2023屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解高頻易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(一)學(xué)案(含答案)_第1頁(yè)
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2023屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解高頻易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(一)學(xué)案(含答案)_第3頁(yè)
2023屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解高頻易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(一)學(xué)案(含答案)_第4頁(yè)
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學(xué)科特色高頻易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(一)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1完形填空不知熟詞生義、課標(biāo)生僻詞詞義而錯(cuò)選在高考英語(yǔ)中,完形填空這一題型注重考查考生在特定情境下理解詞匯的能力?!镀胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》詞匯表中已經(jīng)不再標(biāo)注單詞的詞性和中文釋義,也沒(méi)有列出詞組和短語(yǔ),這對(duì)考生提出了更高的要求。完形填空中考生容易遇到的詞匯問(wèn)題主要有熟詞生義不理解、一詞多義理不清、課標(biāo)生僻詞不熟悉、課標(biāo)派生詞不認(rèn)識(shí)。1.熟詞生義不理解高考可能考查詞匯表中單詞的任何含義,尤其是一些對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)很熟悉的詞的陌生含義,如:Seeingherlittlesisternotgoingfastenough,myolderdaughtersaid,"Youareso10(slow)."Whentheolderonecrossedherownarms,itdawnedonmethatherannoyedlook11thatofmine.Isawthedamagemyhurriedexistencewasdoingto12(both)ofmychildren.11.A.silencedB.contradictedC.mirroredD.encouragedmirror除了表示"鏡子",還有"反映"的意思,此處表示,看到妹妹走得不夠快時(shí),大女兒對(duì)妹妹的指責(zé)以及惱怒的表情反映出作者的樣子。熟詞有新義,做題多分析。在解題過(guò)程中,很多考生在發(fā)現(xiàn)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的基本含義都不符合語(yǔ)境后,就不知所措或者隨便選擇一個(gè)選項(xiàng),這樣做很容易選錯(cuò)??忌趥淇紩r(shí)應(yīng)注意積累高頻詞的生僻義項(xiàng),擴(kuò)充詞匯量,避免高考時(shí)因不了解單詞的含義而選錯(cuò)。2.一詞多義理不清有些單詞的含義比較多,在不同語(yǔ)境中可以表示不同的含義。如果考生在記憶單詞時(shí)只關(guān)注單詞的拼寫(xiě)和義項(xiàng),就可能無(wú)法在具體語(yǔ)境中分辨出單詞的具體含義,如:Mymotheris92.UnlessIhavetobeoutoftown,eachweekItakemymothertodoher36(shopping)andvisitthedoctor,providing37andtransportation.37.A.rewardB.medicineC.companyD.sheltercompany的含義較多,可表示"公司;劇團(tuán);陪伴;來(lái)賓"。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)可知,作者的母親已經(jīng)92歲了,出門(mén)需要有人陪伴??忌谟龅蕉嗔x詞時(shí)要結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析和判斷。備考時(shí),不能只關(guān)注義項(xiàng),還要配以例句,在具休的語(yǔ)境中理解、記憶,加強(qiáng)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的針對(duì)性。3.課標(biāo)生僻詞不熟悉《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》詞匯表中有一些較為生僻的單詞也是需要考生掌握的,而考生在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中很少遇到,因此考生常會(huì)因?yàn)椴皇煜に鼈兌x擇錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),如;I'dneverpublishedanythingbefore,butIwantedtohavea51(try).Iwroteafewpieces.Mostamateurswould52(approach)smallerpublications(出版物),butIsentthemtothebigger,well-knownones.Afterseveralnon-responsesand53,myeffortspaidoff.A.recreationsB.restrictionsC.rejectionsD.regulations所填詞和non-responses并列,掌握四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義就可以確定rejection"拒絕"符合語(yǔ)境。儲(chǔ)備足夠的詞語(yǔ)、準(zhǔn)確理解并掌握詞語(yǔ)的詞性和含義有助于正確理解語(yǔ)篇含義、選擇正確選項(xiàng)。課標(biāo)詞匯中較為生僻的單詞以及由課標(biāo)詞組成的較生僻的短語(yǔ)也逐漸出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中(如本題中的recreation"娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)",restriction"限制",regulation"條例,規(guī)則")。考生在備考時(shí)要對(duì)照課標(biāo)詞匯表查漏補(bǔ)缺,做到課標(biāo)詞匯無(wú)遺漏。4.課標(biāo)派生詞不認(rèn)識(shí)高考完形填空中的選項(xiàng)不僅涉及課標(biāo)詞,還涉及由課標(biāo)詞派生、合成而來(lái)的詞,這些詞往往會(huì)給考生解題造成較大障礙,如:Getting56(unemployed)wasalife-alteringexperienceformethatcouldhavebeen57.I'llbethefirsttoadmitthatitwasdifficultto58(getthrough).A.disastrousB.invalidC.ridiculousD.meaningless本題選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了較多的派生詞(A、B、D項(xiàng)),考生若不能利用構(gòu)詞法分析出這些單詞的含義,就很難正確作答。disaster(災(zāi)難)+-ous(有……性質(zhì)的)→disastrous災(zāi)難性的,in-(不)+valid(有效的)→invalid(無(wú)效的),meaning(意義)+-less(無(wú)……的)→meaningless(毫無(wú)意義的)。根據(jù)"alife-alteringexperience"和"itwasdifficultto58(getthrough)"可知,此處應(yīng)表示"有困難的",因此disastrous"災(zāi)難性的"符合語(yǔ)境。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2閱讀理解,分析不清長(zhǎng)難句而錯(cuò)選高考閱讀理解中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)難句,長(zhǎng)難句的用詞、結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜,這會(huì)對(duì)考生理解句意造成一定障礙。常見(jiàn)的長(zhǎng)難句情況可以概括為"三長(zhǎng)兩短一并列"。"三長(zhǎng)"指的是最常見(jiàn)的三種修飾成分:介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))和從句;"兩短"則指的是形容詞和副詞;”一并列”指的是利用一些起并列作用的詞,如and,or,aswellas,alongwith等,將句子變長(zhǎng)、變復(fù)雜。除此之外,同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、省略句以及從句的嵌套也會(huì)加大句意理解的難度。調(diào)研閱該下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Anewsurveymethodisinventedtocountwildspecies.Africanelephantsarethefirstanimalstobesuccessfullycountedfromspacewhilemovingthroughacomplicatedlandscapethatrangesfromopengrassestoforests.Typically,conservationistsdothiswithlow-flyingplanesinordertocountandmonitorAfricanelephants,amethodthattakesmanyhours.Withthenewtechniquethatcombinessatelliteimagerywithartificialintelligence,upto3,100squaremilescanbesurveyedonasinglesunnydayinminutes.Then,thedeep-learningcomputeranalyzesthoseimagesandpicksoutindividualelephants.Thenewtechniqueisakeypartofensuringthesurvivaloftheendangeredspecies.Duetoillegalhuntingandhabitatdestruction,just415,000Africanelephantsarelivinginthewild."Accuratemonitoringisessentialifwe'retosavethespecies,"saidOlgaIsupova,acomputerscientistattheUniversityofBathintheUK."Weneedtoknowwheretheanimalsareandhowmanythereare."Whatreallymakesthisstudystandapartfromothersatellite-trackingprojectsishowsuccessfulthecomputerprogramisatpicking.outtheelephantsfromtheircomplexbackgrounds,includinggrasslandsandpartiallytree-coveredlandscapes.Satelliteimageryisalsoamuchmoreefficientsurveymethodthanthecurrentflyoversurveyscarriedout,whichisfasterandavoidsdouble-countingthesameelephants.Theremotesurveyalsoreducestheimpactresearchershaveontheanimalsandallowsthemtocountindividualsmovingbetweencountries."Althoughthisisaproofofconcept,it’sreadytogo,"saidpossessorDuporge,azoologistattheOxfordUniversity."Andconservationorganizationsarealreadyinterestedinusingthistoreplacesurveyswhereaircraftareused.Assatelliteimagingimproves,othersmallerspeciesmaysoonbeabletobecountedingreaterdetailfromspacetoo."1.Whatareusedinthenewstudymethod?A.Alandsurveys.B.SatellitesandaircraftC.Planesandcomputers.D.Satellitesandcomputers.2.WhatleadstothereductionofwildAfricanelephants?A.Climatechange.B.Humanactivities.C.Environmentthreat.D.Socialimprovement.3.Whatistheadvantageofthenewmethodcomparedtotheold?A.Lessmoney.B.MoreaccurateC.Lessworkers.D.Socialimprovement.4.WhatisDuporge'sattitudetowardsthenewmethod?A.Worried.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Optimistic.試題分析1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第二段中的Withthenewtechniquethatcombinessatelliteimagerywithartificialintelligence,upto3,100squaremilescanbesurveyedonasinglesunnydayinminutes.Then,thedeep-learningcomputeranalyzesthoseimagesandpicksoutindividualelephants"可知,通過(guò)將衛(wèi)星圖像與人工智能相結(jié)合的新技術(shù),在一個(gè)陽(yáng)光明媚的日子里人們可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)探測(cè)多達(dá)3100平方英里的區(qū)域;然后深度學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)分析那些圖像并識(shí)別出每個(gè)大象(來(lái)計(jì)數(shù))。由此可知,新的研究方法使用了衛(wèi)星和計(jì)算機(jī)。2.C根據(jù)第三段中的“Duetoillegalhuntingandhabitatdestruction,just415,000Africanelephantsarelivinginthewild"可知,造成野生非洲象數(shù)量下降的原因是非法捕獵和棲息地的破壞,這兩者都屬于生活環(huán)境威脅。【易錯(cuò)】本題考生易想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為非法捕獵和栝息地的破壞都是人類(lèi)活動(dòng)而錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng)。棲息地的破壞不一定是人類(lèi)造成的,也可能是自然界白身的變化,故B項(xiàng)犯了以偏概全的錯(cuò)誤。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Whatreallymakesthisstudystandapartfromothersatellite-trackingprojectsishowsuccessfulthecomputerprogramisatpickingouttheelephantsfromtheircomplexbackgrounds"可知,這項(xiàng)研究與其他衛(wèi)星跟蹤項(xiàng)目的真正區(qū)別在于,計(jì)算機(jī)程序在從復(fù)雜的背景中識(shí)別出大象方面是多么成功。由此可知,這個(gè)新的研究方法與以往的研究方法相比,優(yōu)勢(shì)是更加精準(zhǔn)。4.D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Assatelliteimagingimproves,othersmallerspeciesmaysoonbeabletobecountedingreaterdetailfromspacetoo"可知,Duporge認(rèn)為,隨著衛(wèi)星成像技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,其他較小的物種可能很快也能被從太空中計(jì)數(shù)。由此可知,Duporge對(duì)于這個(gè)新的研究方法的態(tài)度是樂(lè)觀的。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥準(zhǔn)確分析長(zhǎng)難句的方法1.去繁存簡(jiǎn)抓主干:句子無(wú)論多長(zhǎng)、結(jié)構(gòu)多么復(fù)雜,都是由一些基本成分組成的。所以,突破長(zhǎng)難句的關(guān)鍵在于找到句子的主干,然后再分析其他成分。2.連詞斷句劃意群:運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí),利用連接詞等的提示作用,考生可以把長(zhǎng)句子分解成若干意群,降低理解難度。3.巧做標(biāo)記調(diào)語(yǔ)序:根據(jù)意群,用一些符號(hào),如小括號(hào)、中括號(hào)、箭頭等標(biāo)記出句子的各個(gè)部分,這樣可以幫助考生厘清句子各部分間的關(guān)系。同時(shí)考生需要注意英漢的語(yǔ)言差異,合理調(diào)整語(yǔ)序,這樣才能準(zhǔn)確理解句意。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3閱讀理解·受語(yǔ)義邏輯干擾而錯(cuò)選閱瀆理解的文章往往圍繞一個(gè)主題展開(kāi),句與句之間,甚至段落與段落之間通管在在一定的聯(lián)系,考生可以利用語(yǔ)義邏輯來(lái)解題;但同時(shí)也要避免受語(yǔ)義邏輯的干擾,斷章取義,造成誤選。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥在閱讀理解的選項(xiàng)中,有些干擾項(xiàng)的表達(dá)與原文的吻合程度較高,僅有一兩個(gè)詞原文中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)或者關(guān)鍵的詞匯和原文不一致,偷換了動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者、動(dòng)作的承受者、動(dòng)作本身或語(yǔ)義等,從而給考生造成錯(cuò)覺(jué),讓考生認(rèn)為這樣的選項(xiàng)是正確的。針對(duì)此類(lèi)選項(xiàng),考生在解題時(shí)要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位,回到原文,認(rèn)真分析原文相關(guān)語(yǔ)句,斟詞酌句,再仔細(xì)對(duì)比選項(xiàng),去偽存真。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥閱讀理解題目涉及邏輯關(guān)系時(shí),選項(xiàng)中往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)邏輯混亂的干擾項(xiàng),如把本沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系的兩件事扯在一起,或者是把原因和結(jié)果的關(guān)系倒置。對(duì)這種邏輯性比較強(qiáng)的、有因果關(guān)系的題目,考生在做題時(shí)要仔細(xì)推敲,理順邏輯,分清因果。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4閱讀理解分不清觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)而選錯(cuò)閱讀理解推理判斷題設(shè)置選項(xiàng)時(shí),常常會(huì)設(shè)置一些與原文內(nèi)容一致的選項(xiàng),這些選項(xiàng)是文章描述的事實(shí),但并不是推理得出的觀點(diǎn),部分考生常常因?yàn)榉植磺逵^點(diǎn)和事實(shí)而誤選。調(diào)研閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Somethingstrangehasbeenhappeningtomelately:WomeninthestreethavebeentellingmeI'mbrave.Myactofcourageisn’tmuch—Ijuststoppedcoloringmyhair.IhadbrownhairthatstartedgoinggraywhenIwas30.So,likealotofwomen,Istarteddyeing(染)it."Itwasexpensiveandtime-consuming.Andmyhairgrewfast,soIneededtogobackthehairsalon(美發(fā)廳)every5weeks.Manypeopleseemtoenjoyholdingontotheiryouthforaslongaspossible,givingtheimpressionthattheydon'thavemuchwisdomormanyaccomplishments.Butourhairstartstotumgrayandsuddenlywestarspendings500ormoreayeartocoversomethingourmalecolleaguesdon'tneedtocover.Ofcourse,peopleshoulddowhatheywantwithheirownbody—mymotheris91andstillhas"blond"hair,andwhynot?IjustwishmoreofuswouldfeelthatitwasOKtobeourselves,becausegoinggrayhasdonemoreformethansavingmetimeandmoney.Ilikemynaturalhair,justasitis.Ilikehowithasgotcurlyandfullagain.Itisrecoveringafteryearsofbeingdamagedbychemicals.Ialsolikethatithasgivenmesomeneededattitudeinasocietythatmakesyouthseemsoimportant,whilebeingagainstmaturity.ItremindsmethatI'mnotakidanymore—andthisisn'tabadthing.NotbeingakidanymoremeansIreadthebooksIwant,andnotthebooksIfeelIshouldread.ItmeansnotwastingmytimeateventsIdon'tneedtoattendwhenI'dratherbewithmyfamilyandfriends.WhenIseemyhairinhemirror,itsareminderthatmytimeislimited,andIshallspenditdoingwhatmatters.There'snothingshamefulaboutgrowingolder.Andpretendingitnothappeningisawayofgivingupourright.Iseemygrayhairasasmallactofrebellion(反叛)againsttheideathatpeoplelosevalueastheyage,insteadofgainingit.Iseegrayhairasmy"flag"andI'mlettingitflyproudly.1.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutcoloringhair?A.Itshowspeople'sgreatcourage.B.ItisagoodwaytoholdontoyouthC.ItshowswisdomandaccomplishmentsD.Itisnotworththetimeandmoneyspentonit.2.Whatshouldwedowhenwegrowoldaccordingtotheauthor?A.Giveupourpower.B.Pretendtobestillyoung.C.Acceptitandactpositively.D.Readasmanybooksaspossible.3.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainwhyyouthisvalued.B.Toshareheropinionongrowingold.C.Tostresstheimportanceofdifferentattitudes.D.Toanalyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofaging.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthep

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