2022年考研考博-考博英語-南昌大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號24

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-南昌大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic, with its northern most tip actually the Arctic Circle.問題1選項A.touchedB.touchingC.being touchedD.touches【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)前半部分內(nèi)容可知句子已經(jīng)有謂語部分，因此空格處不可能再出現(xiàn)謂語形式，因此可知只能選擇非謂語動詞。再判斷出Icel

2、and與 Arctic Circle是主動關(guān)系，因此選項B符合題意。句意：冰島位于大西洋北部，最北端與北極圈相接。2.單選題You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you should have known what was happening all along.問題1選項A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。refer to “參考，涉及”；defend “辯護(hù)；防護(hù)”；plead “借口”；persist in “堅持；固執(zhí)于”。句意：你不能拿無知當(dāng)借口；你本就應(yīng)該知道發(fā)生了什么事情

3、。3.翻譯題亞洲是地球上最大的洲，面積占世界陸地近百分之三十，人口約占世界總?cè)丝诘陌俜种?。亞洲有巨大的市場需求潛力和堅實的發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。它還富有自然和人力資源。它有悠久的歷史和文化。亞洲的多元文化生機勃勃，促進(jìn)了它的發(fā)展。目前，世界正步入多元化的進(jìn)程，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化日益突出。這給亞洲提供了新的機遇，同時也使它面臨著挑戰(zhàn)?！敬鸢浮緼sia is the largest continent on earth, with nearly 30 percent of the world land area and 60 percent of the world population. Asia has a

4、huge market with big potential and a solid foundation for development. It is also rich in natural and human resources. It has a long history and culture. The diversity of cultures in Asia is alive and has contributed to its development. At present, the world is entering the process of diversificatio

5、n, and economic globalization is increasingly prominent, which presents Asia with new opportunities as well as challenges.4.單選題_ I admit that there are problems, I dont think that they cannot be solved.問題1選項A.WhileB.UnlessC.AsD.Since【答案】A【解析】考查連詞的用法。句意：盡管我承認(rèn)有問題，但我不認(rèn)為它們不可解決。選項A符合題意。5.單選題Design of all

6、 the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” is tested using a regular tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. Twisted joints and stretched muscles cannot perform as well,

7、it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old.One of the electronic instruments used b

8、y Dr. Tichauer, the myograph, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle.Another machine measures any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon which to base a new design. One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more

9、stable and safer to use than one with four legs.This work has attracted the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauers first thought is for the health of the tool user. With the repeated use of the same tool all day long on p

10、roduction lines and in other jobs, even light manual work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety hazard.Efficiency is the by-product of comfort, Dr. Tichauer believes, and his new desig

11、ns fortraditional tools have proved his point.1. What are involved in the design of a new tool according to the passage?2. From the passage we know that joints and muscles perform best when .3. A “myograph” (Para. A.2, Line 1) is an electronic instrument that .4. It can be inferred from the passage

12、that .5. Dr. Tichauer started his experiments initially to .問題1選項A.Electronic instruments and a regular toolB.A human “guinea pig” and a regular toolC.Electronic instruments and a human “guinea pig”D.Electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig” and a regular tool問題2選項A.they are twisted and stretched

13、B.they are in their normal positionsC.they are tested with a human “guinea pig”D.they are tested with electronic instruments問題3選項A.is able to design new toolsB.measures the amount of energy usedC.enable people to see the muscular movementsD.visualizes electrical signals問題4選項A.a stepladder used to ha

14、ve four legsB.it is dangerous to use toolsC.a tripod is safer in a tool designD.workers are safer on production lines問題5選項A.improve efficiencyB.increase productionC.reduce work loadD.improve comfort【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段前面兩句Design of all the new tools and implements is base

15、d on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” is tested using a regular tool可知做該實驗涉及到了electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig”和a regular tool，選項D符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句話Twisted joints and stretched muscles cannot perform as well, it has been found, as joints a

16、nd muscles in their normal positions可知選項B符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容the myograph, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle可知選項C符合題意。4.推理判斷題。文章第三段第二句提到用新機器做實驗的一個結(jié)論是，三腳架的活梯比四腳活梯用起來更穩(wěn)定、更安全（One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more stable

17、 and safer to use than one with four legs），由此可知以前的梯子都是四腳的，因此選項A符合題意。5.推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句提到Dr. Tichauer最初的想法是為了工具使用者的健康（Dr. Tichauers first thought is for the health of the tool user），隨后提到使用新機器可以減少人的壓力，由此可知選項D符合題意。6.單選題The famous scientist his success to hard work.問題1選項A.ascribedB.grantedC.impartedD.ac

18、knowledged【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。ascribe “歸因于”，一般與to 搭配，ascribe to “把歸于”；grant “（合法地）授予”；impart “告知”；acknowledge “承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)”。句意：這位著名的科學(xué)家將其成功歸功于努力。選項A符合題意。7.單選題The presidents speech was so that many people were persuaded to accept the need for change.問題1選項A.expressiveB.inherentC.eloquentD.frequent【答案】C【解析】考查形

19、容詞詞義辨析。expressive “表現(xiàn)的”；inherent “固有的，內(nèi)在的”；eloquent “雄辯的，有口才的”；frequent “頻繁的”。句意：總統(tǒng)的演講非常有說服力，以至于許多人都被說服接受了變革的必要性。選項C符合題意。8.單選題Improvements in quality control techniques have resulted in more high-quality products with very few _.問題1選項A.failuresB.defectsC.routesD.spots【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。failures “失敗”；

20、defects “缺點”；routes “路線”；spots “斑點”。句意：質(zhì)量控制技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更高，缺陷更少。選項B符合題意。9.單選題It is found by scientists that the disease that causes cold can be by air and by close contact.問題1選項A.transmittedB.infectedC.transformedD.transferred【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。Transmit “傳輸”；infect “感染，傳染”；transform “改變，變形”；transfer “轉(zhuǎn)讓

21、”。句意：科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，引起感冒的疾病可以通過空氣和密切接觸傳染。選項B符合題意。10.單選題When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassme

22、nt to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching

23、pad （發(fā)射臺）. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns（報酬遞減率）begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per ye

24、ar than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24, 000, while the full professors managed to average just $23, 030.A Ph. D. D.is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned

25、to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world by far.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages orworst of allin p

26、hilosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high sc

27、hool or backwater college pays much less than the janitor （看門人）earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1. According to the writ

28、er, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who_.2. If you are as gifted as Bernard Shaw or Edison, _.3. Ph.D.s are most likely to .4. Which of the following is NOT true?5. The writer is critical of .問題1選項A.will not be a shame to the societyB.will become skilled workersC.can take

29、 care of themselvesD.can meet the demands as a source of manpower問題2選項A.you can get a high school diploma without difficultyB.you will be successful in a grade schoolC.you can be professionally successful without a diplomaD.the least you should do is to get a diploma問題3選項A.have difficulties getting

30、properly employedB.be employed in the fields of commerce or industryC.have to fill out application forms month after month for othersD.work in schools or colleges with low pay問題4選項A.Bernard Shaw didnt finish high schools, nor did EdisonB.There are far more Ph D s than the society demandsC.The higher

31、 your education level, the more money you will earnD.If you are too well-educated, youll make things difficult for the society問題5選項A.the employeesB.the Ph D sC.the employersD.the society【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句提到他們真正的期望是獲得足夠的教育來為社會提供人力（What they really mean is to get just en

32、ough education to provide manpower for your society），因此選項D符合題意。2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到高中文憑是必要的，如果沒有的話，除非你是蕭伯納或者愛迪生，如果你是他們，你小學(xué)輟學(xué)都行（unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school），因為他們就算沒有文憑，也在各自領(lǐng)域中脫穎而出，因此選項C符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第五段倒數(shù)第一句話提

33、到美國失業(yè)或未充分就業(yè)的博士人數(shù)比世界上其他國家要多（There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world by far），由此可知選項A符合題意。4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第五段可知很多博士就業(yè)問題并不是很理想，由此可知選項C表述是錯誤的，符合題意。5.判斷推理題。無論是雇主、雇員還有博士生本人都是屬于社會中的一員，一系列狀況都是社會發(fā)展導(dǎo)致的，因此作者批判的是這個社會，因此選項D符合題意。11.單選題Labor and management have

34、 agreed on a temporary settlement, thereby a strike.問題1選項A.startingB.forestallingC.causingD.accelerating【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。start “開始”；forestall “預(yù)先阻止”；cause “導(dǎo)致”；accelerate “使加快”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息 a temporary settlement可知是暫時解決了問題，因此阻止了罷工（strike）。選項B符合題意。句意：勞資雙方達(dá)成了協(xié)議，一場罷工被阻止。12.單選題Humidity is so intense in some

35、parts of the tropics that Europeans find that they are unable to _ it.問題1選項A.maintainB.persistC.endureD.sustain【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。maintain “維持”；persist “堅持；持續(xù)”；endure “忍耐，容忍”；sustain “維持，支撐”。句意：熱帶部分地區(qū)的濕度過于強烈以至于很多歐洲人難以忍受。選項C符合題意。13.單選題There are nowadays not many teachers who are strong of traditional

36、methods in classroom teaching.問題1選項A.sponsorsB.contributorsC.advocatesD.performers【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Sponsors “贊助商”；contributors “貢獻(xiàn)者，參與者”；advocates “擁護(hù)者，提倡者”；performers “表演者，執(zhí)行者”。句意：現(xiàn)在提倡在教學(xué)中使用傳統(tǒng)方法的老師不多了。選項C符合題意。14.單選題While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightin

37、gale.問題1選項A.in favor ofB.in honor ofC.in line withD.in place of【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。in favor of “支持，贊同”；in honor of “為紀(jì)念”；in line with “符合，與一致”；in place of “替代”。句意：在倫敦，我們參觀了為紀(jì)念護(hù)士南丁格爾而創(chuàng)立的醫(yī)院。選項B符合題意。15.單選題Though he wheedled and threatened, she didnt any details of the plan.問題1選項A.give offB.give awayC.give

38、overD.give up【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。give off “發(fā)出（光）等”；give away “贈送，喪失；泄露”；give over “停止；交出”；give up “放棄；交出”。句意：盡管他時而甜言蜜語，時而威脅，她沒有透露計劃的任何細(xì)節(jié)。16.單選題That part of the city has long been for its street violence and disorder.問題1選項A.notoriousB.famousC.illegalD.responsible【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Notorious “臭名昭著的”；famou

39、s “著名的”；illegal “非法的”；responsible “負(fù)責(zé)的”。句意：該市那個地區(qū)由于街頭暴力和無秩序而長時間臭名昭著。選項A符合題意。17.單選題_ all our kindness to help her; Sara refused to listen.問題1選項A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】D【解析】考查介詞詞義辨析。at “在（表示存在或出現(xiàn)的地點、場所、位置等）”；in “在內(nèi)”；for “對；為了”；on “在之上；對于，關(guān)于”。句意：對于我們的友好幫助，薩拉拒絕了。選項D符合題意。18.單選題In order to repair barns, buil

40、d fence, grow crop and care for animals, a farmer must indeed be _.問題1選項A.restlessB.ceaselessC.availableD.versatile【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。restless “焦躁不安的”；ceaseless “不斷的”；available “可獲得的”；versatile “多才多藝的”。句意：為了修復(fù)谷倉，建造柵欄，種植作物和照顧動物，農(nóng)民需要學(xué)會各種技能。選項D符合題意。19.單選題TBA Industrial Products produces asbestos (石棉) t

41、extiles for brake linings. The company is just instituting a programme to reduce the asbestos in the air at the plant to a maximum 0.5 fibers per milliliter of airthe control limit imposed by the Health and Safety Executive irresponsible. With constant exposure to that level, according to a report b

42、y an Ontario Royal Commission, between one and four out of 100 people working for 25 years could expect to die of a asbestos-related cancer. Yet David Gee, health and safety officer of the General, Municipal and Boiler-makers Union, accepts that the company should go no lower. Why?Problem number one

43、 is assessing the risk and the difference that proposed safety measures would make to it. There are three basic categories, to which the HSEs policy-makers workin the jargon, corpses, cancers and catastrophes.“Corpses” are the victims of one-off accidents. A wealth of evidence on such accidents exis

44、ts, and the effects of measures to combat them are easily calculated.“Cancers”, the killer diseases that can arise from working long periods in unsafe environments, are harder to assess. The diseases may not appear until years after the process was first initiated, and the relationship between cause

45、 and effect is often controversial.Assessing the potential for “catastrophes” -like Bhopal, Seveso or Flixborough_ in which tens of thousands of people can be affected is harder still. Such events are exceedingly rare so they cannot be predicted on the basis of past experience. Instead engineering e

46、xperts think of everything that could go wrongand of the things that could go wrong with the precautions. The probability of an accident is then expressed in terms of the number of likely catastrophes per 10,000 years, usually a fraction of one. This process yields an estimate of the risk of loss of

47、 life for each plant or process. The next stage is to put a money value on it.The classic economists calculation uses what is called the “human capital” approach. The dead person is valued as a machine who would otherwise have produced goods.This callous calculus made no allowance for what most peop

48、le would regard as the main cost of a lost life-the pain, grief and suffering. That has now changed, thanks to work by Professor Michael Jones-Lee and his colleagues at Newcastle University. They asked members of the public what risks they would be prepared to run for what overall rewards. This proc

49、ess yields estimates of the subjective value of lives. The answer seems to come out between lm and 2m.1. Why is TBA Industrial Products about to reduce asbestos levels in the air at their plant?2. “Cancers” are harder to assess than “corpses” because .3. What does the assessment of the potential for

50、 “catastrophes” rely on?4. The writer suggests that the “human capital” approach is .5. A typical question posed by Professor Jones-Lee and his colleagues would have been:問題1選項A.To comply with a report by the Ontario Royal CommissionB.Because the Union is demanding stricter safety measuresC.Because

51、present levels are above those set by the HSED.To improve the quality of their brake linings問題2選項A.the safety measures employed vary a great dealB.Tthere are far more of themC.Tthe wealth of evidence has not yet been analyzedD.Iit is difficult to trace the cause of some diseases問題3選項A.An analysis of

52、 a few past disasters.B.Mathematical probability calculations.C.A comparison of “cancers” and “corpses”.D.Reports of a companys capital.問題4選項A.unreliable and riskyB.invaluable and subjectiveC.too rough and readyD.clinical and inhumane問題5選項A.How much do you think a persons life is worth?B.Would you s

53、ay you enjoy taking risks at work?C.How much would you work in an asbestos factory for?D.What reward would you expect for saving someones life?【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一段提到公司計劃減少工廠排放至空氣中的石棉含量，即每毫升空氣中纖維含量最多0.5，這是衛(wèi)生安全局定下的范圍（The company is just instituting a programme to reduce the a

54、sbestos in the air at the plant to a maximum 0.5 fibers per milliliter of airthe control limit imposed by the Health and Safety Executive irresponsible），因此可以推測目前的含量超過了這個范圍，才會需要降低，因此選項C符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第四段最后一句話提到這些致命的疾病可能要在多年后才出現(xiàn)，而其產(chǎn)生的原因和導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系具有爭議性（The diseases may not appear until years after the

55、 process was first initiated, and the relationship between cause and effect is often controversial），因此選項D符合題意。3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第五段第四句話The probability of an accident is then expressed in terms of the number of likely catastrophes per 10,000 years, usually a fraction of one可知選項B符合題意。4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句話Thi

56、s callous calculus made no allowance for what most people would regard as the main cost of a lost life-the pain, grief and suffering中的callous（無情的，麻木的）可知人力資本方法是殘忍的，選項D符合題意。5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句話The answer seems to come out between lm and 2m，可知回答的是某種 事物的價格，因此選項A符合題意。20.單選題It is not uncommon for there _

57、 problems of communication between the old and the young.問題1選項A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：年輕一代與老一代之間的交流存在問題，這種情況非常罕見。此處是there be句型，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知此處并不缺少謂語動詞，因而只能使用非謂語動詞，選項A符合題意。21.單選題These days, Jenny has consumed a lot and has a whole of bills waiting to be paid.問題1選項A.stackB.pileC.nu

58、mberD.sequence【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。a stack of bills “一堆賬單”。句意：這些天，珍妮買了很多東西，有大堆賬單等著支付。選項A符合題意。22.單選題For many years, artists have flocked to Paris, France, to paint or to learn to paint. Perhaps artists first went there because of the citys beauty. They went to paint pictures of the broad tree-lined street

59、s, the great churches, and the graceful river bridges. The artists felt comfortable in Paris because the people of the city had always enjoyed art. Paris had great art museums, filled with famous paintings and statues from many countries. And the people of Paris had always welcomed new ideas. In thi

60、s city artists felt free to experiment with new ways of painting. As soon as famous artists painted in Paris, students came to learn them. People came to buy paintings. Men called art dealers set up galleries where paintings could be bought and sold. Others kept shops that sold artists paints and su