土木工程專業(yè)英語詞匯(整理版)

..第一局部必需把握，第二局部盡量把握第一局部：FiniteElementMethod有限單元法專業(yè)英語SpecialtyEnglish水利工程HydraulicEngineering4土木工程CivilEngineering5地下工程UndergroundEngineering6巖土工程Geotechnical Engineering7道路工程Road(Highway)Engineering8橋梁工程BridgeEngineering隧道工程Tunnel Engineering工程力學(xué)EngineeringMechanics11交通工程TrafficEngineering12港口工程Port Engineering13平安性safety17木結(jié)構(gòu)timberstructure18砌體結(jié)構(gòu)masonrystructure19混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)concretestructure鋼結(jié)構(gòu)steelstructure鋼-混凝土復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)steel and concrete compositestructure素混凝土plainconcrete鋼筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete鋼筋rebar預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土pre-stressedconcrete靜定結(jié)構(gòu)staticallydeterminatestructure超靜定結(jié)構(gòu)staticallyindeterminatestructure28桁架結(jié)構(gòu)trussstructure29空間網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)spatialgridstructure30近海工程offshoreengineering31靜力學(xué)statics32運(yùn)動學(xué)kinematics33動力學(xué)dynamics34簡支梁simplysupportedbeam35固定支座fixedbearing36彈性力學(xué)elasticity37塑性力學(xué)plasticity38彈塑性力學(xué)elaso-plasticity39斷裂力學(xué)fractureMechanics40土力學(xué)soilmechanics水力學(xué)hydraulics流體力學(xué)fluidmechanics43固體力學(xué)solidmechanics44集中力concentratedforce45壓力pressure46靜水壓力hydrostaticpressure47均布壓力uniformpressure48體力bodyforce重力gravity

線荷載lineload彎矩bendingmoment52torque扭矩應(yīng)力stress應(yīng)變stain正應(yīng)力normalstress剪應(yīng)力shearingstress主應(yīng)力principalstress變形deformation內(nèi)力internalforce偏移量撓度deflection61settlement沉降屈曲失穩(wěn)buckle軸力axialforce允許應(yīng)力allowablestress疲憊分析fatigueanalysis梁beam殼shell板plate橋bridge樁pile主動土壓力activeearthpressure被動土壓力passiveearthpressure承載力load-bearingcapacity水位waterHeight位移displacement結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)structuralmechanics材料力學(xué)materialmechanics經(jīng)緯儀altometer水準(zhǔn)儀level學(xué)科discipline子學(xué)科sub-discipline期刊journal,periodical83文獻(xiàn)literatureISSNInternationalStandardSerialNumber國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刊號ISBNInternationalStandard BookNumber國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書號卷volume期number88專著monograph會議論文集Proceeding學(xué)位論文thesis,dissertation專利patent檔案檔案室archive國際學(xué)術(shù)會議conference導(dǎo)師advisor學(xué)位論文辯論defenseofthesis博士研究生doctoratestudent研究生postgraduateEIEngineeringIndex工程索引SCIScienceCitationIndex科學(xué)引文索引100ISTPIndextoScienceandTechnologyProceedings科學(xué)技術(shù)會議論文集索引題目title摘要abstract全文full-text參考文獻(xiàn)reference聯(lián)絡(luò)單位、所屬單位affiliation主題詞Subject關(guān)鍵字keywordASCEAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers美國土木工程師協(xié)會FHWAFederalHighwayAdministration 聯(lián)邦公路總署ISOInternationalStandardOrganization111解析方式analyticalmethod112數(shù)值方式numericalmethod113計(jì)算computation說明書instruction標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Specification,Code第二局部：巖土工程專業(yè)詞匯1.geotechnicalengineering巖土工程2.foundationengineering根底工程3.soil,earth土4.soilmechanics土力學(xué)cyclicloading周期荷載unloading卸載reloading再加載viscoelasticfoundation粘彈性地基viscousdamping粘滯阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量5.soildynamics土動力學(xué)6.stresspath應(yīng)力路徑7.numericalgeotechanics數(shù)值巖土力學(xué)二.1.residualsoilgroundwaterlevel地下2.groundwatergroundwatertable3.clayminerals粘土礦物4.secondaryminerals次生礦5.landslides6.boreholecolumnarsection鉆孔柱狀圖7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地質(zhì)勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand礫砂12.coarsesand粗13.mediumsand14.finesand15.siltysand粉16.clayeysoil17.clay18.siltyclay粉質(zhì)粘19.silt20.sandysilt21.clayeysilt粘質(zhì)粉土22.saturatedsoil23.unsaturatedsoil土24.fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固結(jié)土26.normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固結(jié)27.underconsolidatedsoil28.zonalsoil區(qū)域性土29.softclay軟粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨脹土31.peat泥炭32.loess黃土33.frozensoil凍土24.degreeofsaturation25.dryunitweight干重度

26.moistunitweight濕重度45.ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering國際土力學(xué)與巖土工程學(xué)會四.滲透性和滲流seepageforce滲透力hydraulicgradient12.coefficientofpermeability滲透系數(shù)五.地基應(yīng)力和變形1.softsoil2.(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入3.effectivestress4.totalstress總應(yīng)力fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度lowactivity7.sensitivity8.triaxialtest三軸9.foundationdesign10.recompaction再壓縮11.bearingcapacity12.soilmass土體13.contactstress(pressure)接觸應(yīng)力〔壓力〕14.concentratedload15.asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半無限彈性體16.homogeneous17.isotropic各向同18.stripfooting19.squarespreadfooting方形獨(dú)立根底u(yù)nderlyingsoil(stratum,strata)下臥層〔土〕deadload=sustainedload22.liveload活載23.shorttermtransientload短期瞬時(shí)荷載24.long-termtransientload25.reducedload折算荷載26.settlement沉降27.deformation變形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤〔防〕30.clayfraction組31.physicalproperties物理性質(zhì)32.subgrade路33.well-gradedsoil34.poorly-gradedsoil級配不良土35.normalstresses36.shearstresses剪應(yīng)37.principalplane主平面38.major(intermediate,minor)principalstress最大〔中、最39.Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩爾-庫侖破40.FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41.limitequilibriummethod極限平衡法42.porewaterpressure孔隙水壓力43.preconsolidationpressure先期固結(jié)壓力44.modulusofcompressibility壓縮模量45.coefficentofcompressibility壓縮系數(shù)46pressionindex壓縮指數(shù)47.swellingindex回彈指48.geostaticstress自重應(yīng)力49.additionalstress附加應(yīng)力50.totalstress總應(yīng)力51.finalsettlement52.slipline滑動線六.1excavation2dewatering3failureoffoundation基坑失穩(wěn)4bracingoffoundationpit基坑圍護(hù)bottomheave=basalheave〔基坑〕底隆起retainingwall擋土墻7pore-pressuredistribution孔壓分8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)〔輕型〕10deepwellpoint深井點(diǎn)11vacuumwellpoint真空井點(diǎn)12bracedcuts支撐圍 7.multi-dimensionalconsolidation多維固結(jié)13bracedexcavation14bracedsheeting支撐擋板七.深根底--deepfoundation1.pilefoundation樁根底cast–in-placedivingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管boredpilespecial-shapedcast-in-placepile機(jī)控異型灌注樁pilessetintorock嵌巖灌注rammedbulbpile夯擴(kuò)樁belledpierfoundationdrilled-pierfoundation鉆孔擴(kuò)底墩under-reamedboredpier3)precastconcretepile預(yù)制混凝土樁steelpile鋼樁steelpipepile鋼管樁 steelsheetpile鋼板樁prestressedconcretepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁prestressedconcretepipepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管2.caissonfoundation3.diaphragmwall地下連4.frictionpile5.end-bearingpile端承6.shaft7.waveequationanalysis波動方程分8.pilecaps承臺〔樁帽〕9.bearingcapacityofsinglepile單樁承載力10.lateralpileloadtest11.ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile單樁橫向極限12.staticloadtestofpile13.verticalallowableloadcapacity單樁豎向容許承載14.lowpilecap低樁承臺15.high-risepilecap高樁承16.verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile單樁抗17.silentpiling18.upliftpile抗拔19.anti-slidepile抗滑樁20.pilegroups21.efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群樁效率系數(shù)〔η〕22.efficiencyofpilegroups23.dynamicpiletesting樁基動測技術(shù)24.finalset25.dynamicloadtestofpile樁動荷載試驗(yàn)26.pileintegritytest樁的完整性試驗(yàn)27.pilehead=butt樁28.piletip=pilepoint=piletoe29.pilespacing樁距30.pileplan31.arrangementofpiles=pilelayout樁的布置32.groupaction33.endbearing=tipresistance樁端34.skin(side)friction=shaftresistance樁側(cè)阻35.pilecushion36.piledriving(byvibration)樁37.pilepullingtest拔樁試驗(yàn)38.pileshoe樁39.pilenoise40.pilerig打樁機(jī)九.固結(jié)consolidation1.Terzzaghi’sconsolidationtheory太沙基固結(jié)理論2.Barraon’sconsolidationtheory巴隆固結(jié)理論3.Biot’sconsolidationtheory比奧固結(jié)理論4.overconsolidationration(OCR)超固結(jié)比5.overconsolidationsoil超固結(jié)土6.excessporewaterpressure超孔壓力

8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一維固結(jié)9.primaryconsolidation主固結(jié)10.secondaryconsolidation次固結(jié)11.degreeofconsolidation12.consolidationtest固結(jié)13.consolidationcurve14.timefactorTv時(shí)間因子15.coefficientofconsolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)16.preconsolidationpressure前期固結(jié)壓力17.principleofeffectivestress有效應(yīng)力原理18.consolidationunderK0conditionK0固結(jié)十.shearstrength1.undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪強(qiáng)度2.residualstrength剩余強(qiáng)度3.long-termstrength長久強(qiáng)4.peakstrength5.shearstrainrate剪切應(yīng)變速率dilatation剪脹effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪脹抗剪強(qiáng)度有效應(yīng)力法8.totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪強(qiáng)度總應(yīng)力法9.Mohr-Coulombtheory10.angleofinternalfriction內(nèi)摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚12.failurecriterion13.vanestrength十字板抗剪強(qiáng)度14.unconfinedcompression無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度15.effectivestressfailureenvelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線16.effectivestressstrengthparameter有效應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度參數(shù)十一本構(gòu)模型--constitutivemodel1.elasticmodel2.nonlinearelasticmodel非線性彈性模型3.elastoplasticmodel4.viscoelasticmodel粘彈性模型boundarysurfacemodel邊界面模型Duncan-Changmodel鄧肯－張模型7.rigidplasticmodel剛塑性模型8.capmodel蓋帽模型9.worksoftening加工軟化10.workhardening加工硬化11.Cambridgemodel劍橋模型12.idealelastoplasticmodel 理想彈塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫爾－庫侖屈服準(zhǔn)那么yieldsurface屈服面elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel彈性半空間地基模16.elasticmodulus17.Winklerfoundationmodel文克爾地基模型十二.地基承載力--bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil1.punchingshearfailure沖剪破壞2.generalshearfailure整體剪切破化3.localshearfailure 局部剪切破壞4.stateoflimitequilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài)5.criticaledgepressure臨塑荷載6.stabilityoffoundationsoil地基穩(wěn)定性7.ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基極限承載8.allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容許承載力十三土壓力--earthpressure1.activeearthpressure2.passiveearthpressure被動土壓力3.earthpressureatrest靜止土壓力4.Coulomb’searthpressuretheory庫侖土壓力理5.Rankine’searthpressuretheory朗金土壓力理論十四.土坡穩(wěn)定分析--slopestabilityanalysis1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishopmethod畢肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope邊坡穩(wěn)定平安系數(shù)4.Felleniusmethodofslices費(fèi)紐倫斯條分5.Swedishcirclemethod6.slicesmethod條分法十五擋土墻--retainingwallstabilityofretainingwall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性foundationwall3.counterretainingwall扶壁式擋

7.consolidateddrainedtriaxialtest固結(jié)排水試驗(yàn)(CD)8 pactiontest擊實(shí)試驗(yàn)9.consolidatedquickdirectsheartest固結(jié)快剪試驗(yàn)10.quickdirectsheartest快剪試驗(yàn)11.consolidateddraineddirectsheartest慢剪試驗(yàn)12.sieveanalysis13.geotechnicalmodeltest土工模型14.centrifugalmodeltest離心模型試驗(yàn)15.directshearapparatus16.directsheartest直剪試17.directsimplesheartest直接單剪試驗(yàn)18.dynamictriaxialtest19.dynamicsimpleshear動20.free〔resonancevibrationcolumntest自(共)振柱試驗(yàn)二十二.1.standardpenetrationtest(SPT)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貫入4.cantileverretainingwall懸臂式擋土墻試驗(yàn) 2.surfacewavetest(SWT) 外表波試5.cantileversheetpilewall懸臂式板樁墻驗(yàn)3.dynamicpenetrationtest(DPT) 動力觸探試6.gravityretainingwall重力式擋土墻驗(yàn)4.staticconepenetration(SPT) 靜力觸探試7.anchoredplateretainingwall錨定板擋土墻驗(yàn)5.plateloadingtest 靜 力荷載試8.anchoredsheetpilewall錨定板板樁墻驗(yàn)6.lateralloadtestofpile 單樁橫向載荷試十六.板樁結(jié)構(gòu)物--sheetpilestructure1.steelsheetpile鋼驗(yàn)7.staticloadtestofpile 單樁豎向荷載試板樁2.reinforcedconcretesheetpile樁3.steelpiles鋼樁4.woodensheetpile木板5.timberpiles木樁

8.cross-holetest9.screwplatetest螺旋板載荷10.pressuremetertest11.lightsounding輕便觸探試驗(yàn)12.deepsettlementmeasurement深層沉降觀十七.淺根底--shallowfoundation1.boxfoundation箱型根測13.vanesheartest十字板剪切試2.mat(raft)foundation3.stripfoundati