2021譯林版高中英語選擇性必修二課文翻譯

1、譯林版高中英語選擇性必修二UNIT 1 The mass mediaAll of us who professionally use the mass media are the shapers of society. William Bernbach我們所有專業(yè)使用大眾傳媒的人都是社會的塑造者。 威廉伯恩巴克Reading (P2-3)Be a critical news reader! 做一名有判斷力的新聞讀者!Firefighters put out tower block fire 消防員撲滅高樓大火Firefighters quickly put out the Henderson

2、Tower fire last night. The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floor trapped. Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services. Fire engin

3、es and ambulances, called at 9:30 p.m., reached the scene within 15 minutes. By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor. Firefighters got the situation under control around 11 p.m. There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules

4、. 昨晚消防員迅速撲滅了亨德森樓的大火。周日晚上的這場火災據(jù)認為起于9樓，并迅速蔓延至整棟大樓，導致9樓以上的人被困。根據(jù)緊急服務機構(gòu)公布的數(shù)據(jù)，人們更加擔心死亡人數(shù)可能達到5人。昨晚9點30分，消防車和救護車接到報警，并于15分鐘內(nèi)趕到火災現(xiàn)場。此時火勢已蔓延至16樓。晚上11點左右，消防員控制住了火勢。有人擔心建造這棟高樓的建筑公司沒有遵守消防安全規(guī)范。Deadly fire in tower block causes serious damage高樓致命大火造成嚴重災害A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night, leaving the Hende

5、rson Tower seriously damaged. Emergency services estimate that the number of deaths could reach 9. By this morning, 4 people have been confirmed dead. The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition. Lisa Mayer, 29, is among the lucky ones who only suffered min

6、or injuries. She recalled, “I was about to have a bath when l heard people screaming and dogs barking. I looked outside and the smoke was choking me. It was like an awful dream.”周日晚間突發(fā)一場可怕的大火，致使亨德森樓嚴重受損。緊急服務機構(gòu)估計死亡人數(shù)可能達到9人。截至今天上午，已有4人確認死亡。大火還造成數(shù)十人受傷，其中5人傷勢嚴重。29歲的莉薩邁耶是只受了輕傷的幸運人士之一。她回憶說：“我正要洗澡，就聽到有人尖叫，

7、還有狗在叫。我向外看去，卻被濃煙嗆住。這就像一場可怕的夢。”Mr Peterson, head of the fire service, confirms that a dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster. A team is currently investigating the accident further.消防

8、機構(gòu)長官彼得森先生證實，一個掉在9樓一塊地毯上的煙頭引起了火災，而自動消防報警器沒有及時報警，因而導致了災難的發(fā)生。調(diào)查組目前正在進一步調(diào)查這起事故。Reading news reports critically 批判性地閱讀新聞報道We rely on news to learn about what is happening in the world around us. However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information.

9、How do these differences come about?我們依賴新聞來了解周圍的世界正在發(fā)生什么事情。然而，我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，對同一事件的不同報道往往包含不相同甚至互相矛盾的信息。這些差異是如何產(chǎn)生的?It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event. Lets take the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire as an exam

10、ple. We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts, while the second talks more about deaths and injuries. When we read more than one report, we come to understand an event in a more comprehensive way. 明智的做法是記住記者眼中的頭等大事可能會有所不同，這會影響他們?nèi)绾螆蟮酪粍t事件。讓我們以這兩篇有關(guān)亨德森樓火災的新聞報道為例。我

11、們可以看到，第一篇新聞報道更關(guān)注救援工作，而第二篇談論更多的則是傷亡情況。當我們讀到不止一篇報道時，我們就能更全面地了解一則事件。Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing. For instance, the numbers of

12、 deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire. When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information. Instead, check when the reports were written. News reports written at different stages of an ev

13、ent could contain different information as new facts are brought to light. Another aspect worthy of mention is that journalists may approach information they get from research or interviews differently. Suppose emergency services estimates of the number of deaths vary between 5 and 9. Journalists ma

14、y choose to present the minimum, the maximum or something in between in their news reports. Therefore, checking different sources enables us to draw a more informed conclusion. 即使新聞報道的撰寫角度基本相同, 它們也可能在事實性的細節(jié)上相互矛盾, 因為現(xiàn)實世界中的事件通常是復雜且不斷變化的。例如，在兩篇有關(guān)亨德森樓火災的新聞報道中，死亡人數(shù)截然不同。當我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些事實性差異時，不應急于下結(jié)論，認為其中一篇新聞報道提供了

15、錯誤信息。相反，要核查這些報道的撰寫時間。隨著新的事實被披露，在一則事件的不同階段撰寫的新聞報道可能包含不同的信息。另一個值得一提的方面是，記者可能會以不同的方式處理他們從研究或采訪中獲得的信息。假設緊急服務機構(gòu)估計的死亡人數(shù)在5人到9人之間，記者可能會選擇在他們的新聞報道中呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的最小值、最大值或中間的某個數(shù)值。因此，核實信息的不同來源能夠讓我們得出更有根據(jù)的結(jié)論。To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages, which brings

16、 us a more accurate understanding of a situation. We also need to be critical about the information we receive and remember not to blindly trust what we have read. Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. With

17、 great discrimination, every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader. 總之，閱讀從不同角度、不同階段寫就的新聞報道是明智之舉，這樣可以讓我們更準確地了解情況。我們也需要批判性地看待我們接收到的信息，并且記住不要盲目相信我們讀到的新聞。盡管記者致力于呈現(xiàn)真相，我們最好還是運用自己的判斷力，而非完全依賴新聞報道。有了明辨是非的能力，我們每個人都有潛力成為一名有判斷力的新聞讀者。Extended reading (P11-12)Advertising: the power of persuasio

18、n 廣告：說服的力量In just one day, a person can see hundreds of marketing messages. Advertising has become part of modern life. But what is advertising exactly? In short, it refers to the activity of promoting a product or service. In other words, it tries to persuade people to buy a product or service. 短短一

19、天之內(nèi)，一個人就能見到數(shù)百條促銷信息。廣告已然成為現(xiàn)代生活的一部分。但是，廣告究竟是什么?簡單地說，廣告指的是推銷一種產(chǎn)品或服務的活動。換言之，廣告試圖說服人們購買一種產(chǎn)品或服務。The history of advertising has always been closely linked with that of the mass media. From the ancientsimple advertisements painted on outdoor signs to the colourful, interactive ones in smartphone apps, adver

20、tising and the mass media have developed hand in hand. As media channels have grown in number and type, so have advertisements. 廣告的歷史一直以來都與大眾傳媒的歷史息息相關(guān)。從古代畫在戶外招牌上的簡單的廣告，到智能手機應用程序里豐富多彩的交互式廣告，廣告一直與大眾傳媒攜手發(fā)展。隨著媒體渠道數(shù)量的增長和類型的豐富，廣告也在不斷發(fā)展。Because the mass media reaches so many people, it is a perfect vehicle

21、 for advertisers. If an advertisement is placed on a popular website or on TV at peak times, a huge number of people will know about the product or service it is advertising. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement will also create a desire to buy, thus

22、 boosting business. That is why when a company wants to promote a product or service, it often launches a mass media advertising campaign.大眾傳媒的受眾十分廣泛，正因如此，廣告商視其為廣告宣傳 的完美工具。如果一則廣告投放在一個熱門網(wǎng)站或在電視黃金 時段播出，許多人都會知曉它所宣傳的產(chǎn)品或服務。一則成功的廣告除了讓人們知曉一種產(chǎn)品或服務外，還能激發(fā)購買欲，從而增加銷售量。這就是為什么當一家公司想要推銷產(chǎn)品或服務時，往往會在大眾傳媒上發(fā)起一場廣告活動。Base

23、d on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services. A common technique to make an impact is to create a memorable slogan. Slogans use simple but impressive language to make us remember the product or se

24、rvice being advertised. Some of these slogans may also appeal to our emotions. For example, a slogan may connect a fine china teapot it aims to promote with our pride in having good taste. You will hear a variety of slogans any time you watch TV. Think about your favourite one. What makes it special

25、? And what message does it try to get across? A slogan which communicates an idea effectively can boost sales and even become part of popular culture. That is the power of memorable slogans.基于激發(fā)購買欲背后的心理特征，廣告商研究出了各種方法說服人們購買他們的產(chǎn)品或服務。一種用于影響消費者的常見手段是創(chuàng)作一則令人難忘的廣告語。廣告語用簡單但令人印象深刻的語言使我們記住它所宣傳的產(chǎn)品或服務。有些廣告語還能引起

26、我們的情感共鳴。例如，一則廣告語可能會用其打算推銷的一款精美的瓷器茶壺，讓我們聯(lián)想到擁有高雅的品味所帶來的自豪感。無論何時打開電視，你都會聽到各種各樣的廣告語。想想你最喜歡的那則廣告。它有什么特別之處?它試圖傳達什么樣的信息?一則有效傳達一種理念的廣告語可以增加銷售量，甚至成為流行文化的一部分。這就是令人難忘的廣告語所擁有的力量。Another technique advertisers often employ is to link their company or product to a “brand ambassador”a famous actor, a sports star, o

27、r even a fictional character. Think of a popular fast-food restaurant. Does it have a brand ambassador? Is the brand ambassador popular among potential customers? The more we like the brand ambassador, the more we will be attracted to buy the product.廣告商常用的另一種手段是將其公司或產(chǎn)品與一位“品牌大使”聯(lián)系起來，例如一位著名演員、體育明星，甚至

28、是一個虛構(gòu)人物。想想一家很受歡迎的快餐店。它有品牌大使嗎?這位品牌大使是否受到潛在消費者的喜愛?我們越喜歡這位品牌大使，就越會受其吸引而去購買相關(guān)產(chǎn)品。Of course, some advertisements are not so obvious: product placement is typically used in films with huge box-office success and TV shows with high ratings. Some films are now sponsored by leading brands, so that only their

29、products appear in the films, like the watches worn by the title character in the James Bond films. Other types of mass media use product placement too, including video games. It is not uncommon for sports video game series to feature different in-game equipment with real brand names. We absorb thes

30、e marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they will probably have an effect on us the next time we go shopping.當然，有些廣告并不那么明顯。在超高票房的電影或高收視率 的電視節(jié)目中，植入式廣告是很典型的。如今有些電影由知名品牌贊助，因而只有該品牌的產(chǎn)品會出現(xiàn)在電影中，比如“007”系列電影的主人公詹姆斯邦德佩戴的手表。其他類型的大眾傳媒也會有植入式廣告，包括電子游戲。在體育電子游戲系列中，用真實的品牌名給不同的游戲裝備命名的做法并不罕見。我們沒

31、有多加思考就吸收了這些促銷信息，而這些信息有可能在我們下次購物時對我們產(chǎn)生影響。In the past, advertising was all about reaching as many people as possible with the same message. Now, advertising is becoming more digital and more personalized. Already we may see online advertisements for products or services we have previously searched for

32、 on the Internet, and we are very likely to receive special discounts and promotions targeted specifically at us. In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific needs. Not only will this make them fe

33、el more valued and enable them to see what they are most interested in, but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently to have a positive effect on sales. 在過去，廣告只是要向盡可能多的人傳播同樣的信息。而現(xiàn)在，廣告則變得更加數(shù)字化與個性化。我們或許已經(jīng)見過針對自己之前在網(wǎng)上搜索過的產(chǎn)品或服務的在線廣告，而且很可能會收到專門為我們定制的特別折扣和促銷活動。在未來，廣告將更注重對個體消費者的了解

34、，并向他們發(fā)送針對其特定需求而量身定制的廣告。這不僅會讓消費者覺得自己備受重視，還能讓他們看到自己最感興趣的東西，此外也能幫助公司更加有效地鎖定目標客戶，從而對銷售量產(chǎn)生積極影響。 UNIT 2 Sports cultureSport teaches you character, it teaches you to play by the rules, it teaches you to know what it feels like to win and loseit teaches you about life.Billie Jean King體育塑造你的性格，教會你遵守規(guī)則，讓你體會輸贏

35、它教會你生活。 比莉簡金Reading (P16-17)The Olympic Games 奧林匹克運動會Every four years, thousands of highly trained and talented athletes gather together in the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play, ready to test their abilities against each other in the hope of being recognized as the best of the best. Th

36、is is the Olympicsan extraordinary sporting event that was first celebrated about 3, 000 years ago. 每隔四年，成千上萬訓練有素、極具天賦的運動員承著友誼、團結(jié)和公平爭的奧林匹克精神聚集在一起，準備挑戰(zhàn)彼此的能力，希望成為世界公認的精英中的精英。這就是奧林匹克運動會項非凡的體育賽事，首次舉辦于大約3，000年前。Subheading 1 _The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE. During the early Games, onl

37、y Greek men were allowed to participate. They competed in such events as boxing, running and the long jump. The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 centuries, until they eventually died out around the year 393. 首屆古代奧林匹克運動會于公元前77年舉辦。在早期的運會上，只有希臘男子才被允許參加

38、比賽。他們參加的比賽項目有拳擊、賽跑和跳遠等。古代林匹克運動會每四年在希臘的奧林匹亞舉行一次，持續(xù)了近12個世紀，直到393年左右才最終停止舉辦。More than 1,500 years later, however, the Games rose again. The modern Olympics were first held in 1896, in Athens. It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. His dream was that the Olympics

39、 would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace. For over a century, people from diverse backgrounds have made joint efforts to help realize Coubertins dream. 但是1,500多年后，奧運會再次興起。首屆現(xiàn)代奧運會于1896年在雅典舉行。是一位叫皮塊爾德顧拜旦的法國人使奧運會重現(xiàn)生機。他的夢想是奧運會能夠幫助不同種族、不同文化的人們和

40、平共處。一個多世紀以來，來自不同背景的人們共同努力，幫助實現(xiàn)顧拜旦的夢想。Subheading 2 _Motivated by the Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, many well-known athletes, both male and female, have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement. One such Olympian was the boxer Cass

41、ius Clay. He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light-heavyweight gold medal for the USA, demonstrating great talent and personality in the process. Afterwards, this young man proceeded to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964, and later changed his name

42、to the one we all knowMuhammad Ali. He returned to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony. By the time he died in 2016, Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time. 他們當中有許多著名的運動員，有男有女。在奧林匹克口號“更快、更高、更強”的激勵下，他們力爭取得體育運動上的杰出成就并不斷突破人類成就的極限。

43、奧林匹克運動會上的知名運動員拳擊手卡修斯-克萊就是這樣一位奧運選手。他在1960年羅馬奧運會上引起了人們的關(guān)注，當時他為美國贏得了輕重量級拳擊金牌，并在比賽過程中展現(xiàn)了過人的天賦和優(yōu)秀的品性。之后，這個年輕人接著在1964年贏得了世界重量級拳擊錦標賽冠軍，后來改名為我們熟知的那個名字默罕默德-阿里。他重返1996年亞特蘭大奧運會，在開幕式上點燃奧運圣火。到2016年去世時，阿里一直被公認為有史以來最偉大的拳擊手之一。Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill. Her story is a remark

44、able example of how hard work and devotion can lead to sporting excellence. A former track and field athlete from the UK, she won an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012. As if that were not enough, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving bi

45、rth to her first child. In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed. 另一位值得稱贊的運動員是杰西卡-思尼斯-希爾。她的故事很好地例證了在一項運動中努力和投入可以讓你出類拔萃。她曾是英國的田徑運動員，并于2012年在祖國贏得了一枚奧運會金牌。似乎這還不夠，她僅在生完一個孩子兩年后的2016年，就重返奧運會，并獲得了銀牌。在一次采訪中，她透露始終保持好的表現(xiàn)的秘訣是她從未停止訓練。

46、Subheading 3 _The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World, One Dream”. In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time, China also ranked first in the medal table. This success is truly rem

47、arkable if you consider that just 24 years before, at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, Xu Haifeng won our countrys first-ever gold medal. Since then the upward trend for Chinese sport has been unstoppable. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the

48、mens 110-metre hurdles, while at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, the Chinese womens volleyball team won a hard-fought victory in the final. The year 2022 will be another historic moment for China, as Beijing won the election to host the Winter Olympics. 2008年北京運會的官方口號是“同一個世界，同一個夢想”，號召全世界一起弘揚奧林匹克精神，為人類建設

49、更美好的未來。這是中國首次舉辦奧運會，也是首次登頂獎牌榜。想想24年前的1984年洛杉磯奧運會，許海峰為中國贏得了第一枚金牌，那么這種成功就顯得非同尋常了。從那以后，中國體育的上升趨勢就一直勢不可擋。在2004年雅典奧運會上，劉翔成為第一個獲得男子110米跨欄的亞洲人，而在2016年里約熱內(nèi)盧運會上，中國女子球隊在決賽中贏得了一場艱苦的勝利。北京當選2022年冬季奧運會主辦城市，于是2022年對中國來說將是另一個歷史性的時刻。The Olympic Games bring joy and excitement to people across the world. As Coubertin b

50、elieved, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.”奧林匹克運動會給全世界人民帶來歡樂和興奮。正如顧拜旦所說:“有了奧林匹克運動會，每一代人都在慶祝它的到來，慶祝它給生活帶來的喜悅，慶祝它對未來的信念，慶祝它的雄心壯志和它向上的意志。”Extended reading (P25-26)Sports idioms 體育習語Every langu

51、age has its idioms, which are groups of words with meanings different from the meanings of the individual words. Idioms make language more colourful and expressive. Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life, there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language

52、. Lets take a look at some of them!每一種語言都有習語，習語由詞組構(gòu)成，其蘊含的意義往往不能從詞組中單個詞的意思推測而得。習語使語言更加豐富多彩，富有表現(xiàn)力。由于體育是全球文化的重要組成部分，日常用語中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了許多體育習語。讓我們來看看其中的一些體育習語吧!FootballFootball (or soccer, as it is called in the USA) is one of the most popular sports in the world and many countries have their own football league

53、s. The English language is full of idioms which are thought to have come from football. 足球足球( football，美國稱為soccer)是世界上最受歡迎的運動之一，許多國家都有自己的足球聯(lián)賽。英語中有很多習語都被認為是源于足球。As you know, in a football match, players try to kick or head the ball into the opposing teams goal, which is the net between two big goalpo

54、sts fixed to the ground. Can you imagine that every time you have a chance to score, the goalposts are moved? That would be not only difficult, but also upsetting. If someone “moves the goalposts” in everyday life, it means they unfairly change the rules or requirements for something. An insurance s

55、alesman who is about to reach his annual sales target, only for the company to make the target higher, could rightly complain about the company moving the goalposts. 你可能知道，在足球比賽中，球員試圖將球踢進頂進對方的球門，球門是固定在地上的兩個大門柱之間的。你能想象，每當你有機會進球時，球門柱就被移動嗎?這不僅很難做到，而且也是令人不快的。如果有人在日常生活中“移動門柱”，這意味著他們不公平地改變了某個過程的規(guī)則或要求。一位保險

56、推銷員即將達到他的年度銷售目標，但公司卻把目標定得更高，那他就可以理由充分地抱怨公司是在“移動球門柱”。Thankfully, goalposts do not really movebut when a player scores an own goal, he or she might wish they did. “Scoring an own goal” in football means accidentally kicking or heading the ball into ones own net, and it is one of the worst things that

57、can happen to a football player. If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests, they are said to have scored an own goal. You might see this expression in the newspapers when the local council makes a decision which backfires terribly!謝天謝地，球門柱并不會真正移動。但當一名球員把球踢進自家的球門時

58、，他/她可能會希望球門會移動就好了。在足球運動中，“Scoring an own goal(進烏龍球)”的意思是不小心把球踢進了自己方的球門，對足球運動員來說，這是最糟糕的事情之一。如果有人犯了一個嚴重的錯誤，無意中損害了自己的利益，就被說成是“進烏龍球”。如果地方議會做出了一個完全適得其反的決定時，你可能會在報紙上看到這種說法!BaseballBaseball is an old and popular sport that has given the English language many different idioms. You might have heard expressio

59、ns like “in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate”. The venue where a baseball game is played is called a ballpark. So, even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the game, we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark. For this reason, people use the expression “in the ballpark” o

60、r “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough estimates. 棒球棒球是一項古老而流行的運動，它給英語帶來了許多不同的習語。你可能聽過“in the ballpark(差不多)”或“a ballpark estimate(大致的估計)”這樣的表達。舉行棒球比賽的場地叫作“ballpark(球場)”。所以，即使我們不知道球在比賽中的確切位置，我們也可以假設它在球場里的某個地方。因此，商業(yè)人士使用短語“in the ballpark”或“a ballpark estimate”來談論粗略的估計。Another common baseball expr