2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號21

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題The police admitted_a mistake in arresting an innocent man問題1選項A.to makeB.to have madeC.to having madeD.to making【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。admit to doing sth.表示“承認作某事”，為固定搭配?！胺稿e”這個動詞發(fā)生在“承錯誤”這個動作之前，根據(jù)admitted（admit的過去式）可知空格處應為

2、過去完成時，因此選C。句意：警方承認在逮捕一名無辜男子時犯了錯誤。2.單選題Her parents wanted to change her mind so they tried to_her to their way of thinking.問題1選項A.convertB.alterC.transferD.convey【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項convert“(使)轉(zhuǎn)變，改變”，指改變形式、特性、信仰、觀點等；B選項alter“改變，更改”指部分更改，仍保留本質(zhì)和總體結(jié)構(gòu)；C選項transfer“(使)轉(zhuǎn)移，搬遷，(使)調(diào)動”；D選項convey“表達，傳遞(思想、感情等)”。根

3、據(jù)指their way of thinking可知選A。句意：她的父母想改變她的想法，所以他們試圖讓她轉(zhuǎn)變到他們的思維方式。3.單選題It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many. A case _ is the successful launching of space shuttle.問題1選項A.in pointB.in questionC.in a wayD.in brier【答案】A【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項in point相關(guān)的，恰當?shù)?；B選項in questio

4、n討論中的，有問題的；C選項in a way從某種程度上，有點兒；D選項in brief簡言之。因此，根據(jù)句意可知，正是電腦的發(fā)明才使得人們在過去的幾年中創(chuàng)造了這么多的奇跡，一個恰當?shù)睦泳褪呛教祜w機的成功發(fā)射。故A項是正確答案。4.單選題African students have mounted strong protests over the measure, claiming that they are being against.問題1選項A.displacedB.discriminatedC.resentedD.disturbed【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項displa

5、ced v.取代，替換；B選項discriminated v.歧視，辨別，區(qū)別；C選項resented v.怨恨，厭惡；D選項disturbed v.擾亂，干擾。根據(jù)句意可知非洲學生們已經(jīng)針對實施方案確立了反抗提案，聲稱他們遭受了種族歧視。因此，正確答案為B項。5.單選題The dog has （） its affection to its new master in Chinas industries.問題1選項A.transferredB.transformedC.transportedD.transmitted【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項transferred v.轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)

6、讓，調(diào)動；B選項transformed v.轉(zhuǎn)化，變換；C選項 transported v.運輸，搬運；D選項transmitted v.傳輸，傳送，遺傳。根據(jù)動詞賓語its affection可知，A項符合語義和搭配。因此，A項為正確選項。句意：小狗己經(jīng)將自己的情感轉(zhuǎn)移給了它的新主人。6.單選題His assertion angered me.問題1選項A.statementB.questionC.successD.mistake【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中assertion表示“主張；聲稱”；A選項statement n.聲明；陳述；B選項problem n.問題；C選項su

7、ccess n.成功；D選項mistake n.錯誤。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正確答案是A項。7.翻譯題Translate the following passage into English.“孩子是上天送給成人的天使；寵物是成人送給孩子的天使?！睂櫸锟梢猿蔀楹⒆雍芎玫幕锇椋核麄兣c孩子玩耍，同時也與孩子進行著感情的交流。孩子可以對他們傾訴自己的心事，因為他們是最好的傾訴者；孩子受到父母的訓斥或別人的嘲笑時，這些默默無聞的聽者可以帶給他們關(guān)懷和安慰；孩子生病時，寵物可以陪伴他們，給他們撫慰和鼓勵幫助他們勇于面對困難，自強不息?！敬鸢浮緾hildren are the angels

8、of adults given by god; pets are the angels of children given by adults. Pets can be childrens good friends. They play with children, as well as exchange emotional feelings with them at the same time. Children can tell their own worries to pets for they are the best audient. When children are rebuke

9、d by parents or laughed at by others, these silent listeners can bring them care and comfort. Pets can keep children company when they are ill, giving them comfort and encouraging them to face difficulties and constantly striving to become stronger.8.單選題The_of the word is unknown, but it is certainl

10、y not from Greek.問題1選項A.originB.generationC.decentD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查名詞。A選項origin“起源，來源”，指事物開始出現(xiàn)的始點或其來源與出處；B選項generation“一代，產(chǎn)生”；C選項decent“正派的，得體的”，為形容詞；D選項cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：這個詞的起源是未知的，但肯定不是來自希臘語。9.單選題The education gapEducation is the passport to modem life, and a pre-condition of national p

11、rosperity. But more than a quarter of the worlds adults 900 million read or write, and more than 100 million young children are deprived of even a primary school education. In most developing countries, after decades of educational expansion, spending on learning is falling. The illiterate are virtu

12、ally helpless in a world ruled by the written word, where notices and official papers can seem a mass of meaningless hieroglyphics. People who cannot decipher them are at the mercy of those who can; many, as a result, have been cheated of their rights or their land.Studies show that people with even

13、 a basic education are healthier and eat better. They are more likely to plan their families and-their children are more likely to survive. According to the World Bank, just four years of primary education enables farmers to increase productivity by ten per cent, often the difference between hunger

14、and sufficiency. National economic returns from education outstrip those from most other forms of investment.Enrolment: rise and fallAs they became independent, most developing countries enthusiastically embraced education. Two decades of astonishing expansion followed. Between 1960and 1981, the wor

15、lds thirty-two poorest countries (excluding India and China, which have long had good records) increased the proportion of their children enrolled in primary school from thirty-eight to seventy-two percent. The thirty-eight next poorest achieved almost universal primary school enrollment by 1980, up

16、 from about two-thirds in 1960. It seemed as if it would not be long before every child alive could be sure of going to school.By the end of the 1980sthat dream had turned to bitter disillusion. The decade brought economic disaster to developing countries. They slumped when rich nations went into re

17、cession at the beginning of the 1980s, the subsequent recovery passed them by and they were hit again by the renewed recession in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The educational expansion of the late 1960s and 1970s first halted then went into reverse. By 1989, enrollment rates had dropped in one ou

18、t every five developing countries. In some African countries, the number of children in primary schools declined by a third between 1980 and 1985. Tanzanias universal primary school enrollment fell dramatically during this period. Unescos Director-General, Federico Mayor, warns that this threatens t

19、o set back the countries of the South by a whole generation or even more.Declining expenditureThe proportion of national expenditure going to education declined in more than half of developing countries over the 1980s. In the worlds thirty-seven poorest countries, the average expenditure per head on

20、 education dropped by a quarter. In Africa as a whole, says the World Bank, only $0.60 a year is spent on educational materials for each student, whilst it estimates minimum requirements at $5.00.Illiteracy and the poorIn industrialized countries, absolute illiteracy was largely eradicated half a ce

21、ntury ago; they two per cent of the worlds illiterate. Functional illiteracy, however, remains: in Canada, the literacy of a quarter of all adults is seriously inadequate; in the United States, estimates range from five to twenty-five percent; in France, the total numbers range from two to eight mil

22、lion people, depending on the study. Most are among the poorest members of their societies.Generally speaking, the poorer a country, the higher the number of illiterate; two-thirds of adults in the very poorest countries cannot read or write. Furthermore, the poorest individuals suffer most. The poo

23、rer a childs family, the less likely he (or, particularly, she) is to start school and the more likely it is that those who do start will drop out.The disadvantaged countrysideMore people in the Third World live in the countryside, where schools and teachers are always scarcer. But even in the citie

24、s, the poor miss out. In Calcutta, over sixty per cent of children do not attend school because they have to work to help keep the family going, or look after younger siblings to enable their mothers to work. Two-thirds of the worlds illiterate are women. Yet womens education is particularly importa

25、nt. The World Bank identifies it as perhaps the single most important determinant of family health and nutrition, and its research shows that infant mortality rates fall steadily, and dramatically, for every year women spend at school. But tradition, prejudices and the burden of work to be done at h

26、ome ensure that daughters are pulled out of school first. In the first grade of Kampalas primary schools the sexes are evenly balanced; by the seventh grade, there are more than twice as many boys as girls.Primary education: the productive dollarEvery dollar invested in primary school education, acc

27、ording to another World Bank study, is fifty per cent more productive than one invested in secondary schooling, and gives twice as much spent on universities-Yet, throughout the Third World, these spending priorities are reversed.A few countries have started to change their priorities, emphasizing p

28、rimary education. Zimbabwe doubled its number of primary schools in its first five years of independence; the proportion of its budget spent on education is the fifth highest in the world, and the curriculum has been re-oriented to meet local needs. Bangladesh has opened more than 2,500 basic villag

29、e primary schools with appropriate syllabuses since 1985, at an annual cost of just $15.00 per pupil. Only 1.5 per cent of the children drop out compared to sixty per cent of their peers in the ordinary primary schools. Moreover, ninety-five per cent of pupils, the majority girls, continue their edu

30、cation after leaving.Nonetheless, all these countries are under harsh economic pressure. There is little hope for the children of the Third World countries, even if their governments do change their priorities, unless their countries are enabled to develop.1. What do you think is the main purpose of

31、 the passage?2. Illiteracy has been almost completely（）3. Girls very often fail to complete their schooling because（）.4. Spending on tertiary education is（）.5. Primary education has been given more importance（）.問題1選項A.to promote the development of primary educationB.to promote the development of ter

32、tiary educationC.to illustrate the need for development in generalD.to highlight the problems of rural areas問題2選項A.from the developing worldB.except in the USA, Canada and FranceC.in absolute terms in industrialized countriesD.In functional terms in industrialized countries問題3選項A.they have to go out

33、 to workB.there are twice as many boys as girlsC.of tradition and prejudiceD.of family h問題4選項A.twice as productive as spending on secondary educationB.only half as productive than spending on secondary schoolingC.fifty percent less productive than spending on secondary schoolingD.twenty-five percent

34、 less productive than spending on primary schooling問題5選項A.in CalcuttaB.in some parts of Africa and AsiaC.in the last five yearsD.by reorienting the curriculum【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:D第5題:B【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章以教育問題和世界各國的教育差距引出話題，論述了基礎(chǔ)教育的重要性，并將基礎(chǔ)教育與其他教育階段進行對比。文章列舉說明了基礎(chǔ)教育的重要性，強調(diào)落后國家應該對基礎(chǔ)教育予以重視。因此，本題選擇A項更為合適。2

35、.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第六段In industrialized countries, absolute illiteracy was largely eradicated half a century ago; they obtain only two per cent of the worlds illiterate. Functional illiteracy，however, remains in Canada.可知，在工業(yè)化國家，半個世紀前基本掃除了文盲；他們只占世界文盲人口的百分之二。然而，“功能性文盲”在加拿大仍然存在。說明即使是在加拿大這樣的發(fā)達國家，文盲也是存在的。因此，D項“

36、In functional terms in industrialized countries”是正確答案。3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文Buttradition, prejudices and the burden of work to be done at home ensure that daughters are pulled out of school first.可知，由于傳統(tǒng)和偏見等原因，女孩子不能享受教育資源，繼續(xù)學業(yè)。因此，本題正確答案為C項。4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文Every dollar invested in primary school education, accordi

37、ng to another World Bank study, is fifty per cent more productive than one invested in secondary schoolingand gives twice as much spent on universities.可知，世界銀行的另一項研究表明，投入小學教育的每一美元，其生產(chǎn)率比投入中學教育的每一美元高出50%，是大學高等教育的兩倍。所以對初等教育的投資更有利于掃除文盲。因此，D項表述符合原文內(nèi)容。故正確答案為D項。5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段Zimbabwedoubled its number o

38、f primary schools; Bangladesh has opened more than 2,500 basic village primary schools可知，津巴布韋的小學數(shù)量翻了一番，而孟加拉國已經(jīng)開設(shè)了2500多所鄉(xiāng)村小學。由此可知，非洲的津巴布韋和亞洲的孟加拉國都加大了對于基礎(chǔ)教育的投資力度。因此，本題正確答案為B項。10.單選題The lawyer promised to go to great to defend him.問題1選項A.lengthsB.measuresC.effortsD.endeavors【答案】A【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項lengths n

39、.長度（指距離，時間）；B選項measures n.方法，對策；C選項efforts n.努力；D選項endeavor n.努力，盡力。go to great lengths 表示“竭盡全力；不遺余力”，因此，正確答案是A項。句意：律師向他保證會竭盡全力為他辯護。11.單選題I understand preparation that staff must put in under pressure oto meet the deadline.問題1選項A.more than the enormous amount ofB.better than most the enormous number

40、 ofC.better than most the enormous amount ofD.fewer than the number of【答案】C【解析】考查常用表達。understand better than表示“對非常理解”。A選項more than the enormous amount of 比大多數(shù)多；B選項better than most the enormous number of 比大多數(shù)好，后接可數(shù)名詞；C選項better than most the enormous amount of比大多數(shù)好，后接不可數(shù)名詞；D選項fewer than the number of

41、比數(shù)量少；其中，preparation是不可數(shù)名詞，故本題正確答案為C項。12.單選題His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in_to his income.問題1選項A.comparisonB.proportionC.associationD.calculation【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in proportion to表示“與成比例，與相稱”。句意：他在假日和奢侈品上的開銷占他收入相當大的比例。13.單選題_him tomorrow?問題1選項A.Why not to call onB.Why dont ca

42、ll onC.Why not calling onD.Why not call on【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。why not后面加動詞原形，構(gòu)成Why not do sth.? （為何不呢？）；why do not 后面先加主語，再加動詞原形，構(gòu)成Why do not sb. do sth.? （某人為什么不做某事呢？）句意：為什么不明天去拜訪他？14.單選題I feel obligated to give my opinion on the subject.問題1選項A.requiredB.forbiddenC.determinedD.encouraged【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞

43、義辨析。A選項required adj.必需的，必須的；B選項forbidden adj.不被允許的，被禁止的；C選項determined adj.堅決的，決定的；D選項encouraged adj.慫恿的，受到鼓舞的。句意：我認為我必須對這個話題發(fā)表自己的觀點。根據(jù)句意可知A選項正確。15.單選題John said that he didnt quite_and asked me to repeat what I had said.問題1選項A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項snatch up“奪取，猛

44、然抓住”；B選項summon up“鼓起（勇氣），使出（力氣），喚起”；C選項catch on“理解，明白，變得流行”；D選項watch out“當心，注意”。根據(jù)asked me to repeat what I had said可推測前面指他沒聽明白我說的話，因此選C。句意：John說他沒有太明白，要我重復我下我所說的話。16.單選題Sometimes the tension produced by fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such times we need to_the tension by laughing o

45、r crying.問題1選項A.discardB.disperseC.disguiseD.discharge【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項discard v.拋棄，丟棄；B選項disperse v.分散，使散開，傳播；C選項disguise v.掩飾，假裝；D選項discharge v.排放，釋放，卸貨。根據(jù)句意可知，有時恐懼造成的緊張，我們無法自行克制，這時就需要哭泣或者怒吼來釋放壓力。因此，正確答案為D。17.單選題Robert says he bought these books in a .問題1選項A.disposalB.bargainC.reductionD.sale【

46、答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項disposal n.處理，支配；B選項bargain n.交易，便宜貨，契約；C選項reduction n.減少，下降；D選項sale n.銷售，出售，拍賣，廉價出售。根據(jù)句意可知，Robert說這些書都是打折時候買的。因此，D項是正確答案。18.單選題Singer and entertainer,（）for his beautiful and expressive voice.問題1選項A.was Frank Sinatra famousB.famous was Frank SinatraC.Frank Sinatra was famousD.was

47、 famous Frank Sinatra【答案】C【解析】考查同位語。句意：法蘭克辛納屈，一個歌手及演員，他因美妙且富有表現(xiàn)力的聲音而聞名。在句子中singer and entertainer是對Frank Sinatra的同位語解釋。根據(jù)短語結(jié)構(gòu)be famous for表示“因而聞名”可知，本題正確答案為C項。19.單選題Although, some students graduate from high school, they are virtually illiterate_writing a business letter.問題1選項A.in the event ofB.in t

48、he light ofC.in case ofD.in terms of【答案】D【解析】短語搭配題。A選項in the event of萬一發(fā)生；B選項in the light of根據(jù)，按照；C選項in case of 萬一，如果發(fā)生，假設(shè)；D選項in terms of關(guān)于，在方面，就而言。根據(jù)句意可知，盡管一些學生已經(jīng)高中畢業(yè)，但他們在商務(wù)信函的寫作方面幾乎是一竅不通。因此，本題正確答案為D項。20.單選題When the Group of Seven was formed in 1920, the artists hoped for recognition of their works

49、 and ideas. In the catalog to their first exhibition, they actually invited adverse criticism-but only because what they feared most was indifference. At a time when Canada was coming into its own, they felt that a major factor in the development of a strong and healthy nation was a vital and releva

50、nt art. They hoped that their works would make a significant contribution to the evolution of a truly Canadian art tradition. Therefore, the Groups desire to paint the Canadian landscape lays the genuine conviction that it was the northern landscape that represented and expressed the countrys unique

51、 character. It was this concept that was to capture the imagination of so many Canadians.Today there is every indication that the Group has attained its goals. These artists have achieved widespread popular success and acclaim, and their works have been heralded as one of the basic symbols of Canadi

52、an culture. They have been honored with exhibitions, degrees and medals; reproductions of their works can be found one very thing from posters to postage stamps.As frequently happens with popular trends, there has been a tendency to romanticize the accomplishments of the Group, which has inevitably

53、caused many misconceptions to develop. The most common of these is the popular belief that the Seven were violently criticized in the first Group shows. However, the truth of the matter is that the reviews for these early shows were nearly all favorable.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. The

54、 author implies that the Group of Seven welcomed adverse criticism because it would（）.3. The author implies that the members-of the Group of Seven were（）.4. According to the passage, all of the following were major goals of the Group of Seven EXCEPT（）.5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a

55、way in which the Group of Seven was honored?問題1選項A.The origin of Canadian traditions.B.The seven symbols of CanadaC.Popular trends in Canadian art.D.A group of seven Canadian artists.問題2選項A.help them to improve as artists.B.mean that their work was being noticed.C.increase the market value of their

56、work.D.gain support for them as victims of unfair criticism.問題3選項A.portrait paintersB.landscape artistsC.art criticsD.art dealers問題4選項A.producing art with the intent of selling it quicklyB.having their work recognizedC.having their ideas about art acceptedD contributing to the growth of a uniquely C

57、anadian art問題5選項A.Degrees were conferred on them.B.Their work was exhibited.C.Monuments were dedicated to them.D.They were awarded medals.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:B第4題:A第5題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文主要介紹了加拿大的本土風格的藝術(shù)家團體the Group of Seven期望依靠自身努力得到認可，以及介紹他們?yōu)榧幽么蟊就廖幕髫暙I的事跡，而不是講述加拿大傳統(tǒng)的起源或是加拿大藝術(shù)的流行趨勢，因此，正確答案為D項。2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)

58、原文第一段In the catalog to their first exhibition, they actually invited adverse criticism-but only because what they feared most was indifference.可知，藝術(shù)團體并不擔心負面評論，而是擔心人們漠視他們的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。因此，B 項“意味著他們的創(chuàng)作不被關(guān)注和重視”最符合題意。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段Therefore, behind the Groups desire to paint the Canadian landscape lay the genui

59、ne conviction that it was the northern landscape that represented and expressed the countrys unique character.可知，成員們主要描繪的是Canadian landscape，所以Group of Seven成員是風景畫家。故本題正確答案為B項。4.推理判斷題。原文中講述了Group of Seven藝術(shù)家們的創(chuàng)作目的，期待人們理解和認可他們的創(chuàng)作理念，并希望他們的作品能夠促進加拿大本土藝術(shù)的繁榮發(fā)展，對本土文化有所貢獻。文中并未提及藝術(shù)家們是以快速銷售為目的而進行的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。因此，本題正

60、確答案是A項。5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段They have been honored with exhibitions, degrees and medals; reproductions of their works can be found on everything from posters to postage stamps.可知，為了進行表彰，這些藝術(shù)家的作品被展出，他們也被授予了學位（degree）和頒發(fā)了獎?wù)拢╩edal），但并沒有樹立紀念碑（monument）。因此，本題正確答案為C項。21.單選題Tourism has also been greatly_the rapi