高考英語閱讀理解之測(cè)試點(diǎn)與選項(xiàng)設(shè)置課件

1、高考英語閱讀理解之測(cè)試點(diǎn)與選項(xiàng)設(shè)置高考英語閱讀理解之測(cè)試點(diǎn)與選項(xiàng)設(shè)置考試大綱要求 考生能讀懂選自一般英語原版圖書、報(bào)紙和雜志的文章和英語國(guó)家日常生活中常見的文字材料，如旅游、休閑、文藝活動(dòng)等的介紹資料。這些文章和文字材料的文體涵蓋記敘文、議論文、說明文和應(yīng)用文等。1、理解主旨和要義；2、理解文中具體信息；3、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；4、做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；5、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；6、理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。 考試大綱要求 考生能讀懂選自一般英語原版圖書、主旨大意題篇章主旨：概括全文的主題。段落主旨：某一自然段或某幾自然段的主題。文章的最佳標(biāo)題。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)圖。命題多發(fā)處：首段、末段、段首的

2、語義轉(zhuǎn)折處或每段的居首。設(shè)題常用詞：the best titlemain purpose/ topic/idea.mainly tell us that，is mainly about， the right structure of the passage 主旨大意題篇章主旨：概括全文的主題。命題多發(fā)處：首段、末段、（全國(guó)卷I D篇）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to s

3、ay. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(間隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understan

4、ding a persons needs. 35. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and SilenceB. What It Means to Be SilentC. Silence to Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold1（全國(guó)卷I D篇）The meaning of silenc（2019 湖南卷 C篇） A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has comeup with the unexpec

5、ted conclusion that the African elephant isdivided into two distinct (不同的)species. 70. Which of the following can be the best little for the passage? A. Naturalists Beliefs about Elephants B. Amazing Experiments about Elephants C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants D. A Long Scientific Debate abo

6、ut Elephants2（2019 湖南卷 C篇）2干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置 以偏概全 用某一自然段的大意來概括整篇文章的中心思想。斷章取義 以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代全文或某段主要觀點(diǎn)。過度概括 選項(xiàng)歸納概括的范圍過大，超出文章闡述的內(nèi)容。捏造事實(shí) 與文章內(nèi)容毫不相干或與文章內(nèi)容相悖。 干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置 以偏概全 用某一自然段的大意來概括整篇文章的中（2019全國(guó)卷II C篇）Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet

7、to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping

8、 that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park ben

9、ches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their

10、books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虛擬). The site now has more than one million members in more tha

11、n one hundred thirty-five countries.32. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books3（2019全國(guó)卷II C篇）Reading can be 31. What is the authors purpose in writing the tex

12、t?A. To show how to grow apples. B .To introduce an apple festival.C. To help people select apples. D. To promote apple research.(2019全國(guó)卷III C篇) If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like App

13、le Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious

14、 and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesnt taste of anything special, its still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity th

15、an anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events,

16、you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial

17、orchards (果園). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.431. What is the authors purpo(2018全國(guó)卷III D篇) Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rul

18、es for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and s

19、ob stories.“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a

20、 Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communicatione-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people

21、 experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findin

22、gs was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired n

23、egative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激發(fā)) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Th

24、ings Catch On.” 35 .What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Sad Stories Travel Far and WideB .Online News Attracts More PeopleC. Reading Habits Change with the TimesD. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks5(2018全國(guó)卷III D篇) Bad news sel（2019 安徽卷 D篇） The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted an

25、d friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived（復(fù)興）its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung withou

26、t instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.70. The last paragraph is mainly about_. A. the Irish character B. Irish culture C. Irish musical instruments D. a famous Irish writer6（2019 安徽卷 D篇）6 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 事實(shí)認(rèn)定題:以when, where, what, which, who,

27、 how much/many 等疑問詞開頭引出問題。 其他形式：排序、數(shù)字換算、表格理解、圖形辨認(rèn)等。 正確項(xiàng)的設(shè)置：直接使用原文詞句； 原文詞句的同義詞或同義轉(zhuǎn)換。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 事實(shí)認(rèn)定題:以when, where, wha(2016全國(guó)卷III C篇) Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious

28、 and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesnt taste of anything special, its still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity th

29、an anything else.728. What can people do at the apple events?A. Attend expertslectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.(2016全國(guó)卷III C篇) 728. What can （2020 山東卷 D篇） He says his team has set two goals .One is testing with real patients,

30、so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time. 74The team will test with real patients to _. A. make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to them C. make them live longer D. learn a

31、bout their physical condition8（2020 山東卷 D篇）8干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置 1. 答非所問。選項(xiàng)是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容?；蛘咧皇抢迷闹械脑~匯編造選項(xiàng)。 2. 無中生有。選項(xiàng)符合常理，但無法在原文中找到語義的來源 和依據(jù)。3. 張冠李戴。把屬于甲的特征放在乙的身上。4. 偷梁換柱。所使用的句子結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯等與原文很相似，只是 在不易引人注意的地方更換了一兩個(gè)詞，造成句意的改變； 干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置 1. 答非所問。選項(xiàng)是原文信息，但不是題目要求(2018全國(guó)I卷 C篇) (Para 2) I had one trip last year where I was c

32、aught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for youthere are no fights

33、from Washington. ” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re

34、-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To LondonB. To NewarkC. To Providence D. To Washington79(2018全國(guó)I卷 C篇) 792019全國(guó)卷I A篇 Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social w

35、orker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社區(qū))by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Sandra Day OConnor(1930-prese

36、nt)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(參議員) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many importa

37、nt cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913-2005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year,

38、and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in, “said Parks.21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.22. What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by t

39、he law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day OConnor.D. Rosa Park

40、s.102019全國(guó)卷I A篇 21.What is Jane A11（2019全國(guó)卷I B 篇 ）“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and

41、how important it is to be near them, especially when youre raising children.”27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little respect for their grandparents.

42、11（2019全國(guó)卷I B 篇 ）（2018 全國(guó)卷A篇） Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it in the back porch （門廊）. Every so often my sons friends will ask what it is. So I started stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friends

43、hip along with his milk. 59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box? A. He missed the good old days. B. He wanted to tell interesting stories. C. He needed it for his milk bottles. D. He planted flowers in it. 12（2018 全國(guó)卷A篇）12（2018安徽卷E篇）For a flat with one bedroom, one dining-room, a kit

44、chen, and a bathroom, the couple will pay about $900 a month. Whats more, if they want to have a child, the childs education is very expensive. For example, most kindergarten charges are at least $5,000 a year. In such a situation, its difficult to afford children. 74. To buy a flat and send a child

45、 to kindergarten, how much will a couple pay each year? A. $5,000 B. $5,900 C. $10,800 D. $15,800($90012 $5,000) 13（2018安徽卷E篇）For a flat with on詞義猜測(cè)題熟詞新義、合成詞、轉(zhuǎn)化詞與派生詞等。完全的生詞。代詞的指代關(guān)系。 命題條件 這個(gè)詞是可以分析的，即可以運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)（如前、后綴等）來判斷它的詞義；有較完整連貫的語境，可根據(jù)上下文（包括對(duì)比、因果、同等關(guān)系等）推測(cè)其詞義；后面帶有定語（從句）、同位語、表語、甚至用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說

46、明。詞義猜測(cè)題熟詞新義、合成詞、轉(zhuǎn)化詞與派生詞等。命題條件 14（2020全國(guó)卷I C篇）I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips- of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干細(xì)胞）in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the

47、stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐獻(xiàn)者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1? A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor14（202

48、0全國(guó)卷I C篇）15（全國(guó)卷II B篇）Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But Im just not creative.”27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Dra

49、wback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden. 15（全國(guó)卷II B篇）Encouraging this k（全國(guó)卷II C篇） Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have

50、 an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. 30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to ?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number. 16（全國(guó)卷II C篇）30. What does the un（ 湖南卷 B篇） He was judged unfit to return to sea and took

51、 a shorejob in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I canremember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused bythe torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.63.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to the fathers _. A. w

52、eak heart B. taking a shore job C. failure to return to sea D. injury caused by a torpedo 17（ 湖南卷 B篇）17干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置 字面意思：字面意思或常規(guī)含義。無關(guān)意思：憑空杜撰出來的其他意思。3. 易混詞。干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置 字面意思：字面意思或常規(guī)含義。（ 福建卷 E篇） Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest（投入）in them. We invest a lot in a sma

53、ll number of people and then distribution whats left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（減弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.73. The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragr

54、aph probably means “ ”. A. appointment B. connection C. interview D. agreement 18（ 福建卷 E篇）1830. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope. (白日夢(mèng))C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.(全國(guó)卷III C篇) There are also varieties developed to suit s

55、pecific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.1930. What does the underlined p(全國(guó)卷III B篇) “My friends said: Now we believe

56、 your stories,” Welty added. “And I said: Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.”The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys _.A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories20(全國(guó)卷III B篇) The underlined wor推理判斷題推斷寫作目的和意圖。推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。判斷文章的出處。推斷文章的深層的內(nèi)在涵義。 設(shè)題常用詞：infer, i

57、mply, indicate, suggest，show等特點(diǎn)：信息來源于細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，但是是從表面看實(shí)質(zhì)和內(nèi)涵。 推理判斷題推斷寫作目的和意圖。設(shè)題常用詞：infer, im（2011 北京卷 C篇） Im not saying that I wont ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, Im sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dia

58、logue is just too sweet to give up.66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author _.A. is quite stubborn B. will give up teaching history C. will change his teaching plan soon D. values technology-free dialogues in his class 21（2011 北京卷 C篇）2122（全國(guó)卷I A篇）You probably know who Marie Cur

59、ie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for p

60、eace. She encouraged a sense of community(社區(qū))by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist