加工中心刀柄結(jié)構(gòu)說明匯總

1、加工中心刀柄結(jié)構(gòu)說明匯總第一頁，共27頁。Two Face Contact & HSK holders/兩面接觸HSK刀柄Centrifugal force from fast spindle speeds can cause the tool holder to retract when the spindle and holder touch only along the taper. Two-face contact at the spindle interface can solve this problem. HSK is a widely used tool holder desi

2、gn that features two-face contact 對于僅僅是錐度連接的刀夾系統(tǒng)來說，當(dāng)主軸在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的情況下，因為主軸本身錐孔的膨脹，而主軸和刀柄的連接又僅僅是通過錐度面連接，此時刀柄受到拉力的影響會有一個回縮。兩面接觸的連接方式有助于解決該問題。HSK即是被廣泛使用的一種兩面接觸的刀夾系統(tǒng)。第二頁，共27頁。Two Face Contact Holders/兩面接觸刀柄Common tool holders leave a gap between the flange and spindle nose. Some tool holder systems close this

3、 gap to achieve two-face contact with a conventional taperTwo such systems are shown. Both designs combine special tool holders with a special or modified spindle interface. Both designs leave intact the freedom to use regular tool holders when two-face contact isnt neededThe design at upper right m

4、ates tool holders that have extra material on the flange with a spindle interface that has extra material at the spindle noseThe design at lower right uses a tool holder with a spring-like taper that stays in contact even if the spindle interface opens up. Shims attached to the spindle nose close th

5、e gap to the flange 普通的刀柄連接在主軸法蘭面留有一個間隙。有一些的刀柄采取封閉這段間隙的方法來達到兩面接觸的目的；該種設(shè)計如圖所示。這兩種連接都需要有特殊的主軸端面設(shè)計，在需不需要兩面接觸會有一定的選擇自由；如右上圖所示。在刀柄與主軸緊密配合時會因為變形在主軸法蘭連接面之間產(chǎn)生材料的擠壓；如右下圖所示。使用帶彈性錐面接觸的刀柄。其中的墊片可以封閉主軸法蘭的間隙。第三頁，共27頁。Concentricity & Balance/同心度和動平衡Concentricity (Runout) determines that the cutting edges take nearl

6、y the same bite all the way around the tool.Balance determines that weight is evenly distributed, so centrifugal force does not create enough vibration to impair the process.Both are important for HSM同心度可以決定刀具在旋轉(zhuǎn)一周的情況下各切刃部分的切削量是否均勻；動平衡取決于旋轉(zhuǎn)體上質(zhì)量的分布是否均勻?qū)ΨQ。各個方向離心力均衡，不至于產(chǎn)生震動減弱刀具加工能力；以上兩者對于高速加工都是很重要的因素。第

7、四頁，共27頁。Concentricity/同心度Concentricity measures how closely the tool holder aligns the tool to the centerline of the spindle. A concentric grip helps ensure that all cutting edges see the same depth of cut. 同心度測量如右圖，通過調(diào)整刀夾的中心軸線與主軸的中心軸線重合來調(diào)整痛心度。好的同心度控制可以確保所有切削刃在各個方向上有均勻的加工量第五頁，共27頁。Balance/動平衡Balance

8、 measures the distribution of weight of the tool and tool holder together. A perfectly balanced tool / tool holder combination would not generate any centrifugal force as it spins. But in reality, some part of this combined weight will be unbalanced. The unbalance will produce a vibration at a frequ

9、ency equal to the spindle RPM. If the unbalance amount is small, this vibration will also be small. 動平衡的測量需要將刀具和刀柄整體進行。在主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時好的動平衡刀柄和刀具結(jié)合不會產(chǎn)生任何的離心力。但是實際上完全的動平衡是不存在的。在主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時動不平衡將產(chǎn)生周期性的震動。如果動不平衡量很小，那么這種震動也會很微弱。第六頁，共27頁。Balance & Concentricity/動平衡和同心度Weight does not have to be symmetrical to reduce cent

10、rifugal force, just balanced. An unbalanced weight can be balanced by any counterweight having the same product of mass radius. For example, the weights shown here balance one another. The masses are different, but where they are positioned makes up for this difference. 旋轉(zhuǎn)體上質(zhì)量并不一定要均勻分布才能減小離心力，只要平衡就可

11、以了。一個不平衡的重量可以被任何的方向相反大小相等的平衡力(質(zhì)量 半徑)抵消。比如左圖的一個示例。第七頁，共27頁。It is possible to imagine a tool / tool holder system that is balanced without being concentric. In this drawing, the cutting tool is off center, but the counterweight compensates for the resulting unbalance. This tool and tool holder may not

12、 cut evenly, but together they will spin without vibration from centrifugal force.可以想象同心度不好的刀具刀夾系統(tǒng)也可以有好的動平衡。在圖中，刀具中心偏移，但是圖中的紅色部位可以補償因此帶來的動不平衡量。雖然像這種刀具切削不能進行均勻的切削，但是不會因為動平衡離心力的影響產(chǎn)生震動。Balance & Concentricity/動平衡和同心度第八頁，共27頁。It is also possible for a tool / tool holder system to be concentric but not b

13、alanced. A tool holder with a set screw is an example of this. Even if the tool holder holds the tool perfectly concentric, the weight of the screw itself would not be balanced. This tool holder will cause vibration when spun.同樣對于同心度好的刀具也可能動平衡不好。如圖所示的帶緊固螺釘?shù)牡侗?。雖然它有很好的同心度，但是它在圓周上的質(zhì)量分部不均勻，因此在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時會產(chǎn)生震動

14、。Balance & Concentricity/動平衡和同心度第九頁，共27頁。Holders for Good Concentricity/優(yōu)良同心度Though a high quality Collet Chuck can achieve tight concentricity, there are alternatives to the Collet Chucks that can make this concentricity easier to achieve. 高質(zhì)量的彈簧夾的適用可以獲得好的同心度，但是的刀夾系統(tǒng)也可以獲得同樣的效果，比如燒結(jié)式的刀柄。第十頁，共27頁。Shr

15、ink Fit Holders/熱縮型刀柄1 - The tool holder is heated precisely at the clamping area using state-of-the-art induction technology. The clamping diameter expands.2 - The cold tool shank is inserted into the heated tool holder. 3 - The heat shrink tool holder is cooled. The clamping diameter returns to it

16、s original dimension and clamps the tool shank.4 - Tool changes are carried out in seconds thanks to inductive heating. The heat shrink tool holder and the tool shank form a homogenous unit!1、應(yīng)用感應(yīng)加熱技術(shù)加熱刀柄上刀具裝夾部位，使它的直徑會膨脹；2、再將冷的刀桿放入熱的刀柄；3、冷卻刀柄裝夾部位，使其直徑回復(fù)至初始尺寸并夾緊刀具；4、在取出時，由于刀具和刀柄一起進行感應(yīng)加熱，因此不能使用與刀柄有一 樣

17、的熱膨脹系數(shù)的刀具進行裝夾。第十一頁，共27頁。Principle of shrink fit/熱縮型刀柄裝夾原理 加熱取出 冷卻夾緊 環(huán)境溫度 加熱 裝夾第十二頁，共27頁。Hydraulic Chucks/液壓夾頭A - The clamping screw is screwed in up to the stop using an Allen key. B - The clamping piston presses the hydraulic medium into the C -expansion chamber and causes a rise in pressure D - Th

18、e thin-walled expansion bush is uniformly arched against the tool shank. The tool shank is centered and then clamped powerfully and uniformly across the entire surface during this clamping processE - Special sealing element. Ensures perfect sealing and a high service life. The result: Absolutely pre

19、cise, powerful and centric clamping with excellent run out characteristics and a run-out accuracy of 0.003 mm A- 鎖緊螺釘，使用內(nèi)六角扳手將鎖緊螺釘擰緊；B- 鎖緊活塞，將液壓媒質(zhì)壓入膨脹室；C- 膨脹室，受液體擠壓產(chǎn)生壓力；D- 薄膨脹襯套，在鎖緊過程中使刀具裝夾桿中心定位并均勻包絡(luò)。E- 特殊密封件，確保理想的密封和長的使用壽命；特點：非常高的精度、鎖緊力大、中心固定，具有很好的跳動值 0.003 mm 第十三頁，共27頁。Mechanical Deformation/變形夾持刀

20、柄The tool holder shown here features a bore that is not round, but instead has a three-lobed shape suggesting a triangle. A clamping device mechanically distorts this bore to make it round, allowing the tool to be inserted. The tool holder snaps back to the three-lobed shape when the force is released, clamping the tool without heating or cooling.這里的刀柄內(nèi)徑不是圓形的，而是類似三角形的葉形孔。利用一套機械夾緊變形裝置使其變?yōu)閳A形，適合刀具放入。當(dāng)鎖緊裝置壓力解除后，刀柄變形恢復(fù)，則可鎖緊刀具第十四頁，共27頁。Balanceable Tool HoldersA balanceable tool holder is used in conjunction with a balancing machine. The machine measures the