2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號71

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Being born in the summer could give you a sunny disposition for life. And a winter birthday might cast a permanent shadow_your happiness, scientists believe.問題1選項A.throughB.crossC.beneathD.over【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。cast a p

2、ermanent shadow over“給投上陰影；使減弱”。句意：出生在夏天可以給你的生活一個陽光的性格?？茖W家們認為，冬季的生日可能會給你的幸福蒙上永久的陰影。因此選項D符合題意。2.單選題There are too many complaints about society having to move too fast to keep up with the machine.問題1選項A.that have toB.have toC.having toD.has to【答案】C【解析】考查語法知識?？崭袂笆且粋€完整的there be句子，不缺成分，因此排除B和D兩個謂語動詞形式。如選

3、擇A選項，無法確認先行詞會造成語意混亂，因此排除A選項。C選項的having to是以現(xiàn)在分詞形式作為后置定語修飾前面的society。句意：有太多的人抱怨這個社會為了跟上機器而發(fā)展得太快。因此C選項符合題意。3.單選題（ ）only one moving soul in the center of all the orbits that is the sun which drives the planets the more vigorously the closer the planet is.問題1選項A.As existsB.Although existingC.There exist

4、sD.Where existing【答案】C【解析】考查語法知識。C選項的there exist 是there be句型的變形。需認清句中關系詞that 的先行詞是one moving soul。因此C選項符合題意。4.單選題Love was in the air in a Tokyo park as normally staid Japanese husbands gathered to scream out their feelings for their wives, promising _ and extra tight hugs.問題1選項A.attitudeB.multitudeC

5、.gratitudeD.latitude【答案】C【解析】考查形近詞辨析。attitude“態(tài)度，看法”；multitude“群眾，多數(shù)”；gratitude“感激”；latitude“維度，界限”。句意：在東京的一個公園里，空氣中彌漫著愛的氣息。平時不茍言笑的日本丈夫們聚集在一起，大聲表達他們對妻子的感情，表達感激之情，并給她們一個擁抱。選項中僅C選項與feelings相關，因此符合題意。5.單選題The contribution genes make to intelligence increases as children grow older. This goes against th

6、enotion that most people hold that as we age，environmental influences gradually overpower the geneticlegacy we are bom with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influencegoes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,”says Rober

7、tPlomin. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.”Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomins team pooled data from six separate studies carried out in the

8、 US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetics to measure a quantity called general cognitive ability, or “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same gene

9、s, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to distinguish the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.Plomins team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation inintelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percen

10、t； by young adolescence, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children getolder，they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs,and says “ Kids with high G will use their env

11、ironment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friendswho are like-minded. ” Children with medium to low G may choose less challenging pastimes andactivities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability

12、 doesntmean at all that there is nothing you can do about it，” says Susanne Jaeggi，“From our own work, theones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training. Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead

13、of it being tailored to childrens natural abilities. “My inclination would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to steer kids towards things drawing out their natural talent

14、s.”1.What is the common notion that people hold about genes?2.The study by Plomins team aims to find out ( )3.From the experiment with twins, Plomins team draws a conclusion that( ) .4.The word “pattern” in paragraph four is closest in meaning to( ) .5.Which of the following might Plomins team least

15、 agree to?問題1選項A.Humans can do little to change the genetic differences between people.B.Genetic influence becomes stronger when people receive education.C.Genes contribute more to ones intelligence than environmental factors.D.Environmental factors lessen the influence of genes on ones intelligence

16、.問題2選項A.whether variations in intelligence are caused by genetic differencesB.how to overpower genetic factors with new educational approachesC.whether genetic contribution to ones intelligence varies with ageD.the relationship between environment and genes問題3選項A.genetic contribution increases when

17、one grows olderB.genetic influence decreases when age increasesC.environment has more impact on fraternal twins than identical twinsD.it remains a mystery how genes and environment co-influence people問題4選項A.cognitive abilityB.strong heritabilityC.genetic legacyD.challenging pastimes問題5選項A.An identic

18、al curriculum to school children.B.A differentiated course design to children with varied IQ.C.More effort directed at children with medium or low G.D.Education tailored to childrens natural abilities.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:A第4題:A第5題:A【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：人們對基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“as we age，environmental influence

19、s gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are bom with and may have implications for education”可知大多數(shù)人認為，隨著年齡增長，“environmental influence環(huán)境影響”將逐漸大于“genetic legacy基因遺傳”。因此選項D符合題意。2.細節(jié)題。題干：Plomin的研究小組的目的是找出_。根據(jù)關鍵詞“Plomins team”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age

20、”可知他們的目的是找出基因貢獻是否隨著年齡增長而增加。因此選項C符合題意。3.細節(jié)推理題。題干：從雙胞胎的實驗中，Plomin的團隊得出了一個結論_。第二段最后提到了雙胞胎實驗，第三段開頭講到實驗結論“Plomins team calculated that”，第三句中“No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age”可推出實驗結論就是基因影響隨著年齡的增長而增加。因此選項A符合題意。4.詞義推測題。題干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_。定位點在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plom

21、in認為G較高的孩子會利用環(huán)境培養(yǎng)自己的認知能力并選擇志同道合的朋友；而G較低的孩子可能會選擇不那么有挑戰(zhàn)的娛樂和活動，進而強化了他們的基因遺傳?？芍@里說的“pattern”就是孩子們認知能力的發(fā)展。因此選項A符合題意。5.細節(jié)題。題干：下面哪個選項可能是Plomin的團隊最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的團隊認為應該進行差異化教育，對于G中低等的孩子應投入更多精力。因此選項A符合題意。6.單選題The most interesting new cars may owe ( ) the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people a

22、nd allowing them to work.問題1選項A.less local free-spiritedness thanB.less local free-spiritedness than toC.to less local free-spiritedness than toD.less to local free-spiritedness than to【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。owe to“歸功于”是固定搭配，與比較級lessthan連用，應為owe less tothan to。句意：最有趣的新車與其說得益于當?shù)氐淖杂删?，還不如說是得益于一種簡單的智慧，即雇傭幾個能人

23、，并讓他們?yōu)橹ぷ?。因此D選項符合題意。7.單選題The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create（ ）_.問題1選項A.boreB.boredC.boredomD.bordom【答案】C【解析】考查詞語辨析。A、B、C個選項屬于同根詞?？崭袂笆莄reate動詞，因此應填入名詞。bore“孔；令人討厭的人”；bored“無聊的；煩擾”，沒有名詞用法；boredom“厭倦；令人厭煩的事物”；bordom屬于錯詞。句意：電子技術的影響最初是給人帶來焦慮。現(xiàn)在它似乎在制造。因此C

24、選項符合題意。8.單選題The Collectors Edition coin is_, and represents a true collectors treasure to be appreciated for generations to come.問題1選項A.unlikely any Elvis Presley collectible ever releasedB.unlikely, and Elvis Presley collectible never releasedC.unlike any Elvis Presley collectible never releasedD.u

25、nlike any Elvis Presley collectible ever released【答案】D【解析】考查詞義。句意：此款收藏版硬幣，代表著一個真正的收藏家的珍品，其在未來將會升值。unlike“不同的；不相似的”；unlikely“不太可能的”，常出現(xiàn)于“it is unlikely that”。由句意判斷，此枚硬幣價值極高，不同于貓王發(fā)行的其他收藏品。因此D選項符合題意。9.單選題( )，wireless communications will increasingly become part of the fabric of everyday life.問題1選項A.In

26、years to comeB.Since coming yearsC.For years to comeD.Over coming years【答案】A【解析】考查短語辨析。In years to come“在未來的幾年中”；since coming years無此表達方式；for years to come無此用法；over coming years無此用法。因此A選項符合題意。10.單選題Business and government managers often promote “clean desk” polities to avoid disorganized offices and

27、 messy desks，_boosting work efficiency and productivity.問題1選項A.for the purpose ofB.for good ofC.for purpose ofD.for the fun of【答案】A【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。for the purpose of “為了目的”；B和C選項形式不正確；for the fun of“為了享受”。句意：企業(yè)和政府管理者經常推行“整潔的辦公室”政策，以避免混亂的辦公室和凌亂的桌子，提高工作效率和生產力。因此選項A符合題意。11.單選題The（） British theoretical phy

28、sicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.問題1選項A.imposingB.loftyC.prominentD.eminent【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析?？崭裉帒钊胄稳菰~修飾physicist。imposing“壯觀的，威風的”；lofty“崇高的，高傲的”；prominent“突出的，顯著的”；eminent“杰出的，有名的”。句意：英國杰出的理論物理學家斯蒂芬霍金曾在一次采訪中說，天堂是為害怕黑暗的人準備的

29、童話故事。因此D選項符合題意。12.單選題It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.問題1選項A.butB.norC.asD.like【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。not so muchas“與其說是不如說是”。句意：與其說語言不如說是文化背景使這本書難以理解。因此C選項符合題意。13.單選題A Survey has found that three quarters of men quite enjoy their food sho

30、pping experience and are happy to_their way around the aisles searching out products.問題1選項A.driveB.steerC.navigateD.voyage【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析與搭配。drive“推動；駕駛；驅趕”；steer“控制；引導；駕駛”；navigate“操縱；導航；航行”；voyage “航行；渡過”。四個選項雖都與駕駛、航行有關，但其中只有navigate可與ones way around搭配。句意：一項調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，四分之三的男性非常享受他們的食品購物體驗，他們很樂意推車購物車來回尋找

31、商品。因此C選項符合題意。14.單選題Before turning to writing, I spent eight years as a lawyer about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail.問題1選項A.fantasizingB.fascinatingC.facilitatingD.finalizing【答案】A【解析】考查詞語辨析。句中用的是spend time doing。fantasize“幻想；做白日夢”；fascinate“使著迷；使神魂顛倒”；facilitate“促進；幫助”；fina

32、lize“完成；使結束”。句意：從事寫作之前，我當了八年律師，幻想著有位聲名顯赫的父親能夠指引我方向，想象那樣的生活是什么樣子的。選項A符合題意。15.單選題Both versions of the myth 一 the West as a place of escape from society and the West as a stage on which the moral conflicts confronting society could be played out figured prominently in the histories and essays of young

33、Theodore Roosevelt，the paintings and sculptures of artist Frederic Remington, and the short stories and novels of writer Owen Wister. These three young members of the eastern establishment spent much time in the West in the 1880s, and each was intensely affected by the adventure. All three had felt

34、thwarted by the constraints and enervating influence of the genteel urban world in which they had grown up, and each went West to experience the physical challenges and moral simplicities extolled in the dime novels. When Roosevelt arrived in 1884 at the ranch he had purchased in the Dakota Badlands

35、, he at once bought a leather scouts uniform, complete with fringed sleeves and leggings.Each man also found in the West precisely what he was looking for. The frontier that Roosevelt glorified in such books as The Winning of the West (four volumes, 1889-1896), and that the prolific Remington portra

36、yed in his work, was a stark physical and moral environment that stripped away all social artifice and tested an individuals true ability and character. Drawing on a popular version of English scientist Charles Darwins evolutionary theory, which characterized life as a struggle in which only the fit

37、test and hast survived, Roosevelt and Remington exalted the disappearing frontier as the last outpost of an honest and true social order.This version of the frontier myth reached its apogee in Owen Wisters enormously popular novel The Virginian (1902)，later reincarnated as a 1929 Gary Cooper movie a

38、nd a 1960s television series. In Wisters tale the elemental, physical and social environment of the Great Plains produces individuals like his unnamed cowboy hero, “the Virginian”，an honest, strong, and compassionate man, quick to help the weak and fight the wicked. The Virginian is one of natures a

39、ristocrats ill-educated and unsophisticated but uptight, steady, and deeply moral. The Virginian sums up his own moral code in describing his view of Gods justice: “He plays a square game with us.” For Wister, as for Roosevelt and Remington, the cowboy was the Christian knight on the Plains, indiffe

40、rent to material gain as he held virtue, pursued justice, and attacked evil.Needless to say, the western myth in all its forms was far removed from the actual reality of the West. Critics delighted in pointing out that no one scene in The Virginian actually showed the hard physical labor of the catt

41、le range. The idealized version of the West also glossed over the darker underside of frontier expansion the brutalities of Indian warfare, the forced removal of the Indians to reservations, the racist discrimination against Mexican-Americans and blacks, the risks and perils of commercial agricultur

42、e and cattle growing, and the boom-and-bust mentality rooted in the selfish exploitation of natural resources.1.Which of the following is probably the main reason for the author to mention Theodore Roosevelt, Frederic Remington and Owen Wister?2.Which of the following statements best describes The V

43、irginian？3.According to the passage, which of the following statements regarding the myth of the West isNOT true?4.The authors primary purpose in writing the passage is （ ）5.What is probably the reason for people to make up a legendary West?問題1選項A.They glorified the frontier life.B.They were constra

44、ined by the genteel urban world.C.They spent much time in the West.D.They were famous members of the eastern establishment.問題2選項A.It is the best Western movie ever made in Hollywood.B.It is a popular novel written by Own Wister and Theodore Roosevelt.C.It gives an accurate depiction of the frontier

45、experience.D.It is one of the most successful books about the West.問題3選項A.In one idealized view, the West was a place one can escape from society and its pressures.B.In one version of the myth, western frontiersman was depicted as a figure deeply immersed insociety and its concerto.C.Some writers po

46、rtrayed the western wilderness as a simple and innocent society.D.The extreme hardship of the frontier life is one powerful theme of the legendary West.問題4選項A.to perpetuate the myth about the WestB.to introduce the famous writers and painters of the WestC.to distinguish the myth of the West and the

47、actual realityD.to present the brutalities of Indian warfare問題5選項A.They liked to make up stories.B.They believed what they portrayed were the actual reality.C.They clung to the myth of the West as an uncomplicated, untainted Eden of social simplicity, and moral clarity in an era of unsettling social

48、 transformation.D.They wanted to make profit by luring people to the West.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:D第4題:C第5題:C【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：下面哪一個可能是作者提到Theodore Roosevelt、Frederic Remington和Owen Wister的主要原因？由關鍵詞定位到文章第一段第一句。文中提到，這三人都是傳揚西部神話的作家和藝術家，他們的作品都對西部進行了美化。因此A選項符合題意。2.細節(jié)題。題干：下面哪個陳述最能描述弗吉尼亞人？The Virginian出現(xiàn)在第三段第一句。A選項的

49、best Western movie與原文“a 1929moive”不符合；文中沒有提到Theodore Roosevelt與小說有關，所以排除B選項；C選項的the frontier experience與“the frontier myth”不符合，因此排除C選項。這本書成功塑造了西部神話，是最成功的關于西部的書之一，因此D選項符合題意。3.判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，下列哪個關于西方神話的陳述是不正確的？選項A對應本文第一段第一句“”；B選項對應第三段第二句；C選項對應第二段第二句；最后一段提到，弗吉尼亞人沒有提到the extreme hardship，因此D是不對的。4.主旨題。

50、題干：作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是_。全文講述了西部神話的發(fā)展歷程和成功，也說到了西部神話和西部現(xiàn)實之間的區(qū)別。不是介紹著名西部作家和藝術家，因此排除B選項。文章只有最后提到了部分D選項的內容，不能代表主旨。因此C選項符合題意。5.判斷推理題。題干：人們?yōu)槭裁匆M成一個傳奇的西部？文章第二段提到，人們在西部找到了自己正在追尋的事物。在混亂的社會轉型時代，西部被認為是純粹且未受污染的伊甸園。因此C選項符合題意。16.填空題In Microsofts latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away exp

51、ensive laptops loaded (1) _ its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts generated controversy as well as good (2) _, with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of bribery and their peers (3) _ unethical behavior.Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, wh

52、ich can sell (4) _ more than $ 2,200, from Microsoft.A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the (5) _ had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers (6) _ wrote about technology and other subjects that could be (7) _ by the new operating system, like photography and, oddly, parenting.But whi

53、le those on Microsofts mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusiasm, many (8) _ bloggers soon objectednot because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the (9) _ rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept (10) _ gifts from companies

54、 they cover.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER【答案】1. with2. will3. of4. for5. company6. who7. affected/influenced8. other9. same10. expensive【解析】1. 考查固定搭配。句意表示微軟公司最近出售的便攜電腦都裝載新開發(fā)

55、的Windows Vista操作系統(tǒng)，表示裝載時，load與with搭配。2. 考查語義。根據(jù)句意，The gifts體現(xiàn)了好意，也引起了爭論。因此填入will，good will表示“善意”。3. 考查固定搭配。本句說到有些博客職責微軟公司行賄，并列部分省略了“accusing”，表示還職責同行缺乏職業(yè)道德。表示職責時使用“accuse of”。4. 考查固定搭配。句中sell后面跟的是金額，說明賣了多少錢，此時使用固定搭配“sell for”。5. 考查語義。句中缺少的是賓語從句的主語。綜合上下文，送出90臺電腦給博主們的就是微軟公司。此處只需填company即可。6. 考查語法知識。前半

56、句“the company had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers”，后半句的謂語動詞“wrote about”說明正是這些被送電腦的博客們寫了些東西。因此這里缺的是定語從句的引導詞，而這個詞要在從句中充當主語指代bloggers，應填入who。7. 考查語法知識。本句說的是“其他可能會受新操作系統(tǒng)的技術和對象”，根據(jù)語義可知應填入“影響”。并且此處為被動語態(tài)，應填入過去分詞形式，affected或influenced都可以。8. 試題分析：句中提到，有些博主不接受贈予是因為博主和傳統(tǒng)的記者一樣受到條款的制約，而不是他們不再列表式。前文提到接受贈

57、予的額博主是在郵件列表上的，因此這些博主就用“other”修飾。9. 考查語義。這些博主與傳統(tǒng)的記者受到的條款約束，此處應表示同樣的。并且“sameas”表示“同樣”的意思。因此填入same。10. 考查語義。根據(jù)上文提到電腦的售價，可知此處表示“他們不能接受他們所報道的公司的昂貴禮物”。因此填入expensive。17.單選題Only when faced with overwhelming evidence of being treated differently than the men who surrounded me（ ），briefly, with the notion that

58、 I was different in gender-related ways from my male colleagues.問題1選項A.that I dealtB.I dealtC.then I dealtD.did I deal【答案】D【解析】考查語法知識。only位于句首時，引導的句子為部分倒裝結構。only后緊跟的是when引導的時間狀語從句，因此使用正常語序，主句則需要倒裝。D選項符合題意18.單選題The market for dust masks and air purifiers is（ ） in Beijing because the capital has been

59、shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.問題1選項A.boomingB.loomingC.doomingD.zooming【答案】A【解析】考查形近詞辨析。booming“興旺的，繁榮的”；looming“隱隱約約的，正在逼近的”；dooming“命中注定，宣判”；zooming“急速上升的”。句意：北京的口罩和空氣凈化器市場正在迅速發(fā)展，因為首都已經連續(xù)幾天籠罩在濃霧之中。因此A選項符合題意。19.單選題Charles Darwins “On the Origin of Species” is credited with sparkin

60、g evolutions revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the ideas significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold arboretums new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and