英語(yǔ)必修12講義和習(xí)題1unit2english around the world語(yǔ)法

1、 PAGE 第 7 - 頁(yè) 簡(jiǎn)單學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)課程講義學(xué)科：英語(yǔ)專題：必修1：Unit2 English around the world 語(yǔ)法主講教師：林斌 北京八十中學(xué)英語(yǔ)高級(jí)教師 HYPERLINK / 北京市海淀區(qū)上地東路1號(hào)盈創(chuàng)動(dòng)力大廈E座702B免費(fèi)咨詢電話 4008-110-818總機(jī)使句祈使句結(jié)構(gòu) 祈使句主要用來(lái)表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、叮囑或祝愿等。祈使句通常省略主語(yǔ)（you），但為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)可以加上主語(yǔ)you或增加稱呼。You be quick！你快點(diǎn)吧！Be quiet, girls！姑娘們，安靜點(diǎn)兒！Have a good trip！（祝你）旅行愉快

2、！題一：Mary, _ here-everybody else, stay where you are.A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming行為動(dòng)詞開頭的祈使句。一、動(dòng)詞原形開頭。Sit down. 坐下吧！Come in. 進(jìn)來(lái)！Take this seat. 坐這兒。二、在動(dòng)詞原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人稱主語(yǔ)的句子）。 Do be careful. 務(wù)必小心。否定結(jié)構(gòu)：Dont move. 不準(zhǔn)動(dòng)。Dont be late. 不要遲到。題二：Please do me a favor_ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth

3、Theater at 7：30 tonight. A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invitedBe開頭的祈使句，后常加形容詞（系動(dòng)詞開頭）。Be careful！ 當(dāng)心！Be quick！ 快點(diǎn)！Be quiet！ 安靜點(diǎn)！Let開頭的祈使句Let me carry the box for you.讓我替你拿這只箱子吧！Let the boy go home.讓這個(gè)男孩回家。Let the teacher in first.讓老師先進(jìn)去。Lets動(dòng)詞原形表建議，讓我們Lets go fishing this Sunday.讓我們這個(gè)禮拜日去釣魚。L

4、ets have a rest.讓我們休息一會(huì)。Lets stay here.讓我們留下來(lái)吧！Lets = Let us. Let us 不同語(yǔ)境有不同的含義。Lets “請(qǐng)讓我們（咱們），包括談話的對(duì)方?！盠ets go out and play football.咱們出去踢足球吧！Lets have a rest！咱們休息一會(huì)吧！Let us 意為“請(qǐng)讓我們”表示希望得到對(duì)方允許，不包括對(duì)方。Let us buy you a drink.給你買杯飲料吧！Let us go. （Dont stop us going.）請(qǐng)讓我們走吧！ 祈使句+and/or+陳述句(and表示順承關(guān)系，or表示

5、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)。1. Use your head，and youll find a good way(=If you use your head，youll find a good way)動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋，你會(huì)找到一種好辦法的。2. Hurry up, or well be late(=If we dont hurry up, well be late快點(diǎn)，不然我們就遲到了。題三：_the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.A. Having searched

6、B. To searchC. Searching D. Search題四：Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train.A. and B. but C. or D. whileBe so kind/good as+不定式(此句型用來(lái)表達(dá)客氣的請(qǐng)求，so kind/good as相當(dāng)于kind/good enough)。Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary請(qǐng)把你的字典借給我吧。祈使句中常加上please，表示禮貌，更客氣。please可以放句首，也可以放句尾。放句末時(shí)要用逗號(hào)分開。Please

7、open the door. Open the door, please.請(qǐng)打開門。Please dont forget the meeting. （Dont forget the meeting, please.）請(qǐng)別忘記開會(huì)。祈使句的否定式。在句首加dont，常用縮略式。Dont be late for school.上學(xué)別遲到。Dont be in such a hurry.別那么忙。Dont run so fast.別跑那么快。Lets 的否定式可以有兩種：Lets not 動(dòng)詞原形或Dont lets 動(dòng)詞原形。例：Lets not think about it. Dont lets

8、 think about it. 我們別想這事了。 Lets not have a rest.Dont lets have a rest.祈使句的反意問(wèn)句形式以行為動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be或keep開頭的祈使句，如果是肯定形式，后加will you 或wont you 構(gòu)成。Listen to me carefully, will you （wont you）？Pass me the book, will you （wont you）？如果祈使句是否定形式，常用will you. Dont speak so fast, will you？別說(shuō)那么快，好嗎？Dont lie on the grass,

9、will you？別躺在草地上，好嗎？Lets構(gòu)成的祈使句，包括談話雙方，用shall we 構(gòu)成。Lets go for a walk, shall we？讓我們出去散步，好嗎？Lets walk there, shall we？讓我們走著去那，好嗎？Let us 構(gòu)成的祈使句，不包括對(duì)方，請(qǐng)求對(duì)方允許，用will you 構(gòu)成。Let us go there now, will you？讓我們?nèi)ツ莾喊?，好嗎？Let us copy the text, will you？讓我們抄課文吧，好嗎？ 題五：If you want helpmoney or anything, let me know

10、, _you ? A. dont B. will C. shall D. do直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為tell(ask , beg, order, warn, advise等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a c

11、up of tea.題一：She told me _ a noise in the hall. A. dont make B. not to make C. make not to D. to make not 題二：Martin _ his dog to lie down under the big tree. A. made B. had C. promised D. ordered 題三：The mother said, “Be friendly to others, son.”The mother _ friendly to others.A. asked her son be B.

12、ordered her son to be C. told her son be D. told her son to be題四：I said to my daughter, “Dont make any mistakes in it .”I _ my daughter _ any mistakes in it.A. askeddont make B. ordereddidnt make C. toldnot to make D. toldto not make題五：The teacher said to the boys , “Pay attention to this.”The teach

13、er _ the boys _ attention to _.A. askedpaythis B. orderedto paythis C. toldpaythat D. toldto paythat直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest +動(dòng)名詞（或從句）。”如：He said, Lets go to the cinema. He suggested going to the cinema.或He suggested that they should go to the cinema.題六：I said to him, “Lets start at

14、once.”I suggested that we_at once.A. were starting B. were started C. starting D. start題七：I said to her, “Lets go shopping.”I suggested_.A. going shopping B. to go shoppingC. go shopping D. that go shopping有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist, advise等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。He said, Lets go to the theatre.He sugge

15、sted (our) going to the theatre.或He suggested that we (should) go to the theatre.Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked .He advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked.He suggested listening to the music.直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)正誤辨析“Speak English more often in and out of

16、class.” Our English teacher said to us.Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class. Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. Our English teacher suggested that we（should）speak English more often in and out of class. 直接引語(yǔ)

17、和間接引語(yǔ)正誤辨析“Speak English more often in and out of class.” Our English teacher said to us.Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class. （誤）Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. （正）Our English teacher suggested that we（sh

18、ould）speak English more often in and out of class. （正）簡(jiǎn)析：直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣需要使用ask，tell，order等動(dòng)詞，其句型是：ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作賓補(bǔ)，只能接-ing形式或從句（從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）作賓語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)正誤辨析“Dont play football on the street，little boys” the policeman said.The police

19、man told the little boys did not play football on the street. The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)正誤辨析“Dont play football on the street，little boys” the policeman said.The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. （誤）The policeman

20、 told the little boys not to play football on the street. （正）簡(jiǎn)析：如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句的否定式，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將其改為不定式的否定形式作賓補(bǔ)，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加do not，does not，did not等。直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)正誤辨析“You clean the classroom after class today, Tom.” said the monitor.The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that da

21、y.The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)正誤辨析“You clean the classroom after class today, Tom.” said the monitor.The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day.（誤）The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. （正）簡(jiǎn)析：一般而言，祈使句

22、是以動(dòng)詞原形開頭的，但是如果說(shuō)話人有意強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，也可以在句首加上主語(yǔ)。我們?cè)趯⑵渥優(yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)不能將帶有主語(yǔ)的祈使句與陳述句混淆起來(lái)。直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)正誤辨析“Its a fine day. Lets go to the country for a picnic.” Peter said to me.Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic. Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)正誤辨析“Its a fine day. Lets