高中英語語法《主謂一致》專題教案

1、- - -高中英語語法主謂一致專題教案主謂一致的基本原則主謂一致有以下三條原則:1 語法一致原則,即在語法形式上取得一致。例如,主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞也采取單數(shù)形式;主語是復數(shù)形式,謂語動詞也采取復數(shù)形式。 例如 :The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.2 意義一致原則,即從意義著眼處理一致關系。例如 ,主語形式雖是單數(shù)但意義是復數(shù),謂語動詞也采取復數(shù)形式;而有些主語形式雖是復數(shù)但意義上看作單數(shù),謂語動詞也采取單數(shù)形式。.The people in that country are fighting for inde

2、pendence.The crowd deeply respect their leader.Three years in a strange land seems a long time.3 就近原則,即謂語動詞的單數(shù)或復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。例如:Neither he nor I am going to see thefilm tonight because we are busy.“主語+介詞短語”作主語時的主謂一致按英語習慣,介詞短語通常不用作主語,所以當主語后跟有一個介詞短語時,其后謂語動詞的數(shù)只與介詞短語前面的主語保持一致,而與介詞短語無關。如:A woman with tw

3、o children has come.一位婦女帶著兩個孩子已經(jīng)來了。Everybody but you knows what was happening.除了你以外,人人都知道出了什么事。The teacher,together with some of his pupils,was cleaning the room.教師和他的一些學生一起在打掃教室。以下兩例中的as well as也可視為介詞，其后謂語與as well as前面的主語保持一致：The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.學生和他們的老師出

4、席了會議。I as well as they am ready to help you.不僅他們愿意幫助你,我也愿意幫助你。并列結(jié)構作主語的主謂一致.就近型：由 or,either - or,neither - or,not botily ；ndbut also 等連接的并列成分作主 語時,其謂語通常要與靠近的主語保持一致。如:Neither you nor he is tired.你和他都沒累。Not you but I am to blame.不是你的錯而是我的錯。Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父親就是我兄弟要來。.就遠型：由

5、as well as,as much as,rather than,more than,no less than等連接的并歹U成分作 主語,其謂語通常與前面一個主語保持一致。如:The son,as well as his parents,wants to go there.不但兒子想去那兒,而且他的父母也想去。.復數(shù)型：由and和bothand連接的并列成分作主語，其謂語總是用復數(shù)。如:(Both New York and London have traffic problems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題。注:當由and連接的兩個并列主語受each,every,no的修飾時，其謂語用單數(shù)。另

6、外，當and連 接的兩個的詞語指同一個人或事物時,其謂語也要用單數(shù)。如:Every man and woman wants to join it.每個男女都想加入它。A teacher and poet visited our school the other day.早幾天一位教師詩人參觀了我們學校。時間、距離、金額作主語時的主謂一致表示時間、距離、度量、重量、金額等的復數(shù)名詞作主語 ,被看作整體時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);若強調(diào)個體也可以復數(shù)。如:Twenty years is a long time.二十年是很長時間。Two kilometers is a long way to go on f

7、oot. 步行兩千米是一段很長的路程。Six months have passed,andwe still have no news of them.六個月過去了，我們依然沒有 他們的消息。Ten dollars is too much for this old coin.這個古幣沒有10塊錢這么高的價格。Three dollars were paid for the old coin.那個古錢花了 3 塊錢。Twenty years is a long time.20 年是一段很長的時間。Twenty years have passed since they got married.他們結(jié)女

8、昏已有 20 年了。意義一致的三個典型用法1.形式上雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)名詞，如the police,people,cattle等作主語時，謂語動詞用復 數(shù)。如 :Cattle eat grass 牛吃草。The police were called in. 警察被召來了。注:people作民族”解時，其單數(shù)形式為people復數(shù)形式為peoples作主語時，應用語法一致 原則。如:The Chinese people is a great people.中華民族是一個偉大的民族。56 peoples make up the big family of China.56 個民族構成中國這個大

9、家庭。.主語是指一類人的“the 形容詞（或過去分詞”時,謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)，這類詞有:the brave, the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the de af and dumb,the oppress ed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等。另外,像the C hinese,the British,the Irish 等表示一個國家或民族的人的總稱,作主語時,謂語動詞也用復數(shù)。如:The injured were taken to hospital.

10、受傷的人都送進了醫(yī)院。The English do not drink much wine.英國人不喝很多酒。.形式上為復數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù)的名詞,如news,mathematics,physics,politics,economics及以 s 結(jié)尾的書名、國名等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:Mathematics is the language of science數(shù)學是科學語言。His “ SelectePdoems” wasfirst published in 1965.他的詩歌選集最早是1965 年出版的。主謂一致高考真題he factory used 65 percent of t

11、he raw materials,the rest of whichsaved for otherpurposes.A.isB.areC.wasD.werene third of the countrycovered with trees and the majority of the citizensblack people.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;isarbara is easy to recognize as she tshe only one o f the women whoevening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has worn

12、D.have worn.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have.Such poets as Shakespearewidely read,of whose works,however,some difficult to understand.A.are;areB.is;isC.are;isD.is:are.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universitiesrisin

13、g steadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been.The teacher together with the studentsdiscussingReading Skills thatnewlypublished in America.A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was.Either you or one of your studentsto attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.be.Dr.Smith,together with

14、 his wife and daughters,visit Beijing this summer.A.is going toare going toC.was going toD.were going to10. Did you go to the show last night? Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area invited.A.wereB.have beenC.has beenD.was.A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week

15、goo dfor one shealth.A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area.A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where_ _yet.A.hasn btee

16、n decidedB.haven dtecidedC.isn bteing decidedD.aren dtecided.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third usedregularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.isB.areC.wasD.were.Most of what has been said about the Smiths also true of the Johnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.to be.A poet and

17、artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were.The father as well as his three childrenskating on the frozen river every Sundayafternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going.As you can see,the number of cars on roadsrising these days.A

18、.was keepingB.keepC.keepsD.were keeping.Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside,in theclothing industry.A.is workingB.worksC.workD.worked.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A.workB.workingC.is workingD.are working.With more forests being