2022年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號19

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Therehasbeensomeinsensiblepeoplewhoattempttoendtheirpains（

）throughsuicide.

問題1選項

A.heartandsoul

B.onthewhole

C.byandlarge

D.onceforall

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。heartandsoul意為“全心全意，完全地”；onthewhole意為“大體上，基本上”；byandlarge意為“總的來說，大體而言”；onceforall意為“一勞永逸地，徹底地，只此一次”。

句意：有一些麻木不仁的人試圖通過自殺一次性地結(jié)束他們的痛苦。

2.單選題

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcompositionpublication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe'veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeopledrawnbytheauthoris（

）.

2.Theauthor'sbiggestconcernis

（

）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis

（

）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofproseorpoemis（

）.

問題1選項

A.fairlyright

B.ratherbleak

C.veryimpressive

D.quiteencouraging

問題2選項

A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

問題3選項

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

C.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

問題4選項

A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我?guī)缀鯖]有必要引證所有令人沮喪的人們的識字狀況）可知B選項“相當凄涼”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天擔心的與其說是基本識字這個壓倒性的問題，不如說是一個更為奢侈的問題，即美國中產(chǎn)階層讀者閱讀技能的衰退，他們不愿意在安靜的地方，犧牲難得在家的時間，集中注意力用以讀書，而這些與經(jīng)典閱讀行為息息相關(guān)）可知D選項“中產(chǎn)階級的閱讀能力與閱讀行為”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人認為，近80%的受過良好教育的青少年，在沒有背景音樂和閃爍的電視屏幕的陪伴下就無法閱讀）和thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而在這種邊閱讀邊在背景的干擾下進行理解的新方法使人們不可能對所閱讀的東西全神貫注地加以理解）可知C選項“他們?nèi)狈ψ⒁饬突纠斫饬Α狈项}意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用說人們對他們真正喜歡的詩歌或散文給予的最高評價了，那就是把它記在心里）可知A選項“能夠欣賞它并記住它”符合題意。

3.單選題

TheUSAhas10percentofthetotalpetroleum（

）oftheworldinitsownterritory,andhasbeenamajorproducerfordecades.

問題1選項

A.reservations

B.reserves

C.potentials

D.reservoirs

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。reservation意為“預約，保留地”；reserve意為“儲備（量），儲藏（量）”；potential意為“潛在的，有可能的”；reservoir意為“水庫，蓄水池”。

句意：美國在自己的領(lǐng)土上擁有世界石油總儲量的10%，幾十年來一直是主要的生產(chǎn)國。

4.單選題

Don'tbehardonLilly.Sheis（

）andshemaystarttocry.

問題1選項

A.sophisticated

B.sympathetic

C.sensitive

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sophisticated意為“老練的，見過世面的”；sympathetic意為“同情的，有同情心的”；sensitive意為“敏感的，易受影響的”；sensible意為“理智的，明智的”。

句意：別對莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感，她可能會哭了。

5.單選題

Thiscountrycouldhaveasmanyas10millioncasesofAIDSin2011ifthe（

）isnottakenseriously.

問題1選項

A.equivalent

B.epidemic

C.eruption

D.episode

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。equivalent意為“相等的東西，等量”；epidemic意為“流行病”；eruption意為“噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)”；episode意為“插曲”。

句意：如果不認真對待該國的疫情，到2011年，該國可能會有多達1000萬的艾滋病人。

6.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrail,thenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantageasmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunityinpre-industrialtimes,whilenowitbecomescustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Alsoasemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.ThetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowreexamineourthinkingaboutthefutureofworkand

（

）.

3.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

（

）.

4.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentbecameoverwhelminginthat

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures

C.availableemploymentmustbemostwidelydistributedamongtheunemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

問題2選項

A.bepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork

B.createmorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity

C.setupsmallerprivateenterprisessothatweinturncanemployothers

D.bepreparedtofillintimeathomebytakinguphobbiesandleisureactivities

問題3選項

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’sgrasp

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereserved

問題4選項

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

問題5選項

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility

B.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time

C.peopleshouldstarttosupportthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill

D.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat...highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.（民意測驗現(xiàn)在開始顯示出一種不情愿的共識……即高失業(yè)率很可能會持續(xù)下去。這意味著我們必須設(shè)法更廣泛地分享現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)機會）從民意調(diào)查結(jié)果可知現(xiàn)在失業(yè)率很高，現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)只能滿足一小部分人口，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的四個問句（我們是否應該繼續(xù)把就業(yè)視為標準？難道我們不應該鼓勵許多其他方式來尊重別人的工作嗎？我們是否應該創(chuàng)造條件，讓很多人可以為自己工作，而不是為雇主工作？難道我們的目標不應該是重振家庭和社區(qū)，以及工廠和辦公室，作為生產(chǎn)和工作的中心嗎？）可知我們應該改變以前的工作觀念，被雇傭并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改變觀念的具體例子，并不能概括其中心觀點，因此選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork（它可以為將來的工作提供更好的前景）可知與A選項“普遍就業(yè)實際上保證了繁榮”說法不符，工業(yè)時代只是提供一個好的工作機會，并不能保證繁榮；由Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom（如歷史所示，普遍就業(yè)并不意味著經(jīng)濟自由）可知B選項“經(jīng)濟自由在每個人的掌握之中”說法不正確；由someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed（一些工作模式上的變化可能會被保留）可知與D選項“人們對工作的態(tài)度必須保留”不符，通過排除法，因此選C。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的astransportimproved...eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived（隨著交通的改善……最終，許多人的工作失去了與他們的家庭生活和他們居住的地方的所有聯(lián)系）可知人們可以到離家很遠的地方工作，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段的內(nèi)容為：這一切現(xiàn)在可能必須改變?，F(xiàn)在是時候把為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的烏托邦式目標的努力和資源，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閹椭芏鄾]有全職工作的人進行管理的緊迫的實際任務(wù)上來。烏托邦表示某些好的，但是無法實現(xiàn)的（或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的）建議、愿望、計劃等，由此可知A選項“為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會是不可能的”符合題意。

7.單選題

WhenDickbegantotellabouthissummervacation,theteacher（

）him（

）,saying"Tellusthatanothertime."

問題1選項

A.cut...down

B.shut...out

C.cut...short

D.shut...off

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。cutdown意為“減少，砍倒”；shutout意為“把……關(guān)在門外，阻斷（念頭、情感等）”；cutshort意為“縮短，打斷”；shutoff意為“關(guān)閉，停止”。

句意：當Dick開始講述他的暑假時，教師打斷了他，說“下次告訴我們”。

8.單選題

Iphonedhimthismorning,butwhenIsaidwhoIwas,he（

）.

問題1選項

A.rangup

B.hungup

C.shutdown

D.shutup

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。ringup意為“打電話”；hangup意為“掛斷電話”；shutdown意為“關(guān)閉，停業(yè)”；shutup意為“安靜，閉嘴”。

句意：我今天早上給他打了電話，但當我告訴他我是誰時，他掛斷了電話。

9.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

問題1選項

A.extensively

B.exclusively

C.excessively

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。extensively意為“廣大地，廣泛地”；exclusively意為“唯一地”；excessively意為“過度地”；exceedingly意為“非常，極其”。

句意：你的建議對他來說非常的有價值，他現(xiàn)在是無計可施了。

10.單選題

Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（

）andasksthemquestions.

問題1選項

A.atlength

B.atrandom

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。atlength意為“充分地”；atrandom意為“任意地，隨便地”；inessence意為“本質(zhì)上，大體上”；inbulk意為“大量，整批”。

句意：當心理學家要做一個關(guān)于人類思維的常規(guī)實驗時，他會隨機地選擇人并問他們問題。

11.單選題

HowmuchRobertSmith（

）,thegoalstayedunattained,buthestillwouldn'tgiveup.

問題1選項

A.inspired

B.endeavored

C.distressed

D.confused

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。inspire意為“激勵，鼓舞”；endeavor意為“努力，盡力，試圖”；distress意為“使悲傷，使苦惱”；confuse意為“使糊涂，使迷惑”。

句意：不管羅伯特?史密斯如何努力，他還是沒有達到目標，但他還是不肯放棄。

12.單選題

1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.

2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)

3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.

4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.

5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.

6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?

2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?

5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項

A.Itisasymboloffairplay.

B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.

C.Itwritesbigchecks.

D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.

問題2選項

A.Nobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmerit

B.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocess

C.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocess

D.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate

問題3選項

A.theNobelistooflexible

B.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciples

C.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiased

D.theselectionprocesslackstransparency

問題4選項

A.Thescienceprizes.

B.Theliteratureprizes.

C.Thepeaceprizes.

D.Theeconomicsprizes.

問題5選項

A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.

B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.

C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.

D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.（在某種程度上，獎金的金額（2000年約為91萬美元）很重要；現(xiàn)金價值容易模糊成威望）可知諾貝爾的豐厚獎金使它更聲名顯赫，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman'ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.（其功績超過普通人。Feldman先生的下一個問題就是質(zhì)疑其真實性）可知A“諾貝爾獎的頒發(fā)可能不以功績?yōu)橐罁?jù)”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的TheNobels…mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.（諾貝爾獎……必須在指導方針和參數(shù)范圍內(nèi)工作）可知與B選項“諾貝爾獎嚴格遵循選擇原則”相符；由第五段中的peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical（在挑選過程中的人可能同時具有操縱性和政治性）（whichcorrodesfairness它腐蝕了公平）,andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude（堅信自己的誠意和正直）（whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture使他們看不到自己的弱點和他們文化的弱點）可知與C選項“瑞典科學院成員的意見可能是有失偏頗的”相符；由第五段中的SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.（諾貝爾保密性阻礙了新的、糾正性的批評）可知與D選項“甄選過程缺乏透明度”相符；故可排除B、C、D，因此選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord.（科學獎以最好的成績出現(xiàn)）可知Feldman先生對科學獎的評價最高，因此選A。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.（他認為這些獎項比一個世紀前更“健康”；是“在所有標準都受到攻擊的時代，迫切需要權(quán)威和一致性的象征”；以及刺激我們對偉大事物驚嘆不如的能力）可知盡管諾貝爾獎有一些問題，但還是有存在的必要，因此選C。

13.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.

問題1選項

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意為“不必做的事而做了”。

句意：原來只是一個小型家庭聚會，我們沒必要打扮得這么正式。

14.單選題

Oncethevice-chancellorofauniversityis（

）,hebeginshistermofoffice.

問題1選項

A.launched

B.commenced

C.inaugurated

D.initiated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。launch意為“發(fā)射”；commence意為“開始，著手”；inaugurate意為“為（某人）舉行就職典禮，啟動，開創(chuàng)”；initiate意為“開始，發(fā)起”。

句意：大學副校長就職典禮一旦舉行，他就開始了任期。

15.單選題

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

問題1選項

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】考查比較級。even,still修飾表示級，意為“更……”，little的比較級為less，因此選B。

句意：他數(shù)學懂得很少，化學懂得更少了。

16.問答題

Inthesedays,withtherisingcostoflife(A),itis(B)dangerousfor(C)amarriedmantoriskhisplaceinhisprofessionorinhiscommunity(D).

【答案】試題答案：A;costofliving

【解析】考查名詞辨析。life意為“生活，生命”，強調(diào)生活的狀態(tài)；living意為“生活，生計，謀生”，強調(diào)生計，costofliving意為“生活成本”。

17.問答題

Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).

【答案】試題答案：B;tolive

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodosth.意為“更喜歡做某事”。

18.單選題

Alotofsmallchildrenoften（

）whyairplanecanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

問題1選項

A.assure

B.wonder

C.anticipate

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。assure意為“向……保證”；wonder意為“想知道，好奇”；anticipate意為“預料，預期”；assume意為“假定，認為”。

句意：很多小孩經(jīng)常好奇為什么飛機可以像鳥兒一樣飛行，而我們?nèi)祟惒恍小?/p>

19.單選題

Heseemstobe（

）enoughtoclimbtothemountaintopinanhour.

問題1選項

A.radiant

B.conscientious

C.conspicuous

D.energetic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。radiant意為“光芒四射的，輻射的”；conscientious意為“認真負責的”；conspicuous意為“明顯的”；energetic意為“精力充沛的，充滿活力的”。

句意：他似乎精力充沛，能夠在一小時內(nèi)爬上山頂。

20.單選題

Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme（

）shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.

問題1選項

A.eversince

B.muchas

C.eventhough

D.ifonly

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。eversince意為“自從”；muchas意為“盡管，雖然”；eventhough意為“即使，縱然”；ifonly意為“只要”。

句意：那個在借記臺的年長的圖書管理員答應我，只要她記得誰最后借了這本書，就會把書給我。

21.單選題

Everythingintheshopistooexpensive;Iwon'tpay$200forthefurcoatbecauseitisnotworth（

）.

問題1選項

A.allthatmuch

B.thatmuchall

C.thatallmuch

D.muchallthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查限定詞詞序。限定詞的排序：前位限定詞（指量限定詞all，both，half等；倍數(shù)詞、分數(shù)詞等）+中位限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格）+后位限定詞（序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞，數(shù)量詞及短語many，much，little，few，plentyof，alotof）。

句意：商店里的東西都太貴了；我不會付200美元買這件毛皮大衣，因為它根本不值這么多錢。

22.單選題

Heisholdinga（

）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

問題1選項

A.successive

B.succeeding

C.subordinate

D.subsequent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。successive意為“連續(xù)的，相繼的”；succeeding意為“以后的，隨后的”；subordinate意為“級別或職位較低的”；subsequent意為“后來的”。

句意：他在公司正處于一個低級的職位，他期望能很快晉升。

23.單選題

JimFixhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoon_51_thebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbookTheCompleteBookofRunningwaspublished.Hisbook_52_millionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows.Hepraisedthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowit_53_andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswas_54_thatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupporters_55_thattherealcauseofFix’sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfather_56aheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFix’sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.

“Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,”_57_heartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.“The_58_canbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,_59_iftheyrunmarathons._60_,thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.”

問題1選項

A.praised

B.favored

C.reaped

D.applied

問題2選項

A.inspired

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題3選項

A.compatibly

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題4選項

A.endurance

B.evidence

C.supplement

D.allowance

問題5選項

A.rewrote

B.revised

C.reversed

D.revealed

問題6選項

A.obtained

B.sustained

C.suffered

D.surpassed

問題7選項

A.acknowledges

B.pledges

C.communicates

D.apologizes

問題8選項

A.consequence

B.impact

C.weight

D.press

問題9選項

A.explicitly

B.particularly

C.commonly

D.singularly

問題10選項

A.However

B.Furthermore

C.Moreover

D.Also

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】51.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面句意“JimFix在20世紀60年代開始跑步時，曾是一名煙民，體重214磅”和后面句意“他的體重減少了60磅”可知此處表示跑步帶來的好處，因此填reap（取得（成果），收獲）。

52.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面可知JimFix在出版書時，通過跑步體重減少了60磅，這是一件正面積極的事，可知此處表示他的書鼓勵了其他人，因此選A。

53.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后的andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy（并提高人的平均壽命）可知D選項最為恰當，表示“運動是怎樣回報人的，以及增加人均壽命”。

54.考查名詞辨析。endurance意為“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意為“證據(jù)，跡象”；supplement意為“補充”；allowance意為“津貼，補貼”。此處表示很多反對他的人說他的死是證明跑步有害的證據(jù)，因此選B。

55.考查動詞辨析。rewrite意為“重寫，改寫”；revise意為“修改（意見或計劃），修訂（書刊）”；reverse意為“顛倒，使反轉(zhuǎn)”；reveal意為“揭示，顯示”。此處表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心臟病”，因此選D。

56.考查動詞辨析。obtain意為“獲得，得到”；sustain意為“維持，保持”；suffer意為“遭受”；surpass意為“超過”。此處表示“他的父親在35歲時遭受心臟病”，因此選C。

57.考查動詞辨析。acknowledge意為“承認”；pledge意為“保證，誓言”；communicate意為“溝通，交流”；apologize意為“道歉，認錯”。此處表示“PaulThomas承認跑步的不足之處”，因此選A。

58.考查名詞辨析。consequence意為“結(jié)果，成果”；impact意為“影響”；weight意為“重量”；press意為“壓，按”。此處表示“對膝蓋的影響會比較大”，因此選B。

59.考查副詞辨析。explicitly意為“明白地，明確地”；particularly意為“特別，尤其”；commonly意為“通常地”；singularly意為“非常地”。此處表示“跑步的人在訓練中的風險更大，尤其是如果他們跑馬拉松的話”，因此選B。

60.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由空格后的thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad（對于跑步者來說，這個消息并不全是壞消息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之處，可知此處表示對比，因此選A，however意為“然而”，可表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

24.單選題

Heusually（

）hisemotionsandappearscalm.

問題1選項

A.holdsup

B.holdsback

C.holdson

D.holdstight

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。holdup意為“舉起”；holdback意為“退縮，忍住，抑制住”；holdon意為“等一下，堅持不懈，握住”；holdtight意為“抓緊，抓牢，暫不行動”。

句意：他通常會控制自己的情緒，表現(xiàn)得很平靜。

25.問答題

Hearguesthathewouldnotwant(A)hischildrenhavetosuffer(B)hardshipornotbe(C)sociallyacceptablebecauseoflackofmoney(D).

【答案】試題答案：B;tohavetosuffer

【解析】考查固定句型。wantsb.todosth.為固定搭配，意為“想要某人做某事”。

26.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。heave意為“舉起”；raise意為“提升，提高”；a