2022年考研考博-考博英語-吉林大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號98

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-吉林大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題There is too great a （ ）of alcohol in Britain.問題1選項(xiàng)A.consumptionB.destructionC.absenceD.transmission【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。consumption “消費(fèi)；消耗”；destruction “破壞；毀滅”；absence “缺乏；缺席”；transmission “傳動(dòng)裝置;傳送”。句意：英國的酒精消耗太大了。選項(xiàng)A符合題

2、意。2.單選題In the end, the police had to（ ） to force in order to break up the crowd.問題1選項(xiàng)A.confineB.withdrawC.employD.appeal【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。confine “限制；禁閉”； withdraw “撤退；離開；收回”；employ “使用，采用；雇用”；appeal “呼吁；上訴；訴諸于”。句意：最后，警察為了驅(qū)散人群只能訴諸于武力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。3.單選題The ideas expressed in the art historians book are mo

3、re（ ） than one would expect on the basis of her rather （ ）treatment of her subject in the opening pages.問題1選項(xiàng)A.riguingB.accessible.reconditeC.hidebound.reactionaryD.insightful.innovative【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。compelling “引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing “有趣的，迷人的”；accessible “易接近的，可進(jìn)入的，可理解的”；recondite “深?yuàn)W的，隱藏的”；h

4、idebound “死板的，保守的，頑固的”；reactionary “保守的，反動(dòng)的”；insightful “有深刻見解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative “革新的，創(chuàng)新的”。句意：跟她在開篇對主題的深?yuàn)W表述，對于讀者而言，這個(gè)藝術(shù)史學(xué)家書中的觀點(diǎn)要容易理解很多。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。4.單選題Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do

5、 not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to ones side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and m

6、arked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that Gift means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others, Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Am

7、ericans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to th

8、e needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public: buildings or monuments, we do not have multilingual waiters bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.

9、When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The, attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives-usually the richer-who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nations diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For ma

10、ny years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are, slowly beginn

11、ing to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper

12、 hand.1.It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably（ ） .2.The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their（ ） .3.American people ignore cultural differences in other countries because （ ）.4.According to the author, Americans

13、culture blindness and linguistic ignorance will （ ）.5.The authors intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that（ ） .問題1選項(xiàng)A.stand stillB.step forwardC.jump asideD.draw back問題2選項(xiàng)A.cultural self-centerednessB.indifference towards foreign affairsC.casual mannersD.arrogance towards

14、other cultures問題3選項(xiàng)A.they can afford it with powerful economy and great wealthB.they are aggressive by nature and proud of their own cultureC.people in other cultures respect the American cultureD.people in other cultures are particularly tolerant問題4選項(xiàng)A.affect their image in the new eraB.cut themsel

15、ves off from the outside worldC.limit their role in world affairsD.weaken the position of the US dollars問題5選項(xiàng)A.it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB.it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC.it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD.it is time to ge

16、t acquainted with other cultures【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.文章第二段Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable提到拉丁裔人和中東人喜歡靠得更近并且彼此接觸，這讓美國人感到不舒服，因此可以推測，當(dāng)美國人遇上中東人這種靠近的行為會(huì)后退。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。2.stand still “站著不動(dòng)，靜止不動(dòng)”；step forward “走出，向前進(jìn)”；jump aside “閃開”；

17、draw back “后退”。文章中的例子主要是用來批判美國人對自己文化的過分自信，而對他國文化的忽視（linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness）。選項(xiàng)A中的“文化自我中心”符合題意。3.文章第六段For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world,

18、the distributor of needed funds and goods.提到美國和美國人的文化愚昧和語言無知能夠維系是因?yàn)槊绹鞘澜缟献顝?qiáng)的國家，是資金和物資的提供者。由此可知，美國人之所以這樣文化自信，忽略他國文化，是因?yàn)楸緡慕?jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力足夠強(qiáng)大。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。4.文章第三段Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countr

19、ies, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world提到由于語言和文化的無知和看到他國的品味、姿勢、習(xí)俗和語言等的態(tài)度，使得美國正在世界中失去朋友、生意和尊重。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。5.文章提到了美國對他國文化的盲目和無知導(dǎo)致他們會(huì)在生活上失去伙伴，會(huì)影響美國在世界事務(wù)中的地位，因此，熟悉他國的文化非常有必要。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。5.單選題Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious weapons in the struggle for survival in the open. They had n

20、either the powerful teeth nor the （1）claws of the big cats. They could not （2）with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws （3）an impressive “small-fire” weaponry. They could not even defend themselves （4）running swiftly like horse, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to compete o

21、n those terms in the open, they would have been （5）to failure and extinction. But they were （6）with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not （7）by any of their competitors.In the search （8）the pickings of the forest, the ape-man had （9）efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color （10）the an

22、imals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range （11）the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far （12）he reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long distance sight was （13）another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a

23、 problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight, so（14）they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not （15）. Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-m

24、en （16）the only possible solution. They reared up as high as （17）on their hind limbs and began to walk upright. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-man became slower still. （18）they persever

25、ed and their bone structure gradually became （19）to the new, unstable position that （20）them the name Homo erectus, upright man.問題1選項(xiàng)A.bigB.weakC.strongD.small問題2選項(xiàng)A.matchB.compareC.rivalD.equal問題3選項(xiàng)A.becameB.equippedC.posedD.provided問題4選項(xiàng)A.inB.uponC.byD.with問題5選項(xiàng)A.drivenB.doomedC.forcedD.led問題6選項(xiàng)A.

26、bestowedB.givenC.presentedD.endowed問題7選項(xiàng)A.managedB.possessedC.posedD.opposed問題8選項(xiàng)A.forB.ofC.onD.at問題9選項(xiàng)A.progressedB.generatedC.developedD.advanced問題10選項(xiàng)A.whichB.asC.whatD.that問題11選項(xiàng)A.urgedB.permittedC.bannedD.caused問題12選項(xiàng)A.fromB.apartC.beyondD.above問題13選項(xiàng)A.ratherB.quiteC.muchD.really問題14選項(xiàng)A.anythin

27、gB.thatC.everythingD.all問題15選項(xiàng)A.availableB.enoughC.sufficientD.convenient問題16選項(xiàng)A.choseB.adoptedC.acceptedD.took問題17選項(xiàng)A.valuableB.acceptableC.possibleD.able問題18選項(xiàng)A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.Subsequently問題19選項(xiàng)A.suitedB.familiarizedC.adaptedD.accustomed問題20選項(xiàng)A.obtainedB.calledC.deservedD.earned【答案

28、】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:D第4題:C第5題:B第6題:D第7題:B第8題:B第9題:C第10題:D第11題:B第12題:C第13題:B第14題:D第15題:A第16題:B第17題:C第18題:A第19題:C第20題:D【解析】（1）考查前后邏輯。neither nor“既不 也不 ”，兩個(gè)詞接后面接類似的詞，neither后面接的是 powerful，所以nor后面應(yīng)該接四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里的strong。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。（2）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。match “使匹配，使相稱”；compare “比較”；rival “與 競爭”；equal “等于，比得上”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儽炔簧瞎沸?，

29、狗熊的力量、速度和爪子都能夠提供很好的武器。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（3）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。 become “成為”；equip “裝備；配備”；pose “擺姿勢”；provide “提供”。空格處所在句子的句意參考第32題，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。（4）考查介詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄兩踔敛荒芟耨R和斑馬那樣通過奔跑來保護(hù)自己。by “通過”，符合題意。（5）考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。be driven to “沉浸于”；be doomed to sth. “注定”；be forced to “被迫”；lead to “導(dǎo)致”。空格處所在句子的句意是：如果一個(gè)類人猿試圖在野外與其他動(dòng)物搏斗，他們注定失

30、敗并且滅絕。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（6）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。bestow “贈(zèng)給”，常與on或upon搭配；give “給”，常與to搭配；present “贈(zèng)予”，常與with搭配；endow“天生具有，賦予”，一般用被動(dòng)式與with搭配?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄兲焐鷵碛衅渌魏胃偁帉κ炙痪哂械哪撤N巨大的隱蔽的優(yōu)勢。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。（7）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。manage “成功做”；possess “占有”；pose“擺姿勢”；oppose “反對”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?6題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（8）考查固定搭配。in the search of 是固定搭配，“在尋找 的過程中”。選項(xiàng)B符

31、合題意。（9）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generate “生成，產(chǎn)生”；progress “進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步”；develop “形成，獲得”；advance “前進(jìn)，發(fā)展”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐窃谏娓偁幹蓄惾嗽持鸩叫纬闪擞行У摹⒉莸貏?dòng)物不具有的立體視覺和顏色辨色能力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。（10）考查定語從句。先行詞是efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color，先行詞有兩個(gè)，所以只能用 that。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。（11）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。urge “催促”；permit “允許”；ban “禁止”；cause “引起”?？崭裉幥懊?the abil

32、ity to see clearly at close range “能夠近距離看到目標(biāo)的能力”這個(gè)能力為它們研究實(shí)際問題提供條件，即“允許”它們?nèi)パ芯繉?shí)際問題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（12）考查固定搭配。beyond the reach of “在 范圍之外”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。（13）考查副詞詞義辨析。quite是程度副詞，可以用在限定詞another前面，而另外三個(gè)副詞則不可以。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（14）考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。本句是由so引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)從句，句子缺少一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，該引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)they had to do的賓語，all符合題意。（15）考查形容詞詞義辨析。available “可得到的；可用的”

33、；enough “足夠的”；sufficient “充足的”；convenient意為“方便的”?？崭裉幘渥铀诘木湟馐牵喝欢诳諘绲囊巴?，這種方法是行不通的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（16）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。choose“選擇，挑選”；adopt“采用；采納”；accept“接受”；take“實(shí)施；采取”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵侯惾嗽巢捎昧宋ㄒ豢尚械姆椒?。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（17）考查形容詞詞義辨析。valuable “有價(jià)值的”；acceptable “可接受的，合意的”；possible“可能的”；able “能夠的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核鼈兊暮笾M可能高地抬起，開始直立行走。選項(xiàng)C符合

34、題意。（18）考查前后邏輯。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同時(shí)”；subsequently“隨后”?？崭裉幩诰渥优c前面的句子提到直立行走使得類人猿站不穩(wěn)，并且跟其他動(dòng)物相比本來速度就慢了，現(xiàn)在變得更慢了（It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-man became slower still）?？崭裉幒竺嫣岬筋惾嗽忱^續(xù)堅(jiān)持并且使得骨頭結(jié)構(gòu)開始逐漸變化，可以看出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以however符合題意。（19）考查形容詞詞義辨析。be suited to sth

35、. “適合 的”；be accustomed to “習(xí)慣于”；be familiarized with“與 相熟”；adapt to sth. “適應(yīng)”。空格處所在句子的句意是：它們的骨骼漸漸適應(yīng)了這種新的行走方式。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。（20）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。obtain “獲得”；call “叫”；deserve “值得”；earn “賺得，贏得”。空格處所在句子提到由于類人猿的骨骼逐漸適應(yīng)了直立行走，因此贏得了“直立人”的稱號。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。6.單選題The surpassing beauty of his paintings（ ） those of his contemporaries

36、.問題1選項(xiàng)A.besmearedB.belittledC.dwarfedD.bedimmed【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。besmear “弄臟，涂抹”；belittle “輕視”；dwarf “使顯得矮??；使相形見絀”；bedim “使 模糊”。句意：他畫作的非凡的美麗使他同時(shí)代的人的那些畫相形見絀。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。7.單選題The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat for

37、ums offer rival approaches to communicationbut none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year, the h

38、uman voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs or what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer ac

39、tion.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to peoples hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear

40、, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1 pandemic was announced, the idea of “swine flu” scared many people. Informative speeches from Words Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic undercontrol so they could take sensible precautions.Sad ev

41、ents are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonnas speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, heighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.Its not only in world for

42、ums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If youre taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk （鼓舞士氣的講話） before a match

43、to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding,

44、 where you language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something were born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn

45、 from some outstanding speeches in the past.1.The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because（ ） .2.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?3.Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT（ ） .4.According to the passage, which of the

46、 following best explains the authors view on “great speaking ability”？5.What is the main idea of the passage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B.it has a big role to play in the entertainment businessC.it plays important roles in human communicationD.it is of great use in

47、everyday-life context問題2選項(xiàng)A.Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problemsB.Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemicsC.The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers speechesD.Speeches paying tribute to the dead

48、 can comfort the mourners.問題3選項(xiàng)A.to convince people in a debateB.inform people at a presentationC.to advise people at workD.to entertain people at a wedding問題4選項(xiàng)A.It comes from observing rules.B.It can be perfected with easy effortC.It can be acquired from birth.D.It comes from learning and practice

49、.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Public speaking in international forums.B.They many uses of public speakingC.Public speaking in daily life context.D.The rules of public speaking【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:C第4題:D第5題:B【解析】1.文章第二段提到演講的功能：說服、啟發(fā)、通知、致敬、娛樂等等，而這些是其他手段無法替代的，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。2.文章第八段提到這不僅僅是在世界論壇的公開演講中扮演著重要角色（Its not only in world forum

50、s where public speaking plays an important role），選項(xiàng)A “世界論壇上的演講可以為世界性問題提供有效方案”表述不正確，符合題意。3.文章第二段提到了演講詞的各種功能，比如說服或啟發(fā)，通知、致敬、娛樂等，或者只是介紹某人某事或接受某事。選項(xiàng)C “在工作中給人建議”不是演講的功能，符合題意。4.文章最后一段To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past提到為了精彩的演講，有一些規(guī)則可以很好的利用，必須學(xué)習(xí)并且練

51、習(xí)以前的演講。選項(xiàng)D符合題意，“精彩的演講來源于練習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí)”5.文章開頭提及推特、博客、郵件這些交流方式，但是這些都無法取代演講這個(gè)話題（Now twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication but none can replace the role of a great speech）。接著介紹了演講的作用，比如說服或啟發(fā)、通知、致敬、娛樂等。最后提到演說能力不是天生的，而是需要通過不斷學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)才得到的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。8.單選題There

52、will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future”, the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, theres plenty of incentive to dit

53、ch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, delivery trucksisnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still

54、 dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate is print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, b

55、ut only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them.” he said, “but if you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the exa

56、mple of Netflix discontinuing its DVD mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldnt pick a year to end print,” he said, “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy pr

57、oduct.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and theyd like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in, “So if youre overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping.” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each ye

58、ar and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if youre going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a yearmore than twice a

59、s much as a digitalonly subscription.“Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesnt have a legacy business.” Peretti remarked. “But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make sense when the market changes and the world chang

60、es. In those situation, its better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”1.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to （ ）.2.Pertti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should （ ）.3.It can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “l(fā)egacy prod