VIP被動語態(tài)課件講解

1、被動語態(tài)The Passive Voice被動語態(tài)The Passive Voice(一)被動語態(tài)基本用法:當句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。(一)被動語態(tài)基本用法:時態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredone一般過去時was/weredone現(xiàn)在進行時Am/is/are+being+done一般將來時will/shall/be going tobedone現(xiàn)在完成時has/havebeendone含情態(tài)動詞can/must/should/may.bedone 1.被動語

2、態(tài)的構(gòu)成時態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredone一般過去時wabe + done(二)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):有各種時態(tài)的變化be + done(二)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):有各種時態(tài)的變化 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動語態(tài) (the Passive Voice)A. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。B. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us. 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：A. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)We speak English.主語謂語賓語English is s

3、poken by us.主語謂語賓語主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他們打掃了。We speak Engl1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)： is/are+過去分詞Cars are made in China .The desk is made of wood.English is taught in our school.如何由主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)呢 ？ 1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)： is/are+過去分詞by man

4、y students.1.Many students study English.Englishis studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoesare madeby themin that factory.1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)： is/are+過去分詞by many students.1.Many studen1.將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2. 將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞由主動變?yōu)楸粍?. 將主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中介詞by 的賓語放在謂動詞之后運用一下吧1.將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2. 將主動語They play

5、football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.They play footbal

6、l on Sunday.1. They bought a computer last term by them last term.2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were +過去分詞last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many treeswere plantedA computerwas bought1. They bought a computer lastThey built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.

7、We cleaned our classroom just now.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.They built the tall building lThey used the rooms for resting.The rooms were used for resting by them.They used the room

8、s for restin3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)： be going to be/will be+過去分詞1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The workwill be finished2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.The room is going to be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)： be going to beWe will held a sports meeting next week.Ch

9、ildren will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster is going to give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be held by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk is going to be given by the headmaster this afternoon.We will held a sports

10、meeting 4.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.4.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：can/may/must/s1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the l

11、ights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.1.He can take care of the ba5.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)is / am / are + being 過去分詞1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby s

12、ome workers now.The roomsare being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.5.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)is / am / are +6.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)have / has been 過去分詞1.We have made a keyby us.A keyhas been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositionshave been finishedby us.6.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)have / has b

13、ee1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am / is / are + done1. Now English _ by more 2. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was / were + done2. The lost boy _ at the

14、3. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：will + be + donebe going to + be + done3. More man-made satellites 4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：have/ has+ been + done4. Three brid

15、ges _ since 5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞 + be + done5. Flowers _ every day. (一)被動語態(tài)基本用法:當句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。(一)被動語態(tài)基本用法:時態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredone一般過去時was/weredone現(xiàn)在進行時Am/is/are

16、+being+done一般將來時will/shall/be going tobedone現(xiàn)在完成時has/havebeendone含情態(tài)動詞can/must/should/may.bedone 1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成時態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredone一般過去時wabe + done(二)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):有各種時態(tài)的變化be + done(二)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):有各種時態(tài)的變化1.規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：1)一般情況在動詞原形后加-edwatch-watched2)以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的加-dpractice-practiced3)以輔音加y結(jié)尾的，去y變i加-edstudy-studied4

17、)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstop-stopped2.不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone動詞過去分詞的變化:1.規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：1)一般情況在動詞原形后加-edwa (三)何時使用被動語態(tài)？ 1、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如： Football is played all over the world 2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如： My bike was stolen 我的自行車被盜了。 (三)何時使用被

18、動語態(tài)？ 3、某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，19894、漢語中含有“被”、“由”等詞時。例如： Tina是被Paul叫來的。 Tina is asked to come by Paul3、某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如： 5、漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“據(jù)報道”等時。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推

19、測說 It is supposed that 5、漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“據(jù)報道”等時。例如： (四)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài): (1)把原來的賓語提到前面作被動語態(tài)的主語;(2)把謂語動詞變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式)。 (3)把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。如： They make the bikes in the factory. The bikesin the factory.are madethemby(四)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài): in the factory.a主變被步

20、驟:1.找賓語: 即動作的承受者(改為主語)He washed his car yesterday. His car3. 判斷新主語的單復數(shù):確定be動詞的單復數(shù). be4. 判斷動詞的時態(tài) : 即be動詞的時態(tài).2. 修改謂語的語態(tài):即be+原V.過去分詞 washed5. 修改原句的主語 :即by +主語(變賓格). (by them) yesterday.iswas was主變被步驟:1.找賓語: 即動作的承受者(改為主語)He w1.Tom broke the window.The window 2.She broke the windows.The windows 3.He clea

21、ns the classroom everyday. The classroom was brokenby Tom.were brokenby her.is cleanedby himbe動詞的單復數(shù)變化:everyday.1.Tom broke the window.2.ShHe rides the motorbike to work every day.The motorbikeis riddento work(by him)every day.A computer computer, use, in our classis usedin our classevery day.He rid

22、es the motorbike to workThey bought ten computers last year Ten computerslast year.were bought(by them)They bought ten computers la1.They will finish the work in ten days.The workin ten days.will be finished(by them)2.They are going to have a show tomorrow.A showis going to be had(by them)tomorrow.1

23、.They will finish the work in1. Amy can take good care of the catThe catcan be taken good care ofby Amy.2. They should sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songsby them.should be sung 1. Amy can take good care of tHe can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him.在通常情況下，修飾被動

24、語態(tài)的副詞一定要放在助動詞be與過去分詞之間。如： She was badly paid. 她掙的錢很少。 The trip was well organized. 旅行組織得很好。 將副詞放在過去分詞之后也是可以的。He can carry the basket easily2.含有雙賓語的動詞在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，有以下三種情形： (1)有些雙賓動詞(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，既可把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,而把直接賓語(指事物)保留下來(稱為保留賓語),也可把直接賓

25、語(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,而把間接賓語改為介詞to 或for引起的狀語(到底用to還是for,與所搭配的動詞有關(guān))。比較： He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。 She was given Some money was given to her. some money.2.含有雙賓語的動詞在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，有以下三種情形： so2. He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits (by him) yesterday.Some fruits were bou

26、ght for his friend (by him) yesterday.1. He bought her a watch. A watch was bought for her (by him). She was bought a watch (by him).2. He bought his friend some (2)有些雙賓動詞(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接賓語(指事物)作被動語態(tài)的主語，而將間接賓語用作保留賓語(其前根據(jù)情況用介詞to或for)： Father made me a doll. A do

27、ll was made for me. He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her. (3)有些雙賓動詞(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用間接賓語(指人)作被動語態(tài)的主語，而將直接賓語用作保留賓語： He answered me that question. I was answered that question by him. (2)有些雙賓動詞(如bring, do, make, pa3,主動語態(tài)的句子里一感（feel），二聽（listen to、hear），三讓（let、

28、make、have)五看（look、see、watch、notice、observe），半幫助（help）在主動語態(tài)里常省去to , 但變成被動語態(tài)時，必須要補回to。例:主動：I make her do the dishes. 被動：She is made to do the dishes by me 3,主動語態(tài)的句子里一感（feel），二聽（listen t表示主語的屬性特征的動詞+副詞well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主動式表被動義4.作“需要”講的need/want/require的被動形式： 物+ need/want/require doing = need

29、/want/require to be done 人+ need/want/require to do Your jacket needs washing.= Your jacket needs to be washed. 表示主語的屬性特征的動詞+副詞well/ badly/eas5.表示“開始、結(jié)束、運動”的動詞用主動式表被動義。 begin, open, start, stop, end, finish, shut, run,.)The shop opens at 6 am. every day 5.表示“開始、結(jié)束、運動”的動詞用主動式表被動義。 A traffic accident

30、_(happen) just now.happened2. 連系動詞（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 當此動詞表示事物的自然屬性(或當它們和badly, well,easily等連用時，表示主語的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能且為不及物動詞)的時候:The pen _ (write) very fast.WritesThis kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物動詞（vi

31、.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 不用被動語態(tài)的動詞：A traffic accident _(h (表示主語的自然屬性特征) + 副詞 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常見動詞：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ e

32、asily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed (表示主語的自然屬性特征) + 副詞 (well/ badPractice:2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They are stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.willbebuiltisbeingstoppedPractice:willbebuiltisbeingsto5. If your homework _(do) well, you may go to play

33、.8. The ship model _ be _ (make) in two days.is donewillmade5. If your homework _(do)9. Im sorry,sirYour recorder錄音機isnt ready yetIt _ in the factory is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasnt been repaired9. Im sorry,sirYour recorder10In warm weather, fruit and meat _ long cannot be kept

34、 dont keep mustnt keep is not kept10In warm weather, fruit and 11. -Did you hand him the letter yesterday? -No, I _ to him A. brought it B. took it C. had it sent D. carried it 12Alice had a dress _ last week Amade B. make C. to be made D. to make11. -Did you hand him the letOral practice-主動句改被動句 A

35、car knocked him down yesterday. They are cutting up a fallen tree He was knocked down by a car yesterday A fallen tree was being cut up by themOral practice-主動句改被動句 A car kn4). We will put on the play next Sunday5). Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6). They has completed the railway The