英文論文SCI論文句式

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動詞系列

------------------------------------------------常用表研究的動詞：explore/study/investigate/looksat

研究探索develop/establish/constructperform/propose/implement

建立，構造開展，實施，采用demonstrate/prove 證明conclude/summarize 總結haveyettobeimproved 有待改進littleresearchhasbeenconductedinapplying...toResultsarereportedforaninvestigationintothemethodsbywhichenergytransferiscalculatedinthedirectsimulationMonteCarlo(DSMC)method其它研究者otherinvestigators考慮Considerwithrespect/regardto ?apply采用某種方法 beemployedtodoAccountfor=considerexplain/interpret解釋shedadditionallighton額外闡明focusontheneedfor?pointout?emphasizetheneedtogaininsightinto深入了解discard/omit/eliminate丟棄/省略/消除存在?缺點sufferfromdeficitsin?Thenewmethoddiffersinthat?--------------------------------連詞系列------------------------------------------------原因與結果presentdifferentrheologicalbehaviorsaccordingtothetreatmentused,whichcouldbeattributedto?因為受到什么處理表現如何，歸因于?resultin?導致bedependenton依賴于?andtherefore?因此Consequently,因此Asaresult,因此Thus,轉折However,Otherwise否則Nevertheless雖然如此Howevertodate,然而到目前為止本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！DespiteNonetheless

盡管（介詞）盡管（介詞，副詞）類比Incontrastto 與?相比Comparedwith?Ithasbeendemonstratedthattheuseofa***modelispreferabletothe***.遞進Inaddition, 除此以外Subsequently,Furthermore,換而言之??,i.e.,??例如?..,e.g.,=?..,forexample,?.為了使?DOInafurtherattempttohavesthdosth, ?滿足。。。的需要sufficefor-------------------------------- 形容詞系列---------------------------------------------重要的distinguishing/critical/significant/important基本的essential比例be(inversely)proportionalto 成正(反)比各種各樣的various許多的Anumbersof復雜的complicated/sophisticated/complex模糊的fuzzy----------------------------- 固定用法系列 ------------------------------------------------ThegaseousmediumisassumedtobeamonoatomicgaswithMaxwellmodel描述吻合與差異Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetween?and?沒有顯著差異?haveasignificanteffecton ?某某對某某有顯著作用Thedifferencescouldalsobeexplainedby/beattributedto ?這些差異的造成。?playasmallerrolein ??作用有限本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！Yield?inmuch closeragreement with (experimental results)than dothe(NSequations).結果與實驗吻合引出公式?isgiven/defined/expressedby ??bedefinedby??(完整句子)asfollows:?beachieved/obtained.Weobtain?asgivenbelowBeassumedtobeWith alittle additional manipulation, the stagnation temperature andstatictemperaturecanberelatedbytheMachnumber.代入某式substitute?into?圖表說明什么問題和現象ThevariationofAversusBisshowninFigure1illustrate/reveal/show/present/imply/describeaddress/highlightItcanbeshown/noticed/observed(fromthe ?)that?公式符號說明designate/represent/denote(whereabaroveraderivativedesignatesanon-divergentsymmetricaltensor)ItisthusconcludedthattheBurnettequationsrepresentasignificantimprovementoverNavier-StokesequationsforflowsexhibitingtranslationalnonequilibriumWenowperformanorder-of-magnitudescalinganalysisontheincompressibleNSequations.Ourgoalistodevelopamodelfortheflowintheboundarylayerwhichislesscomplexthanthetwo-dimensionalincompressibleNSequations.And,byapplyingthismodel,wehopetogaininsightintothefundamentalphysicsatworkinboundarylayerflows.Themeshisstructuredandconsistsof600everyspacedcellsalongthesurfaceofthecylinderand300cellsintheradialdirection.Inordertotestforinstabilitiestosmallwavelengthdisturbances,thegridpointswereincreasedfrom101to501points.Forthisreason,we startedourinvestigationwith ananalysisoftheinfluenceofgridresolution.ThespeedandaltituderangesoftheSpaceShuttleandtheNASPascent/descentcorridors encompassmostsuchdomains.Thus,apartfromthefluiddynamicaspectofhypersonicviscousflows,onemustaddressissuesofnon-equilibriumgasdynamicsaffectingtheflowsofinterest,hencetheuseof"perspectives"inthearticle'stitle.REVIEW 中常用表達Manyresearchstudieshavebeencarriedoutonthistopic.Problemofxxdrawsrecentlymoreandmoreattentionofsystemanalysis本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！Despiterecentprogress,how?remainstobeelucidatedToinvestigatethemechanismof?,weperformed?Theobjectivesofthispaperareto?Thispaperproceedsasfollow.Understandingscansometimesbeachievedwithsimpleanalyticalconsiderationswhichyieldbasictrendsandalsoorderofmagnitudeknowledgeofaneffect.Unfortunately,solutionstotheBurnettequationsforhypersonicflowshaveuntilrecentlybeenunattainablecausingmostresearcherstoabandontheBurnettequationsThefreestreamvelocityisvariedbetween3-7km/s.Thefreestreamdensityisvariedas1,2,3and4kg/m3.ThefigureshowsthatCPshiftisonlyweaklyaffectedbyflightaltitude,atleastovertherangeconsidered.Chapman–EnskogexpansionistheorthodoxapproachtoderivecontinuumflowmodelsfromBoltzmann’skineticequationfordilutegases.Beginning3.Thestructureofthepaperisasfollows.4.Inthispaper ,weshallfirstbrieflyintroducefuzzysetsandrelatedconcepts5.TobeginwithwewillprovideabriefbackgroundontheIntroductionThiswillbefollowedbyadescriptionofthefuzzynatureoftheproblemandadetailedpresentationofhowtherequiredmembershipfunctionsaredefined.Detailsonxxandxxarediscussedinlatersections.Inthenextsection,afterastatementofthebasicproblem,varioussituationsinvolvingpossibilityknowledgeareinvestigated:first,anentirelypossibilitymodelisproposed;thenthecasesofafuzzyservicetimewithstochasticarrivalsandnon-fuzzyserviceruleisstudied;lastly,fuzzyserviceruleareconsidered.ReviewThisreviewisfollowedbyanintroduction.AbriefsummaryofsomeoftherelevantconceptsinxxxandxxxispresentedinSectionInthenextsection,abriefreviewof....isgiven.本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！Inthenextsection,ashortreviewof...isgivenwithspecialregardto...Section2reviewsrelevantresearchrelatedtoxx.Section1.1brieflysurveysthemotivationforamethodologyofaction,while1.2looksatthedifficultiesposedbythecomplexityofsystemsandoutlinestheneedfordevelopmentofpossibilitymethods.BodySection1definesthenotionofrobustness,andarguesforitsimportance.Section1devotedtothebasicaspectsoftheFLCdecisionmakinglogic.Section2givesthebackgroundoftheproblemwhichincludesxxxSection2discussessomeproblemswithandapproachesto,naturallanguageunderstanding.Section2explainshowflexibilitywhichoften...canbeexpressedintermsoffuzzytimewindowSection3discussestheaspectsoffuzzysettheorythatareusedinthe...Section3describesthesystemitselfinageneralway,includingthe?..andalsodiscusseshowtoevaluatesystemperformance.Section3describesanewmeasureofxx.Section3demonstratestheuseoffuzzypossibilitytheoryintheanalysisofxx.Section3isafinedescriptionoffuzzyformulationofhumandecision.Section3,isdevelopedtothemodelingandprocessingoffuzzydecisionrulesThemainideaoftheFLCisdescribedinSection3whileSection4describesthexxstrategies.Section3and4showexperimentalstudiesforverifyingtheproposedmodel.Section4discussesapreviousfuzzysetbasedapproachtocostvarianceinvestigation.Section4givesaspecificexampleofxxx.Section4istheexperimentalstudytomakeafuzzymodelofmemoryprocess.Section4containsadiscussionoftheimplicationoftheresultsofSection2and3.Section4appliesthisfuzzymeasuretotheanalysisofxxandillustrateitsuseonexperimentaldata.本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！Section5presentstheprimaryresultsofthepaper:afuzzysetmodel..Section5containssomeconclusionsplussomeideasforfurtherwork.Section6illustratesthemodelwithanexample.VariouswaysofjustificationandthereasonsfortheirchoicearediscussedverybrieflyinSection2.InSection2arepresentedtheblockdiagramexpressionofawholemodelofhumanDMsystemInSection2weshalllistacollectionofbasicassumptionswhicha...schememustsatisfy.25.InSection2ofthispaper,wepresentrepresentationanduniquenesstheoremsforthefundamentalmeasurementoffuzzinesswhenthedomainofdiscourseisorderdense.InSection3,wedescribethepreliminaryresultsofanempiricalstudycurrentlyinprogresstoverifythemeasurementmodelandtoconstructmembershipfunctions.InSection5isanalyzedtheinferenceprocessthroughthetwokindsofinferenceexperiments...ThisSectionInthissection,thecharacteristicsandenvironmentunderwhichMRPisdesignedaredescribed.Wewillprovideinthissectionbasicterminologiesandnotationswhicharenecessaryfortheunderstandingofsubsequentresults.NextSectionThenextsectiondescribesthemathematicsthatgoesintothecomputerimplementationofsuchfuzzylogicstatements.However,itiscumbersomeforthispurposeandinpracticalapplicationstheformulaewererearrangedandsimplifiedasdiscussedinthenextsection.Thethreecomponentswillbedescribedinthenexttwosection,andanexampleofxxanalysisofacomputerinformationsystemwillthenillustratetheiruse.WecaninterprettheresultsofExperimentsIandIIasinthefollowingsections.Thenextsectionsummarizesthemethodinafromthatisusefulforargumentsbasedon本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！xxSummaryThispaperconcludeswithadiscussionoffutureresearchconsiderationinsection5.Section5summarizestheresultsofthisinvestigation.Section5givestheconclusionsandfuturedirectionsofresearch.4.Section7providesasummaryandadiscussionofsomeextensionsofthepaper .Finally,conclusionsandfutureworkaresummarizedThebasicquestionsposedabovearethendiscussedandconclusionsaredrawn.7.Section7istheconclusionofthepaper .本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！Chapter0.Abstract1.Abasicprobleminthedesignofxxispresentedbythechoiceofaxxrateforthemeasurementofexperimentalvariables.Thispaperexaminesanewmeasureofxxinxxbasedonfuzzymathematicswhichovercomesthedifficultiesfoundinotherxxmeasures.Thispaperdescribesasystemfortheanalysisofthexx.Themethodinvolvestheconstructionofxxfromfuzzyrelations.Theprocedureisusefulinanalyzinghowgroupsreachadecision.Thetechniqueusedistoemployanewlydevelopedandversatilexxalgorithm.Theusefulnessofxxisalsoconsidered.Abriefmethodologyusedinxxisdiscussed.Theanalysisisusefulinxxandxxproblem.Amodelisdevelopedforaxxanalysisusingfuzzymatrices.Algorithmstocombinetheseestimatesandproduceaxxarepresentedandjustified.Theuseofthemethodisdiscussedandanexampleisgiven.Resultsofanexperimentalapplicationsofthisxxanalysisprocedurearegiventoillustratetheproposedtechnique.ThispaperanalysesproblemsinThispaperoutlinesthefunctionscarriedoutby...Thispaperincludesanillustrationofthe...ThispaperprovidesanoverviewandinformationusefulforapproachingEmphasisisplacedontheconstructionofacriterionfunctionbywhichthexxinachievingahierarchicalsystemofobjectivesareevaluated.ThemainemphasisisplacedontheproblemofxxOurproposedmodelisverifiedthroughexperimentalstudy.Theexperimentalresultsrevealinterestingexamplesoffuzzyphasesof:xx,xx22.Thecompatibilityofaprojectintermsofcost,andxxarelikewiserepresentedbylinguisticvariables.本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！23.AdidacticexampleisincludedtoillustratethecomputationalprocedureChapter1.IntroductionTimeOverthecourseofthepast30years,..hasemergedformintuitiveTechnologicalrevolutionshaverecentlyhittheindustrialworldTheadventof...systemsforhashadasignificantimpactontheThedevelopmentof...isexploredDuringthepastdecade,thetheoryoffuzzysetshasdevelopedinavarietyofdirections6.TheconceptofxxwasinvestigatedquiteintensivelyinrecentyearsTherehasbeenaturningpointin...methodologyinaccordancewiththeadventof...Amajorconcernin...todayistocontinuetoimprove...Axxisalatecomerinthepartrepresentationarena.Atthetimeofthiswriting,thereisstillnostandardwayofxxAlthoughalotofeffortisbeingspentonimprovingtheseweaknesses,theefficientandeffectivemethodhasyettobedeveloped.Thepioneerworkcanbetracedtoxx[1965].Todate,noneofthemethodsdevelopedisperfectandallarefarfromreadytobeusedincommercialsystems.Objective/Goal/PurposeThepurposeoftheinferenceenginecanbeoutlinedasfollows:Theultimategoalofthexxsystemistoallowthenonexpertstoutilizetheexistingknowledgeintheareaofmanualhandlingofloads,andtoprovideintelligent,computeraidedinstructionforxxx.ThepaperconcernsthedevelopmentofaxxThescopeofthisresearchliesinThemainthemeofthepaperistheapplicationofrulebaseddecisionmaking.Theseobjectivesaretobemetwithsuchthoroughnessandconfidenceastopermit...Theobjectivesofthe...operationsstudyareasfollows:本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！Theprimarypurpose/consideration/objectiveofTheultimategoalofthisconceptistoprovideThemainobjectiveofsucha...systemistoTheaimofthispaperistoprovidemethodstoconstructsuchprobabilitydistribution.Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,anxxmustmeetthefollowingrequirements:Inordertotakeadvantageoftheirsimilaritymoreresearchisstillrequiredbeforefinalgoalof...canbecompletedInthistrial,theobjectiveistogenerate...forthesakeofconcentratingon...researchissuesAmajorgoalofthisreportistoextendtheutilizationofarecentlydevelopedprocedureforthexx.Foranillustrativepurpose,fourwellknownORproblemsarestudiedinpresenceoffuzzydata:xx.Amajorthrustofthepaperistodiscussapproachesandstrategiesforstructuring..methodsThisillustrationpointsouttheneedtospecifyTheultimategoalisbothdescriptiveandprescriptive.Chapter2.LiteratureReviewAwealthofinformationistobefoundinthestatisticsliterature,forexample,regardingxxAconsiderableamountofresearchhasbeendone..duringthelastdecadeAgreatnumberofstudiesreportonthetreatmentofuncertaintiesassociatedwithxx.ThereisconsiderableamountofliteratureonplanningHowever,thesestudiesdonotprovidemuchattentiontouncertaintyinxx.Sincethen,thesubjecthasbeenextensivelyexploredanditisstillunderinvestigationaswellinmethodologicalaspectsasinconcreteapplications.Manyresearchstudieshavebeencarriedoutonthistopic.Problemofxxdrawsrecentlymoreandmoreattentionofsystemanalysis.Attemptstoresolvethisdilemmahaveresultedinthedevelopmentof本文檔如對你有幫助，請幫忙下載支持！Manycomplexprocessesunfortunately,donotyieldtothisdesignprocedureandhave,therefore,notyetbeenautomated.Mostofthemethodsdevelopedsofararedeterministicand/orprobabilisticinnature.Thecentralissueinallthesestudiesisto35.Theproblemofxxhasbeenstudiedbyotherinvestigators,however,thesestudieshavebeenbaseduponclassicalstatisticalapproaches.36.Applied...techniquesto37.Characterizedthe...systemas38.Developedanalgorithmto39.Developedasystemcalled...which40.Usesaniterativealgorithmtodeduce41.Emphasizedtheneedto42.Identifiessixkeyissuessurroundinghightechnology43.Acomprehensivestudyofthe...hasbeenundertaken44.Muchworkhasbeenreportedrecentlyinthesefiled45.Proposed/Presented/Statethat/Described/Illustrated/Indicated/Hasshown/showe