2020高考英語新課標地區(qū)專用版大二輪講義：專題一+語法填空+第一部分+Word版含解析

1、高中英語講義高中英語講義好好努力夢想終會實現(xiàn)好好努力夢想終會實現(xiàn) 第一部分題型解讀考向一 有提示詞一、提示詞為動詞動詞在7個提示詞中所占的比重最大，一般 4個；以考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞以及詞形轉(zhuǎn)換為主。.謂語和非謂語的判斷根據(jù)英語的句法結構，如果一個句子中要出現(xiàn)多個動作，構成的句式有以下三種:典例 1 Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 62 (call) caffeinism.(2018月O1)called空格前出現(xiàn)了謂語動詞，且后面沒有連詞出現(xiàn)，故此處用非謂語；句中 problem和動詞call之間是被動關系，指這種問題被

2、叫作caffeinism。此處用過去分詞表被動，作 problem的定語。故填called 0 典例 2 I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years.(2019 全國 n )have made由第二個連詞and可知，此處為兩個并列句。故空處應填謂語動詞，根據(jù)時間狀語over the years可知，空處應用現(xiàn)在完成時，故答案為have made。.謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)判斷所填空處為謂語動詞之后，根據(jù)以下三個步驟做題：典例 3 In recent years some

3、 Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.(2019 全國 I ) have reported根據(jù)上下文語境，尤其是時間狀語In recent years可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故填 have reported o 典例 4One study in America found that students grades 62 (improve) a

4、 little after theschool introduced uniforms.(2019 月浙江)6improved 考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。分析句子結構可知，此處that引導賓語從句，而從句中缺少謂語動詞，同時根據(jù)主句謂語動詞found和時間狀語從句中的introduced可知，此處也應用一般過去時，故填 improvedo 典例 5 On the last day of our week-long stay , we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under

5、the stars,70.listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019 全國 m )were invited 由“On the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時。 根據(jù) 句意知我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會，所以用被動語態(tài)。主語為we,故填were invited。.非謂語動詞典例 6On our way to the house , it was raining 61.so hard that we couldn t help wonderinghow long

6、it would take 62 (get) there.(2019 全國 IH )to get 此處考查 “It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”這一句型結構，表示“某人花費多長時間做某事”。典例 7 When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed , we thought it was 69.a joke.(2019 全國 n )saying call與say是主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語，解釋名詞 call的內(nèi)容。二、提示詞為名詞一般考查名詞單復數(shù)；有時也考名詞變動詞和名詞變形容詞。所

7、以平時要注意結合構詞法進行積累。典例 8 We are so proud of her.It s 70 (wonder). (2019 全國 n )wonderful根據(jù)句子結構可知，在系動詞 is之后用形容詞形式作表語，故填 wonderful。典例 9No matter what you like to do , there is a way to get involved in various 6 (activity)on Earth Day.(2019 北京)activities根據(jù)設空前的修飾詞various可知，此處要用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填 activities o 三、提示詞為形

8、容詞或副詞典例 10 It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 （poor） studied.（2019 全國 I-）poorly根據(jù)句意和結構分析可知，此處應用副詞 poorly修飾謂語動詞studied,意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。典例 11 Scientists have responded by 67.noting that hungry bears may be congregating（ 聚集） around human

9、settlements, leading to the illusion（錯覺）that populations are 68 （high） than they actually are.（2019 全國 I ）-higher 根據(jù)其后than they actually are可知，此處為形容詞的比較級，故填 higher。 四、提示詞為代詞一般考查人稱代詞變?yōu)槲镏鞔~，主格變?yōu)橘e格，有時也考查人稱代詞變?yōu)榉瓷泶~。典例 12 Nervously 2.facing challenges , I know I will whisper to 3 （I） the two simple words

10、 “Be yourself” . （2019 北京）myself 本句的主語是I,當賓語與主語是同一人稱時，賓語要用反身代詞。故填 myself。 典例 13 When the gorillas and I frightened each other , I was just glad to find 68 （they） alive.（2018 全國 m）them 此處作find的賓語，所以用賓格them?？枷蚨o提示詞一、填冠詞空格后有可數(shù)名詞，或者有序數(shù)詞、最高級等形式，一般是填冠詞。典例 1 Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulati

11、ons, three are declining , six70.are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.（2019 全國 I ） the考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為 “在已知的19個北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。典例 2 When we got a call 68.saying she was short-listed , we thought it was 69 joke.（2019 全國 n ）a考查冠詞用法。根據(jù)句意“我們還以為這是一個玩笑 ”可知，此處joke為泛指，故填a。 二、填介詞介詞位于名詞、名詞詞組、

12、代詞或動名詞前；動詞后面的固定搭配，需要強化記憶。典例 3 We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs, seven to be exact.（2019 全國 m）of 考查介詞。固定短語 a pack of意為一群。故填of。典例 4 First celebrated 51970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countriesand regions（地區(qū)）.（2019 北京）in表示“在（某年、某月等）”要用介詞in。故填in。三、填連詞.填并列連詞：高頻考點

13、為and, but, or或so,構成并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果關系。特別注意although/though不與but連用。because不能與so連用。.填從句引導詞：當空格后為句子，而此句子又不與前面或后面的句子并列時，一般是填從句引導詞。定語從句要注意分析句子整體結構和從句缺少的成分；名詞性從句要結合句意 和缺少的成分；狀語從句注意主從句的邏輯關系。典例 5 While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic , and as far south as

14、James Bay in Canada.（2019全國 I ）that考查同位語從句。根據(jù)句子結構分析可知，主句為 there be句型，且結構完整，空格后為同位語從句，解釋說明中心詞 evidence的內(nèi)容，故填that。典例 6 I work not because I have to ,67 because I want to.（2019 全國 n ）but考查連詞。此處用 but與前文not呼應，構成“不是而是”之意，故填but。四、填代詞當句子缺主語或賓語時，填代詞：人稱代詞主格和賓格、指示代詞或it。因為充當主語或賓語的應該是名詞或代詞，而在語法填空的純空格中一般是不要求填名詞的，

15、所以只要句子缺 主語或賓語，就填代詞。此時，要根據(jù)前后語境，看該空格是指人還是指物，指男還是指女， 是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。除人稱代詞外，也可能填不定代詞等。典例 7 If you are time poor , you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as othersports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.(2018 全國 I )it/running此處號召我們嘗試一下跑步，因此可以填名詞 running ,也可以用it指代。故填it 或 running。典例 8M

16、any westerners 57.that/who come to China cook much less than in their own countriesonce they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.(2018 浙江)it 分析句子結構可知，不定式 to eat out是真正的主語，it是形式主語。故填it。I .語法填空一一有提示詞專練(2018全國I改編)According to a review of 1. (evident) in a medical journal,2. (run) live three years 3.

17、(long) than non-runners.You don t have to run fast or for long 4. (see) the benefit.You may drink , smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 5. (die) early by running.While running 6. (regular) can t make you live forever , the review says it 7.(be) more effective at 8.(length) life than w

18、alking , cycling or swimming.Two of the 9. (author) of the review also made a study 10. (publish) in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running 11. (reduce) the risk of heart disease and early 12.(die) from all 13.(cause).The 14(good) exercise of all is one that you enjoy and will

19、do.But otherwise.it s 15.(probable) running.To avoid knee pain , you can run on soft surfaces , do exercises to 16(strength) your leg muscles, avoid 17(climb) hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap, easy and it s always 18.(energy). If you are time poor , you need run for only half the ti

20、me to get the same benefits as other 19. (form) of sports , so perhaps running should 20.(give) a try.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了跑步的好處，它可以幫助人們延年益壽。即使你的時間不寬裕，每天跑步十分鐘也能達到延長壽命的效果。.答案 evidence解析 考查形容詞變名詞。介詞 of后缺少賓語，故填 evident的名詞形式evidenceo.答案 runners解析 考查動詞變名詞。此處缺少主語，另外謂語動詞live用的是動詞原形，所以動詞變名詞后，需用復數(shù)形式。.答案 longer解

21、析 考查副詞的比較等級。句中的 than是比較級的標志，故填 10ng的比較級longer。.答案 to see解析 考查非謂語動詞之動詞不定式。此句意為“你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很長時間就會見到效果”，此處不定式短語 to see the benefit作目的狀語。.答案 dying解析考查非謂語動詞之動名詞。介詞of后接動詞時要用其動名詞形式。.答案 regularly解析 考查副詞。提示詞為形容詞，設空處修飾run這一動作，故用副詞修飾動詞。.答案is解析 考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境可知，這里用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語 it是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故謂語動詞用is。.答案 lengtheni

22、ng解析 考查名詞變動詞。因為后面有賓語life,所以此處應該用動詞。又因為前面有介詞at,所以需要用動詞的 v.-ing形式。10ng變成動詞和名詞都屬于不規(guī)則變化，需要牢記。long adj.長的，length n.長度，lengthen v.延長。.答案 authors解析 考查名詞的單復數(shù)。根據(jù)語境two of可知，后面應用名詞的復數(shù)形式。.答案 published解析 考查非謂語動詞。前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)謂語動詞 made,后面沒有并列連詞，沒有從句引導詞，所以動詞只能用非謂語形式。publish和前面的名詞 study構成被動關系，所以用過去分詞published。.答案 reduced解

23、析 考查時態(tài)。showed后面是一個賓語從句。賓語從句的時態(tài)要跟前面的動詞保持一致，所以要用一般過去時 reduced。.答案 deaths解析 考查動詞變名詞。設空處和heart disease為and連接的兩個并列成分，再結合其前面的形容詞early可知，此處應該填名詞。death表示“死亡”，是可數(shù)名詞，所以用復數(shù)形式。.答案 causes解析 考查名詞復數(shù)。cause表示“原因，起因”時是可數(shù)名詞，前面有all,故填cause的復數(shù)形式。.答案 best解析 考查形容詞最高級。由前面的定冠詞 the和后面的of all可確定用形容詞的最高級。.答案 probably解析 考查形容詞變副

24、詞。此處是副詞修飾整個句子，故答案為probably。以輔音字母+ le結尾的形容詞變副詞時，直接把e變成V。如possible變?yōu)閜ossibly。.答案 strengthen解析 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變動詞。此處不定式短語作目的狀語，故填 strength的動詞形式strengthen o.答案 climbing解析 考查非謂語動詞。avoid后面需要加v.-ing作賓語。.答案 energetic解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變形容詞。連系動詞is后接形容詞作表語，故填energy的形容詞形式 energetic。.答案 forms解析考查名詞單復數(shù)。other后面需要加名詞復數(shù)。.答案 be g

25、iven解析 考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞should后要跟動詞原形，且 running和give a try之間為被動關系，故填 should be given。n .語法填空一一無提示詞專練（每空限一詞）（2018全國出改編）I m not sure 21.is more frightened , me 22. the female gorilla（ 大猩猩） that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I m walking 23. a path in the forest in the Central African Republic 24. , unexpe

26、ctedly, I meet the gorilla,25. begins screaming at 26. top of her lungs.27. makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams 28. loudest of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats 29. chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself , ducking my head to avoid looking di

27、rectly into his eyes 30. he doesn t feel challenged.My name is Mireya Mayor , a scientist 31. job is to study animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 32. these three western lowland gorillas I d been observing.No one had seen them for hours,33. made my colleagues and I worried.When the gori

28、llas and I frightened each other , I was just glad to find 34. alive.True to a gorilla s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm.35. saying： I m king of this forest , and here is your reminder! ” , he wanted to deliver his message.After that, he allowed me to stay and watch.語篇解讀本文

29、為記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在叢林里偶遇大猩猩的驚險歷程。.答案 who/which解析考查賓語從句的引導詞。句意為：我不確定誰（哪一個）更害怕，是我還是那只不知從哪里突然冒出來的雌猩猩。.答案 or解析 考查連詞。連接兩個并列的名詞，并且表示選擇關系，所以用or。.答案 on解析考查介詞。在道路上行走，用介詞on。.答案 when解析 考查連詞。此處引導時間狀語從句，從句謂語是一個短暫性動作，故用 when。.答案 who/which解析 考查定語從句的關系詞。定語從句修飾先行詞the gorilla ,所以用who/which引導。.答案 the解析 考查冠詞。at the top of

30、one s lungs用盡量大的聲音，放聲大叫，為固定搭配。.答案 That解析 考查代詞。that指代上文中雄性黑猩猩大聲吼叫的這件事，同名同物，所以用 That。.答案 the解析考查冠詞。最高級前面用定冠詞the。.答案 his解析 考查代詞。此處名詞chest前缺形容詞性物主代詞，對它起修飾作用，再聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處應填his。.答案 so解析 考查連詞。句意為：我迅速矮下身，低下頭來，不直視他的眼睛，這樣他就不會感覺到被挑戰(zhàn)。表因果關系，所以填so。.答案 whose解析 考查定語從句的關系詞。job和scientist之間為所屬關系，所以填 whose。.答案 for解析 考查介

31、詞。search for尋找，為固定搭配。.答案 which解析 考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞是主句整句話，關系詞在從句中作主語，表示“這一點” “這件事:所以用which。.答案 them解析 考查代詞之人稱代詞。分析句子結構可知，此處要用代詞作find的賓語，故要用人稱代詞的賓格，指代上文的猩猩們。.答案 By解析考查介詞。by doing在此作方式狀語。強化練（一）（2019杭州*II擬）Although not everyone will have pondered（ 思索）the subject while staring out of the windowduring 1.flig

32、ht , the question as to why aeroplanes have circular windows rather thanduring 1.square ones is interesting.shape to increase safetyincluding the windows.Over the years, aerospace engineering 2.(make) huge leaps in aeroplane technology, meaning planes can carry more passengers and go 3.(fast). The p

33、lanes have also changedshape to increase safetyincluding the windows.In the 1950s 4. jetliners(噴氣式客機 )were starting to become mainstream , the De Havilland Comet came 5. fashion.With a pressurised cabin , it was able to go higher and faster than other aircraft., the plane had square windows and in 1

34、953 two planes fell apart in the air,7.(kill) 56 people in total.What caused the 8.(crash)? The windows.9. there s a corner, there s a weak spot.Windows , having four corners , havefour potential weak spots , making them likely to crash under stress such as air pressure.By curving the window , the s

35、tress that would 10.(eventual) crack the window corner is distributed and the likelihood of its breaking is reduced.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。雖然不是每個人都會在飛行時盯著窗外思考這個問題，但“飛機的窗戶為什么是圓形而不是方形”這個問題確實很有趣。文章講述了飛機窗戶是如何改進的。.答案 a解析 考查不定冠詞。句意為：雖然不是每個人都會在飛行時盯著窗外思考這個問題，但“飛機為什么有圓形窗戶而不是方形窗戶”這個問題很有趣。此處用不定冠詞來表示一類事情，故答案為a。.答案 has ma

36、de解析 考查時態(tài)。根據(jù) Over the years可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成日態(tài)，且主語是aerospaceengineering,為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故答案為has made.答案 faster解析 考查比較級。此處 and連接兩個并列成分，根據(jù) and前的more passengers可知，此處用比較級，故答案為 fastero.答案 when解析 考查定語從句。句意為：20世紀50年代，噴氣式客機開始成為主流，哈維蘭彗星型 客機成為時尚。此處 the 1950s是先行詞，在后面的定語從句中作時間狀語從句，故答案為 when。.答案 into解析 考查固定詞組。句意參考上題解析。come i

37、nto fashion流行起來。故答案為into。.答案 However解析 考查表示轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞。句意為：然而，這架飛機的窗戶是方形的，1953年，兩架飛機在空中解體，造成56人死亡。此句與上文構成一種轉(zhuǎn)折關系，故答案為 However。.答案 killing解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語。句意參考上題解析。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語，故答案為killing。.答案 crashes解析 考查名詞復數(shù)。句意為：飛機墜毀的原因是什么？結合上文的“兩架飛機在空中解體”可知，此處的名詞用復數(shù)形式，故答案為crashes.答案 Where解析 考查地點狀語從句。此處是 where引導的地點狀語從句。位于

38、句首，首字母大寫。故答案為Where o.答案 eventually解析 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處 crack是動詞，應由副詞修飾，故答案為eventually。BThe Future Life on MarsCompared with the life we 11. (live) on the earth now , the future life on Mars will be 12.(total) different.Firstly , without pollution on Mars , people will be able to drink cleaner water 13. brea

39、the fresher air, so they will be 14.(health). The food on Mars will be different from 15.(we) food now.People will just take 16.(pill) and drink man-made juice instead of eating bread and meat.Secondly , people will travel back to the earth or to other planets for sightseeing by spaceship.Additional

40、ly , there will be no 17(fix) schools and classrooms.Children will just fly to 18. classroom 19. the school spaceships.And people won t work in factories or companies.They can stay at home,20. (work) with computers.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了未來火星上的生活。.答案 are living解析 考查現(xiàn)在進行時。句意為：與我們現(xiàn)在地球上的生活相比較，未來火星上的生活將完全不同。由

41、now可知，本句為現(xiàn)在進行時。故填 are living。.答案 totally解析 考查副詞。totally為副詞，修飾形容詞different。故填totally。.答案 and解析 考查連詞。分析句意可知，本句表示兩個動作的并列，所以填連詞and。.答案 healthier解析 考查形容詞比較級。由cleaner, fresher可知，空處填 healthy的比較級healthier。.答案 our解析 考查代詞。分析句意可知，本句在說明火星上的食物將不同于我們現(xiàn)在的食物，所以空處應填形容詞性物主代詞來修飾food。故填our。.答案 pills解析 考查名詞復數(shù)。句意為：人們將只吃藥片

42、，喝人造果汁，而不是吃面包和肉。take pills吃藥，其中pill為可數(shù)名詞，其前無任何修飾詞，所以用 pill的復數(shù)pills。.答案 fixed解析 考查形容詞。句意為：此外，將沒有固定的學校和教室。fixed為形容詞，修飾名詞短語 schools and classrooms。故填 fixed。.答案 the解析 考查冠詞。句意為：孩子們將乘坐學校的宇宙飛船飛到教室。分析句子可知，本句特指教室，所以用定冠詞 the。.答案in解析 考查介詞。in the school spaceships乘宇宙飛船。in在內(nèi)部。.答案 working解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子可知，they與wor

43、k在邏輯上是主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。故填working 。C(2019安徽合肥六中最后一卷)Cold Food Day , which honors Jie Zitui , a hermit(隱士 ) who lived some 2600 years ago , used to be observed 21.(wide) , but today few Chinese observe it except on and around the mountain on 22. the hermit lived.Jie Zitui served 23. an advisor to C

44、hong er, a prince in the state of Jin.A civil war forced the prince 24.(leave) Jin and Jie Zitui followed him.25., when Chong er returned and became the ruler of Jin , his followers were rewarded with money , land and official jobs 26. Jie Zitui was overlooked.So Jie Zitui chose the life of a hermit

45、 on Mt.Mian , where he took care of his elderly mother.Chong er s men set fire to Mt.Mian to drive him out of 27. mountain and then rewarded him.But Jie and his mother refused and were burned to death.Out of 28. (sad), Chong er declared Cold Food Day in honor of him.It 29.(celebrate) for centuries i

46、n China until 30.(replace) by the more popular Tomb Sweeping Festival , which begins the day after.語篇解讀本文屬于說明文，介紹了寒食節(jié)的由來。.答案 widely解析 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞observed用副詞，故用 widely 廣泛地”。.答案 which解析 考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，“on the hermit lived”為定語從句修飾先行詞mountain ,從句缺on的賓語，故用關系代詞 which。.答案 as解析 考查介詞。serve as 充當，故用as。.答案 to

47、 leave解析 考查非謂語動詞。force sb.to do sth.強迫某人做某事，故用 to leave。.答案 However解析 考查副詞。分析前后句可知，前一句講述重耳被迫離開晉國，后一句講返回晉國后重耳成了統(tǒng)治者，前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故用副詞However。.答案 while解析 考查狀語從句的連接詞。分析句子結構可知，本句描述介子推與其他人的對比，故用whileo.答案 the解析考查定冠詞。根據(jù)前文“So Jie Zitui chose the life of a hermit on Mt.Mian ”可知，介子推選擇在綿山上當一名隱士，而重耳命令隨從們燒山，想把介子推從這座山里逼

48、出來，故特指隱居的那座山，故用the。.答案 sadness解析考查名詞。of后接名詞作賓語，故用sadness. 答案 was celebrated/had been celebrated解析考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結構可知，本句缺謂語， celebrate與主語為動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)，清明節(jié)取代寒食節(jié)發(fā)生在過去，因此可以用一般過去時，也可以用過去完成時, 故答案為was celebrated 或者 had been celebrated。.答案 replaced解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，replace與其邏輯主語it之間為動賓關系，故用過去分詞形式 replacedoD(2019金華卞II擬)Calligraphy is a visual art 31.(relate) to writing.It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument , brush, or other writing instruments.In China , calligraphy is referred to 32. shufa.Chinese calligraph