之類的問題最為有效。2. 略讀：指比跳讀慢些的二步閱讀法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速閱讀，目的是了解大意，對文章有個(gè)總的概念。此種閱讀方法能回答why、how之類的問題。3. 精讀：即最細(xì)致、最慢的深層閱讀方法，目的是求得對所讀文章的全部意義的理解與掌握。 方 法1. 跳讀：就是快速的一步閱讀法。實(shí)際上是有選擇閱讀，找關(guān)鍵心、手、頭、口共用 強(qiáng)作語法分析心、手、頭、口共用 強(qiáng)作語法分析解題步驟 1. 帶著問題閱讀短文。 2. 找出主題句、確定中心思想。 3. 推斷單詞、句子和文章的含義。 4. 盡快選擇答案。 堅(jiān)持每天

3、3篇，且限時(shí)。解題步驟 1. 帶著問題閱讀短文。 堅(jiān)持每天3篇，且限時(shí)。閱讀理解考情分析閱讀理解考情分析核心考點(diǎn)2017北京卷2016北京卷2015北京卷2014北京卷2013北京卷細(xì)節(jié)理解96896主旨大意23213推理判斷44345詞義猜測01111邏輯推理01100核心考點(diǎn)2017北京卷2016北京卷2015北京卷2014北題型及解題技巧題型及解題技巧1細(xì)節(jié)理解5猜測詞義2主旨大意6篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題型分類3推理判斷4觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度1細(xì)節(jié)理解5猜測詞義2主旨大意6篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題型分類3推理判斷4專題一：細(xì)節(jié)理解專題一：細(xì)節(jié)理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題簡介問題包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(

4、where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果(effect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。主要考查學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常?？疾檫@些細(xì)節(jié)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題簡介問題包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間常見問題形式Which of the following is true/false except? Which of the following is mentioned except特點(diǎn)： 三正一誤/三誤一正常見問題形式Which of the following i1. According to the passage, who/ what/

5、 which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ How soon/ how often, etc. ?2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true?3. According to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ?4. All of the following are true EXCEPT _.5. In the passage the writer

6、states that _.6. Choose the best order in which the people do_.1. According to the passage, w解題技巧答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到 但不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣解題技巧答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到 A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river. This

7、 huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in thi

8、s dam to build a highway from New Yoik to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United State s. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the w

9、orld, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q： Hoover Dam lies_A. between Arizona and NevadaB. in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B A giant dam was built many Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only si

10、x years old, Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However, it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing,

11、singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.Q： Which of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. Mi

12、ss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Q： According to scie

13、ntists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散發(fā)) in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels reported to the Earth Polic Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing

14、 to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions ,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluan to live

15、there,” Laupepa told the BBC.Q： Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B. sign an agreement with TuvaluC. allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real故意用與原文中一模一樣的詞來迷惑考生 Laupepa expresse

16、d dissatis Jack London was a famous American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and con

17、tinued to spend money he did not have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.Q： Jack Londons last days were _.A. usual onesB. not poor onesC. rich onesD. unhappy ones Jack London was a famous ATuition Fees (學(xué)費(fèi)) Tuition fees are different from department to department, ge

18、nerally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui waikatoacnz. Accommodation (住宿) You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc waikatoacnzQ： You have to

19、pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000$5000(學(xué)費(fèi))+$100(住宿費(fèi))x12(months)+$150(生活費(fèi))x12=$8000Tuition Fees (學(xué)費(fèi)) Tuition 專題二：主旨大意專題二：主旨大意主旨大意題簡介考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析歸納文章的段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征、環(huán)境特點(diǎn)的能力?？疾榭忌庸づc濃縮信息的能力要求考生能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心句；要求能較

20、好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，難度較大，屬于高層次題。主旨大意題簡介考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，也包常見問題形式1. 標(biāo)題類常見的題型:The best title/ headline for this passage might be_.The text (passage) could be entitled .What is the best title for the passage? Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 常見問題形式1. 標(biāo)題類常見的題型

21、:常見問題形式2. 大意類常見題型This passage chiefly deals with_. Whats the topic of the article? What is the subject discussed in the text? With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?常見問題形式2. 大意類常見題型常見問題形式3. 目的主旨大意常見題型The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_.The passage is meant to _ The purpose

22、of this article is _常見問題形式3. 目的主旨大意常見題型解題技巧概括主題抓標(biāo)題抓高頻詞解題技巧概括主題主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式 1. 文首提出主題, 隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式。主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式 1. 文首 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), can

23、cer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? Smoking cigare

24、ttes is harmThe panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.The panda is a p

25、opular animal.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we c

26、ontinue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.Today the problem of environme主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式 2. 文尾在表述細(xì)節(jié)后, 歸納要點(diǎn), 印象, 結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果, 以概括主題. 這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式。主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式 2. 文尾Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal. And

27、the man who knows“everything” may really only be trying tohide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearanceOften no one looks more guiltySome students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Stil

28、l others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.Some students prefer a strict 主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式 3. 文中通常前面只提出問題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出, 而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展。主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式 3. 文中 If you were planning to buy a television set, the fo

29、llowing advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right

30、 for you” It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.Q: The paragraph could be entitled

31、 _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale (detail)(detail)(detail) If you were planning to buyNothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight br

32、ings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.Nothing is as useful as a flas主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式 4. 無主題句即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒有明確的主題句. 必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的

33、是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式 4. 無主題句Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal backgroun

34、d. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom wa

35、s an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetailTom studied four years at the Types Of Paragraph StructuresTypeThe position of the topicInformation wordsNo clear topic sentenceAt the beginningAt the endIn the middlefor exampleso, t

36、herefore,Types Of Paragraph StructuresT文章中的but, however, as a result, therefore等詞。它們通常是引出中心主旨的方向詞。而for example, first, or to begin with等是引出細(xì)節(jié)的信息詞，在它們之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。文章中的but, however, as a result,How to get the main idea of a passage?How to get the main idea of a ( Passage B(NMET2003)Reading to dogs is

37、 an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt La

38、ke City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the leve

39、l of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. Ab

40、out 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public

41、 relations manager.59. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program. ( Passage B(NMET2003 ( Passage B(NMET2003)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their lite

42、racy skills(讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in

43、the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of readin

44、g aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-

45、afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.59. What is mainly discussed in

46、the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.Example and success of the program ( Passage B(NMET2003detailsParagraph ideasPassage ideadetailsParagraph ideasPassage ExercisesExercises 1. Magellans men were the

47、 first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. 2. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, o

48、n which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,

49、 where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. 3. Magellans voyage proved that men could

50、sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. 1. Magellans men were th 1. Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world . 1. Magellans men were th 2. Magellan was

51、from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suf

52、fered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greate

53、st difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. 1. time2. ships and people3. route4. Sufferingsand difficultiesa. Lack of food and freshwaterb. Hunger and diseases c. Deaths5. successThe process of M

54、agellans long difficult voyage 2. Magellan was from Port 3. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round. 3. Magellans voyage prov 1. Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It

55、took them more than two years to do so by ship. 2. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very

56、often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and contin

57、ued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. 3. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is b

58、ut a huge ball. Para 1: Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world .Para 2: The process of Magellans long difficult voyagePara 3: Magellans voyage proved the earth is round.Magellans voyage 1. Magellans men were th 1. Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took

59、them more than two years to do so by ship. 2. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often

60、 they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued t