考研英語(yǔ)閱讀七大“干擾項(xiàng)”特點(diǎn)

1、文檔編碼 : CC4K7J8R6C4 HA4N8X7L3X4 ZC4D5D6C6A2考 研 英 語(yǔ) ： 閱 讀 七 大 “ 干 擾 項(xiàng) ” 特 點(diǎn) 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),也叫干擾項(xiàng), 也戲稱陷阱,是出題者 中國(guó)出題專家 的拿手好戲； 對(duì)錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)的分析從某種角度來(lái)說(shuō)比正確選項(xiàng)更有意義； 由于在實(shí)際做題時(shí), 我們 做的 大部分工作是排除三個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)；有時(shí)問(wèn)題集中在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)上,我們明明 知道答案就在這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,可是很難判定到底哪個(gè)是錯(cuò)的； 干擾項(xiàng)的形式與計(jì)策 總的來(lái)說(shuō), 干擾項(xiàng)從語(yǔ)言和內(nèi)容兩方面欺詐大家； 雖然花樣許多, 但總是有 些規(guī)律可循的； 出題者在編錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)時(shí), 就像一個(gè)大騙子, 試想騙子的伎倆有哪 些

2、呢？第一是把假的說(shuō)成真的,所謂以假亂真,其次是真真假假,虛虛實(shí)實(shí),所 謂掉包,再次是夸大其詞,或以偏概全,一會(huì)兒把蘋果說(shuō)成靈丹妙藥,一會(huì)兒又 說(shuō)靈丹妙藥根本不存在； 對(duì)干擾項(xiàng)的計(jì)策有以下 7 種： 1,合理項(xiàng)：文章中沒(méi)提到,利用生活常識(shí)編造出來(lái)的選項(xiàng)同； 對(duì) 策：做題不行憑空想象,一切都要從文中找依據(jù)；在相當(dāng)多的情形下“項(xiàng)不是 解”； 2,斷章取義：使用文章中顯現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)或類似的結(jié)構(gòu)仿造； 計(jì)策： 原詞越多,對(duì)的可能性越??； 3,小動(dòng)作：錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)和原文句子幾乎一樣,但在微小之處做了手腳, 改動(dòng)了幾個(gè)小詞,使中意思和原文不相符； 僅要看大意,更要看細(xì)節(jié)； 計(jì)策：認(rèn)真,認(rèn)真,再認(rèn)真！不 4,以偏概全

3、：就是用文章中的細(xì)節(jié)片面的, 次要的觀點(diǎn)回答疑題； 對(duì) 策：時(shí)刻要有一種博大的胸襟； 5,張冠李戴 把一個(gè)事物的特點(diǎn)說(shuō)成是另一個(gè)事物的特點(diǎn), 把他人的觀 點(diǎn)說(shuō)成是作者的觀點(diǎn) ,正反倒置 把作者觀點(diǎn)的反面說(shuō)成是作者的觀點(diǎn) ,因果 倒置 把因說(shuō)成果,把果說(shuō)成因 ； 計(jì)策：頭腦清晰； 6,過(guò)度引申：考研測(cè)試推理才能是很正常的,但有相當(dāng)多的選項(xiàng),過(guò) 度推理,超出文章的范疇； 計(jì)策：把握好分寸； 第 1 頁(yè),共 5 頁(yè)7,字面意思：被測(cè)試的單詞或短語(yǔ),實(shí)際 深層 含義和表面上個(gè)別詞 匯的意思不同；出題者常常用表面意思作為干擾項(xiàng)； 計(jì)策：字面意思不是解； 例如 Aimlessness has hardly

4、 been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for b

5、eing,but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don t know where they should go next. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are alreadyquestioning the heavy pe

6、rsonal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only students were fully satisfied with percent of Japanese school life, comparedwith their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. While oft

7、en praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. “Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored, ” says Toshiki K

8、aif u, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party s education committee. “Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild. ” Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders

9、are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyams, who was then education minister, 第 2 頁(yè),共 5 頁(yè)raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation a uthorities after World War had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect

10、 for parents. ” But that may have more to do with Japanese life- styles. “In Japan, ”says educator Yoko Muro, “it s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure. ” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million c

11、itizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes travels to and from work and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort

12、is beginning to tell. In the past divorce rate, while still well below that of the decade, the Japanese United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter. 可讀性： 34.9 難度： 12 級(jí) 1,In the Westerner s eyes, the postwar Japan was A under aimless develop

13、ment. a positive example. D on the decline. C a rival to the West. 2, According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society. A Womens participation in social activities is limited. More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs. C Excessive emphasis has be

14、en placed on the basics. D The life-style has been influenced by Western values. 3, Which of the following is true according to the author. A Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder. Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.

15、 C Morestress should be placed on the cultivation 第 3 頁(yè),共 5 頁(yè)of creativity. D Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking. 解析： 1, “缺乏目標(biāo)從來(lái)就不是戰(zhàn)后日本的典型特點(diǎn),日本國(guó)的生產(chǎn) 率和社會(huì)的和諧令歐美人仰慕”,可見(jiàn)戰(zhàn)后日本是一個(gè)正面榜樣,故正確； A 小動(dòng)作： 把 關(guān)鍵詞保留下來(lái), 但 hardly 去掉了, 結(jié)果意思大 相徑庭,原文的否定變成了確定； C 字面意思： envy 仰慕,嫉妒 的字面 意思； D 斷章取義：使用中“ declin

16、e ”編造； ； 末句：日 2,題干關(guān)鍵詞為 chiefly 和 be responsible for 本訓(xùn)練大臣說(shuō)過(guò), 二戰(zhàn)后占據(jù)日本的美國(guó)當(dāng)局進(jìn)行自由化改革減弱了日本人敬重 父母的道德觀； ：但是, 這 道德 也計(jì)與日本人的生活方式關(guān)系更大； 將兩句聯(lián)在一起看,作者認(rèn)為日本社會(huì)道德下降的主要緣由是： D “生活方式受了西方價(jià)值觀的影響”,故 D 正確； A 正反倒置； 提到女性進(jìn)入男性占主導(dǎo)位置的人才市場(chǎng), 和 A 正好相反, 而且A 也是符合生活常識(shí)的合理項(xiàng)； 以偏概全； 借用了 末句的完整意思,但是該句不是觀點(diǎn),而是一次調(diào)查結(jié)果,是詳細(xì)的事實(shí),并非 全部； C 以偏概全； ：由于重視基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問(wèn),所以忽視了其他方面 的訓(xùn)練； ：但是,這 道德下降 或許與日本人的生活方式關(guān)系更大； 所以 C 是次要緣由； 3, ：“盡管由于強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練而受到外國(guó)人的頌揚(yáng),但是日本 訓(xùn)練往往強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)試和機(jī)械性學(xué)習(xí)而忽視制造性及自我表現(xiàn)”, 作者示意日本訓(xùn)練 更應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)制造才能的培育,所以 C 正確； A 斷章取義； 將 中“ climbing social ladder ”和 中“ often praised by foreigners for ”拼在一起唬人； 小動(dòng)作；將 中 over 改成 as well