2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號43

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題The human voice often sounds （）on the phone.問題1選項A.twistedB.irregularC.deformedD.distorted【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項twisted adj.扭曲的；B選項irregular adj.不規(guī)則的，無整齊的；C選項 deformed adj.丑陋的，畸形的；D選項distorted adj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。根據(jù)hu

2、man voice可知，D項符合搭配。句意：人聲在電話里聽起來總是有些失真。2.單選題The education gapEducation is the passport to modem life, and a pre-condition of national prosperity. But more than a quarter of the worlds adults 900 million read or write, and more than 100 million young children are deprived of even a primary school educ

3、ation. In most developing countries, after decades of educational expansion, spending on learning is falling. The illiterate are virtually helpless in a world ruled by the written word, where notices and official papers can seem a mass of meaningless hieroglyphics. People who cannot decipher them ar

4、e at the mercy of those who can; many, as a result, have been cheated of their rights or their land.Studies show that people with even a basic education are healthier and eat better. They are more likely to plan their families and-their children are more likely to survive. According to the World Ban

5、k, just four years of primary education enables farmers to increase productivity by ten per cent, often the difference between hunger and sufficiency. National economic returns from education outstrip those from most other forms of investment.Enrolment: rise and fallAs they became independent, most

6、developing countries enthusiastically embraced education. Two decades of astonishing expansion followed. Between 1960and 1981, the worlds thirty-two poorest countries (excluding India and China, which have long had good records) increased the proportion of their children enrolled in primary school f

7、rom thirty-eight to seventy-two percent. The thirty-eight next poorest achieved almost universal primary school enrollment by 1980, up from about two-thirds in 1960. It seemed as if it would not be long before every child alive could be sure of going to school.By the end of the 1980sthat dream had t

8、urned to bitter disillusion. The decade brought economic disaster to developing countries. They slumped when rich nations went into recession at the beginning of the 1980s, the subsequent recovery passed them by and they were hit again by the renewed recession in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The

9、educational expansion of the late 1960s and 1970s first halted then went into reverse. By 1989, enrollment rates had dropped in one out every five developing countries. In some African countries, the number of children in primary schools declined by a third between 1980 and 1985. Tanzanias universal

10、 primary school enrollment fell dramatically during this period. Unescos Director-General, Federico Mayor, warns that this threatens to set back the countries of the South by a whole generation or even more.Declining expenditureThe proportion of national expenditure going to education declined in mo

11、re than half of developing countries over the 1980s. In the worlds thirty-seven poorest countries, the average expenditure per head on education dropped by a quarter. In Africa as a whole, says the World Bank, only $0.60 a year is spent on educational materials for each student, whilst it estimates

12、minimum requirements at $5.00.Illiteracy and the poorIn industrialized countries, absolute illiteracy was largely eradicated half a century ago; they two per cent of the worlds illiterate. Functional illiteracy, however, remains: in Canada, the literacy of a quarter of all adults is seriously inadeq

13、uate; in the United States, estimates range from five to twenty-five percent; in France, the total numbers range from two to eight million people, depending on the study. Most are among the poorest members of their societies.Generally speaking, the poorer a country, the higher the number of illitera

14、te; two-thirds of adults in the very poorest countries cannot read or write. Furthermore, the poorest individuals suffer most. The poorer a childs family, the less likely he (or, particularly, she) is to start school and the more likely it is that those who do start will drop out.The disadvantaged c

15、ountrysideMore people in the Third World live in the countryside, where schools and teachers are always scarcer. But even in the cities, the poor miss out. In Calcutta, over sixty per cent of children do not attend school because they have to work to help keep the family going, or look after younger

16、 siblings to enable their mothers to work. Two-thirds of the worlds illiterate are women. Yet womens education is particularly important. The World Bank identifies it as perhaps the single most important determinant of family health and nutrition, and its research shows that infant mortality rates f

17、all steadily, and dramatically, for every year women spend at school. But tradition, prejudices and the burden of work to be done at home ensure that daughters are pulled out of school first. In the first grade of Kampalas primary schools the sexes are evenly balanced; by the seventh grade, there ar

18、e more than twice as many boys as girls.Primary education: the productive dollarEvery dollar invested in primary school education, according to another World Bank study, is fifty per cent more productive than one invested in secondary schooling, and gives twice as much spent on universities-Yet, thr

19、oughout the Third World, these spending priorities are reversed.A few countries have started to change their priorities, emphasizing primary education. Zimbabwe doubled its number of primary schools in its first five years of independence; the proportion of its budget spent on education is the fifth

20、 highest in the world, and the curriculum has been re-oriented to meet local needs. Bangladesh has opened more than 2,500 basic village primary schools with appropriate syllabuses since 1985, at an annual cost of just $15.00 per pupil. Only 1.5 per cent of the children drop out compared to sixty per

21、 cent of their peers in the ordinary primary schools. Moreover, ninety-five per cent of pupils, the majority girls, continue their education after leaving.Nonetheless, all these countries are under harsh economic pressure. There is little hope for the children of the Third World countries, even if t

22、heir governments do change their priorities, unless their countries are enabled to develop.1. What do you think is the main purpose of the passage?2. Illiteracy has been almost completely（）3. Girls very often fail to complete their schooling because（）.4. Spending on tertiary education is（）.5. Primar

23、y education has been given more importance（）.問題1選項A.to promote the development of primary educationB.to promote the development of tertiary educationC.to illustrate the need for development in generalD.to highlight the problems of rural areas問題2選項A.from the developing worldB.except in the USA, Canad

24、a and FranceC.in absolute terms in industrialized countriesD.In functional terms in industrialized countries問題3選項A.they have to go out to workB.there are twice as many boys as girlsC.of tradition and prejudiceD.of family h問題4選項A.twice as productive as spending on secondary educationB.only half as pr

25、oductive than spending on secondary schoolingC.fifty percent less productive than spending on secondary schoolingD.twenty-five percent less productive than spending on primary schooling問題5選項A.in CalcuttaB.in some parts of Africa and AsiaC.in the last five yearsD.by reorienting the curriculum【答案】第1題:

26、A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:D第5題:B【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章以教育問題和世界各國的教育差距引出話題，論述了基礎(chǔ)教育的重要性，并將基礎(chǔ)教育與其他教育階段進行對比。文章列舉說明了基礎(chǔ)教育的重要性，強調(diào)落后國家應(yīng)該對基礎(chǔ)教育予以重視。因此，本題選擇A項更為合適。2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第六段In industrialized countries, absolute illiteracy was largely eradicated half a century ago; they obtain only two per cent of the worlds illiterate. Func

27、tional illiteracy，however, remains in Canada.可知，在工業(yè)化國家，半個世紀前基本掃除了文盲；他們只占世界文盲人口的百分之二。然而，“功能性文盲”在加拿大仍然存在。說明即使是在加拿大這樣的發(fā)達國家，文盲也是存在的。因此，D項“In functional terms in industrialized countries”是正確答案。3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文Buttradition, prejudices and the burden of work to be done at home ensure that daughters are pulled

28、out of school first.可知，由于傳統(tǒng)和偏見等原因，女孩子不能享受教育資源，繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。因此，本題正確答案為C項。4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文Every dollar invested in primary school education, according to another World Bank study, is fifty per cent more productive than one invested in secondary schoolingand gives twice as much spent on universities.可知，世界銀行的另一項研究表

29、明，投入小學(xué)教育的每一美元，其生產(chǎn)率比投入中學(xué)教育的每一美元高出50%，是大學(xué)高等教育的兩倍。所以對初等教育的投資更有利于掃除文盲。因此，D項表述符合原文內(nèi)容。故正確答案為D項。5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段Zimbabwedoubled its number of primary schools; Bangladesh has opened more than 2,500 basic village primary schools可知，津巴布韋的小學(xué)數(shù)量翻了一番，而孟加拉國已經(jīng)開設(shè)了2500多所鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)。由此可知，非洲的津巴布韋和亞洲的孟加拉國都加大了對于基礎(chǔ)教育的投資力度。因此，本題正

30、確答案為B項。3.翻譯題Translate the following passage into English.北京奧組委(The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad)官方網(wǎng)站訊：2007年6月23日，在八達嶺長城舉辦的“第四屆2008北京奧林匹克文化節(jié)” 開幕式上，所有觀眾的目光都被長城上的新標識所吸引一一在綠樹環(huán)繞下，一個令所有中國人興奮的口號映襯著的長城遒勁而古老的線體。這就是一座長67米，高18米的“同一個世界同一個夢想(One World One Dream)”北京奧運會會徽(Emblem)

31、和北京奧運會主題口號大型景觀建筑。在今后的兩年多的時間里，每當(dāng)人們抬頭仰望長城巍峨的身姿就會知道，奧運和中國有著怎樣的無法割舍的淵源?！敬鸢浮縏he Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad Official Website News: At the opening ceremony of the Fourth 2008 Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival, held on the Badaling Great Wall on June 23, 2007, all audien

32、ces are attracted to the new logo on the Great Wall. Surrounded by green trees, this logo shows powerful and antique line of the Great Wall with an exciting slogan to all Chinese people. That is a large landscape architecture, 67 meters length and 18 meters high, of Beijing Olympic Games emblem engr

33、aving characters with “One World One Dream” and Beijing Olympic Games theme slogan. Over the next more than two years, people will learn about the deep and close relationship between Olympic Games and China whenever they look up at towering figure of the Great Wall.4.單選題There are many good bakeries

34、in Milltown; in fact, the baking industry is（）.問題1選項A.adhesiveB.flourishingC.incidentalD.accommodating【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。通過There are many good bakeries in Milltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以這里的烘焙產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展不錯。A選項為“可黏的”；B選項為“繁榮的；盛行的”；C選項為“附屬的；偶然的；伴隨發(fā)生的”；D選項為“樂于助人的；可通融的；隨和的”。因此，B選項更符合題意。5.單選題I cant wait to hear ab

35、out your English class問題1選項A.am eager toB.am late toC.am indifferentD.am happy to【答案】A【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。題目中cant wait to do sth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A選項為“渴望去做某事”；B選項為“遲到”; C選項為“對漠不關(guān)心”；D選項為“開心做某事”。由題意可知，我已經(jīng)迫不及待要聽你的英語課了。因此，正確答案是A項。6.單選題The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and

36、their ethnic identity. Early immigrants to America from Europe brought with them a collective style of living, which they retained until late in the 18th century. Historical records document a group-oriented existence, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping. People

37、ate soups from a communal pot, shared drinking cups, and used a common pit toilet. With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates; the eating of meals that included meat, bread, and vegetables served on separate plates; and the

38、use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms.In Mexico, the meaning and organization of domestic space is strikingly different. Houses ar

39、e organized around a patio, or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of domestic activities take place. Individuals do not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters share a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are

40、 locations for multiple activities that, in contrast, are rigidly separated in the United States.1. Changes in living styles among early immigrants were initially brought about by_.2. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?問題1選項A.rising living standardsB.new conceptsC.new customsD.ne

41、w designs of houses問題2選項A.Their concepts of domestic spaceB.Their social relationships.C.The functions of their rooms.D.The layout of their houses.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A【解析】1.考查細節(jié)事實題。由文章一段中的With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates

42、（隨著個人主義思想的發(fā)展，人們很快開始轉(zhuǎn)向使用單獨的杯子和盤子）可知“個人主義思想”是一種新的觀念，改變了人們的生活方式，因此選B。2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段中的The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity.（人們使用社會空間的方式反映了他們的社會關(guān)系和民族認同）與B選項對應(yīng)，in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping（其中一個房間用來

43、吃飯、招待客人和睡覺）與C選項對應(yīng)，They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms（他們開始建造自己的房子，有單獨的房間來招待客、睡覺和工作廚房、洗衣房和浴室）與D選項對應(yīng)。通過排除法排除B、C、D選項，因此選A。7.單選題His friendliness and helpful

44、ness are（）that make everyone likes him.問題1選項A.principledB.attributesC.functionsD.regimens【答案】C【解析】句意：他的友好和樂于助人是很起作用的，大家都喜歡他。A選項為“有原則的，有操守的”；B選項為“歸因，屬性”；C選項為“起作用”；D選項為“養(yǎng)生法養(yǎng)生之道”。根據(jù)原句語義邏輯可知，C項與friendliness 和helpfulness搭配更恰當(dāng)，更符合句意。8.單選題Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman life forms on our pl

45、anet.問題1選項A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項hindrance n.障礙，妨礙；B misfortune n.不幸，災(zāi)禍，災(zāi)難；C選項 catastrophe n.大災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍；D選項threaten.威脅，恐嚇。句意：人口的增長是對地球上非人類生物生存的威脅。根據(jù)句意可知D項正確。9.單選題Since British settlers first occupied this country. English has been the language in the United Stat

46、es.問題1選項A.practicableB.prevalentC.predominantD.popular【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項practicable adj.可用的，可行得通的；B選項prevalent adj.流行的，普遍的；C選項predominant adj.主要的，卓越的，有支配力的；D選項popular adj.流行的，通俗的。根據(jù)句意可知，自從英國殖民者第一次占領(lǐng)這個國家開始，英語就成為了美國的主流語言。因此，正確答案為C項。10.單選題It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been

47、 able to work so many. A case _ is the successful launching of space shuttle.問題1選項A.in pointB.in questionC.in a wayD.in brier【答案】A【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項in point相關(guān)的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?；B選項in question討論中的，有問題的；C選項in a way從某種程度上，有點兒；D選項in brief簡言之。因此，根據(jù)句意可知，正是電腦的發(fā)明才使得人們在過去的幾年中創(chuàng)造了這么多的奇跡，一個恰當(dāng)?shù)睦泳褪呛教祜w機的成功發(fā)射。故A項是正確答案。11.單選題After

48、several nuclear disasters, a_has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.問題1選項A.quarrelB.suspicionC.verdictD.controversy【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項quarrel“爭吵，吵架”，強調(diào)以發(fā)生口角和吵架等形式引起的爭論；B選項suspicion“懷疑，嫌疑”；C選項verdict“裁定，裁決”；D選項controversy“(公開的)爭論，辯論”，指對引起廣泛興趣或非常重要的問題的辨論。根據(jù)the safety of nuclear energy可知核能安全是一個重要的

49、話題，因此選D。句意：在幾次核災(zāi)難之后，激起了一場關(guān)于核能安全的爭論。12.單選題For many patients, institutional care is the most_and beneficial form of care.問題1選項A.pertinentB.appropriateC.acuteD.persistent【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項pertinent“（說話，話題等）切題的，（意見，建議等）相關(guān)的”；B選項appropriate“恰當(dāng)?shù)?，適當(dāng)?shù)摹?；C選項acute“十分嚴重的，(疾病)急性的，靈敏的”；D選項persistent“持久的，持續(xù)的”。句意：

50、對許多病人來說，機構(gòu)護理是最適當(dāng)和最有益的護理形式。13.單選題I can never touch lobster because Im（）to shellfish.e問題1選項A.sensitiveB.allergicC.infectedD.sensibl【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項sensitive adj.敏感的，易受傷害的；B選項allergic adj.對過敏的；C選項infected adj.被感染的；D選項sensible adj.明智的，明顯的，通情達理的。句意：我不能接觸龍蝦，因為我對殼類動物過敏。根據(jù)句意，本題選擇B項正確。14.單選題We should a

51、lways keep in mind that（）decisions often lead to bitter regrets.問題1選項A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項urgent adj.緊急的，急迫的；B選項hasty adj.輕率的，草率的，匆忙的；C選項 instant adj.立即的，緊迫的；D選項prompt adj.敏捷的，迅速的。句意：我們必須謹記倉促的決定常常會導(dǎo)致痛苦的悔恨。因此本題選擇B項。15.單選題Superconductors lose electrical resistance only

52、_subjected to intense cold.問題1選項A.throughB.whenC.asD.by【答案】B【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。在表示時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步等從句中，當(dāng)從句中的主語和主句的主語相同，謂語含有動詞be時，從句中的主語和謂語可以省略。從句可以還原為when superconductors are subjected to intense cold，因此選D。句意：超導(dǎo)體只有在嚴寒下才會失去電阻。16.單選題To major in astrophysics you need an extra math course.問題1選項A.To get higher

53、grades in astrophysics.B.To finish your astrophysics paper.C.To specialize in astrophysics.D.To better understand the astrophysics course.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。題目中major in表示“主修；專攻”，A選項為“在天體物理學(xué)上取得更高的成就”；B選項為“完成你的天體物理學(xué)論文”；C選項為“以天體物理學(xué)為專業(yè)；專攻天體物理學(xué)”；D選項為“更好地了解天體物理學(xué)課程”。句意：要主修天體物理學(xué)，你就得再選擇一個數(shù)學(xué)課。因此，正確答案是C項。17.單

54、選題The kings daughter threatened to drink the chemical if he refused her request.問題1選項A.deadlyB.deathlyC.fatalD.mortal【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：國王的女兒威脅國王說，如果不同意她的要求，就喝下毒藥。A選項deadly adj.致命地，非常地，表示致死的可能性極大，用于能引起死亡的事物，如：a deadly disease是通常會致死的疾病。B選項deathly adj.死一般的，讓人想到死亡的，如：a deathly silence死一般的寂靜。fatal強調(diào)命

55、運或必然性，用來形容導(dǎo)致毀滅，災(zāi)難，死亡的潛在或?qū)嶋H原因。在預(yù)測未來時，多用fatal。而mortal 是死亡已經(jīng)發(fā)生或一定會發(fā)生，因此該詞只用于事實上已經(jīng)引起死亡或即將引起死亡的事物。此處是表示“致命的東西”，因此，A項是正確答案。18.單選題Its an awful that your wife couldnt come. I was looking forward to meeting her.問題1選項A.harmB.sorrowC.shameD.shock【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項harm n.傷害，損害；B選項sorrow n.悲傷，懊悔，傷心事；C選項shame

56、n.憾事，羞恥；D選項shock n.震驚，打擊。根據(jù)句意可知講話人一直希望見到對方妻子，所以非常遺憾她沒能來，it is a shame 表示“太遺憾了”。因此，C項是正確答案。19.單選題There is no doubt_the company has made the right decision on the sales project.問題1選項A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.when【答案】B【解析】考查同位語從句。doubt后面的that為同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾doubt。doubt引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中，用否定式時后面的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。相反如果doubt引導(dǎo)肯

57、定意義的主從復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)詞要用whether。句意：毫無疑問，公司對銷售項目的決定是正確的。20.單選題The show culminated in the presentation of the dairy princess crown.問題1選項A.beganB.includedC.endedD.cultivated【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。題目中culminate表示“使結(jié)束，達到極點，達到高潮”；A選項為“開始”；B選項為“包括，包含”；C選項為“結(jié)束；終止”；D選項為“培養(yǎng)；栽培”。根據(jù)句意可知，表演因乳品公主皇冠的介紹而達到高潮，因此C項為正確答案。21.單選題They

58、 have always regarded a man of_and fairness as a reliable friend.問題1選項A.robustnessB.temperamentC.integrityD.compactness【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項robustness“結(jié)實，健壯”；B選項temperament“性情，氣質(zhì)”；C選項integrity“誠實，正直”；D選項compactness“緊密，簡潔”。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知空格處與fairness（公正）的意思接近，因此選C。句意：他們一直把正直和公正的人視為可靠的朋友。22.單選題But for his h

59、elp, I（）.問題1選項A.did not succeedB.had not succeededC.should not have succeededD.have not succeeded【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語氣。But for表示“要不是”，引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬語氣。A選項did not succeed過去時；B選項had not succeeded過去完成時；C選項 should not have succeeded表示“原本不應(yīng)該成功的，但卻成功了”，表示虛擬語氣；D選項have not succeeded現(xiàn)在完成時，因此C項為正確選項。23.單選題One of the attrac

60、tive features of the training was the way the practical work had been_ into the learning process.問題1選項A.adjustedB.alternatedC.incorporatedD.combined【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項adjust“適應(yīng)，調(diào)整”；B選項alternate“交替，輪流”；C選項incorporate“將包括在內(nèi)，包含，吸收”；D選項combine“使結(jié)合”。根據(jù)practical work與into the learning process可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句