定語從句講解課件

1、 定語從句高考考點例析The best way you can get The Attributive Clause1. 定語從句高考考點例析The 1.Complex sentence 復合句：由連詞連接兩個或多個主謂結構的句子，其中一個主謂結構是句子的主要部分（主句），另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作某個成分（如主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語）。復合句 =主句+定語從句一個主謂結構是句子的主要部分（主句）另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作某個成分（定語）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主

2、句主語從句主語從句謂語結構主句謂語結構2精品文檔Complex sentence 復合句：由連詞連接兩個或在句子中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，并作句子成分。 定語從句還叫做嵌入句，因形容詞定語，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句。Attributive clause:定語從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語從句的引導詞關系代詞關系副詞指人指物who(主語、賓語)，whom(賓語)，that(主語、賓語), whose(定語)that(主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語)whose(定語)where (地點狀語)when (時間狀語)why (原因狀語)3精品

3、文檔在句子中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關系代詞AtAttributive clause:限制性定語從句 restrictive非限制性定語從句non-restrictive是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關系十分密切， 寫時不用逗號分開。和主句關系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句， 寫時往往逗號分開。I was the only person who was invited.in my officeJenny, with whom I played table tennisyest

4、erday, lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterday has come again.That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school. 注意：引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞不可用that，指人時用who(主語),whom(賓語)，指物時須用which.4精品文檔Attributive clause:限制性定語從句 res考點一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞關系代詞：做句子成分關系副詞：不做句子成分五大基本句型：主 謂(Vi)主 謂(Vt)

5、 賓主 謂(Vt) 賓 賓主 謂 (Vt) 賓 賓補主 系 表5精品文檔考點一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞關系代詞：做句子成分考點一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞規(guī)律：缺成分，用關系代詞； 不缺成分，用關系副詞that 人、物 主、賓which 物 主、賓who 人 主whom 人 賓whose 人、物 定語where 地點（具體和抽象）job field situation case等when 時間why 原因6精品文檔考點一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞規(guī)律：缺成分，用關系考點一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞1、找出定語從句中是否主語和賓語都齊全。如齊全用關系副詞。 用什

6、么關系副詞看先行詞。Ill never forget the day I joined the league.on which時間狀語This is the house I lived two years ago.where地點狀語Do you know the reason she was late.for which原因狀語關系副詞在從句中做狀語，此時相當于“介詞+which”。whenin whichwhy7精品文檔考點一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞1、找出定語從句中是2、如定語從句中缺賓語，確定定語從句的謂語動詞是不是及物 動詞，如是，用關系代詞，如不是，用關系副詞?？键c一:如何

7、判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞 Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake. whowhom that /_My father was born in the year _(the Seco

8、nd World War broke out)._in whichwhenThe man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.8精品文檔2、如定語從句中缺賓語，確定定語從句的謂語動詞是不是及物考點3、如定語從句中謂語結構是被動結構，有主語，則用關系副詞。Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _ ( new China

9、 was founded).whenThe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which thatThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.Which that考點一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞9精品文檔3、如定語從句中謂語結構是被動結構，有主語，則用關系副詞。K口訣做主語，指物，用that，which做主語，指人，用that，who做賓語，指物，用that，who，不做賓語，指人，用that，whom，不10精品文檔口訣做主語，指物，用that

10、，which10精品文檔考點二：that和which的選擇 (1) 只用 that，不用which 當先行詞為all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行詞被all, e

11、very, no, some, any, little, much修飾時： Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.11精品文檔考點二：that和which的選擇 (1) 只考點二：that和which的選擇先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.先行詞被the only, the very, the last 修飾時。That white fl

12、ower is the only one (that) I really like.This is the very book (that) I want to find. 當有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時，這個定語從句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引導。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.12精品文檔考點二：that和which的選擇先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最先行詞是疑問詞who, which, what 時，定語從句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引導

13、?？键c二：that和which的選擇Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me? 當關系代詞在從句中作表語時： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 13精品文檔先行詞是疑問

14、詞who, which, what 時，定語從Which可以引導非限定性定語從句，可用于介詞后，其先行詞可是一個詞,也可是整個主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 考點二：that和which的選擇（2）只用whic

15、h的情況 B B 14精品文檔Which可以引導非限定性定語從句，可用于介詞后，其先行詞可考點三：as與which引導的定語從句 1. 位置上的區(qū)別：as 引導的非限制性定語從句的位置比較靈活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，還可插在主句的中間；而which 引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后 As is known to us all , the earth turns around the sun . The earth , as is known to us all , turns around the sun . The earth turns around the sun ,

16、as is known to us all . The earth turns around the sun , which our parents once told us when we were very young . 15精品文檔考點三：as與which引導的定語從句 1. 2.用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.3.as代表前面主句意思時，有“正如”之意，而w

17、hich沒有此意思，從句中的動詞常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。 He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The police were looking for him, as he thought.考點三：as與which引導的定語從句Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.16精品文檔2.用于the sameas,suchas，asa4. as在從句中作主語時，后面常

18、接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.5.如果從句的內容對主句內容起著消極作用，或者說導致的結果，則用which.a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.b. He came back late, which ma

19、de his mother worried.考點三：as與which引導的定語從句17精品文檔4. as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如b考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定如何選定介詞:1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系，請體會：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣，請體會：e.g

20、. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.18精品文檔考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定如何選定介詞:1.根據(jù)從句中動詞4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞 + of + 關系代詞”的結構，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose從句可轉換為“ of +關系代詞”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the

21、 south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定19精品文檔4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用“數(shù)詞/關系副詞when, where, why可以用適當?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關系代詞之前，有時放在

22、動詞之后。eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定20精品文

23、檔考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定20精品文檔思考？是否所有的介詞+關系代詞都能用關系副詞代替?The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).wh

24、ere/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.結論：只有當介詞+關系代詞充當?shù)攸c狀語、時間狀語或原因狀語時，才能用關系副詞代替。21精品文檔思考？是否所有的介詞+關系代詞都能用關系副詞代替?The p五. 注意定語從句的主謂一致性關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語必須與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。例如： Tom is one of the boys who are

25、from the USA. Tom is the only one of the the boys who is from the USA. 22精品文檔五. 注意定語從句的主謂一致性關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時六. 保持主句的完整性并避免從句成分的重疊1. 在定語從句中，不管出現(xiàn)任何情況，主句的結構必須完整，即主句必須有主語和謂語，缺一不可，否則，整個主從復合句就無法成立。試比較：23精品文檔六. 保持主句的完整性并避免從句成分的重疊1. 在定語從句中（1）Is this factory _ we visited last week ? （2）Is this the factory _ we

26、 visited last week ? A. which B. where C. what D. the one 分析：第一題缺少表語，只有填D項才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的選項均為干擾項。第二題主句本身完整，應填的關系代詞在從句中作visited 的賓語，故應選A項。24精品文檔（1）Is this factory _Correct the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man who

27、m I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.(去掉)the one_to_which5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._that25精品文檔Correct the sentences:1. Im u5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6. The student whos book I had borrowed did

28、nt come to school today.7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.8. It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently.9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky._as_Whosethat_that_that_A

29、s26精品文檔5.Einstein is such a great sci練習題1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC27精品文檔練習題1、All_ is useful to us2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD28精品文檔2、Is this factory _ we visi3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、wha

30、tC、whichD、whyC29精品文檔3、She will never forget the da4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD30精品文檔4、This is the school _ m5、This is the very factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA31精品文檔5、This is the very factory_6、The text is one of the most

31、interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB32精品文檔6、The text is one of the most 7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB33精品文檔7、The college wont take anyon8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this s

32、entence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA34精品文檔8、Let me think of a proper sit9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB35精品文檔9、The man _ you are talk10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that; itB、which; whomC、that; whichD、which; thatC36精品文檔10、This is the last factory _11、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB37精品文檔11、Those _ to take