2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號35

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Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

問題1選項

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項integrity“完整；正直；誠實；廉正”；B選項instinct“本能；直覺；天性”；C選項intensity“強度；強烈”；D選項insanity“瘋狂；精神錯亂；愚頑”。句意：這位市長是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我們的政治和財政援助。根據(jù)句意，A選項正確。

2.單選題

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwage-workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen,Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTenderthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtoTender,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhad

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthepassage?

4.Whatdoestheword“tantalizing”(Line2,Para.2)probablymean?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

問題1選項

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.correctamisconceptionaboutfeministtheory

問題2選項

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

問題3選項

A.Achronologicalaccountofahistoricaldevelopmentispresented,andthenfuturedevelopmentsarepredicted.

B.Atermisdefinedaccordingtoseveraldifferentschoolsofthought,andthenanewdefinitionisformulated.

C.Atheoryispresented,analternativeviewpointisintroduced,andthenthereasoningbehindtheinitialtheoryissummarized.

D.Atentativeproposalismade,reasonsforandagainstitareweighed,andthenamodifiedversionoftheproposalisoffered.

問題4選項

A.tempting

B.annoying

C.dubious

D.formal

問題5選項

A.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章主旨句，在最后一段“Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.”，中文翻譯為：盡管提出了重要的問題，但是Eisenstein的文章沒有提供確切的答案，它仍需要其他人去接受這些問題提供的挑戰(zhàn)?？梢耘袛嘀挥蠦項“評估了研究女人的一種方法”正確。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文大意為：Eisenstein認為世紀之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒絕她所謂的占主導地位的“家庭生活意識形態(tài)”，相反，她們接受這種意識形態(tài)和其他可用的意識形態(tài)，如女權主義、社會主義和工會主義，并且根據(jù)她們自己的經(jīng)歷和需要來修改或改編這些意識形態(tài)。D選項“她們接受了一些，而不是占主導地位的意識形態(tài)的所有方面”正確，符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞可定位到原文首段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant‘ideologyofdomesticity,’butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文翻譯為：Eisenstein認為世紀之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒絕她所謂的占主導地位的“家庭生活意識形態(tài)”，相反，她們接受這種意識形態(tài)和其他可用的意識形態(tài)，如女權主義、社會主義和工會主義，并且根據(jù)她們自己的經(jīng)歷和需要來修改或改編這些意識形態(tài)，以及“...Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTender…”中文翻譯為：在一定程度上，Eisenstein質疑LeslieTender……最近提出的有爭議的提議，判斷C選項“提出一種理論，引出一種互斥的觀點，然后總結第一個理論背后的推理”，正確。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:tempting“吸引人的”；B:annoying“討厭的；惱人的”；C:dubious“可疑的；曖昧的；無把握的；半信半疑的”；D:formal“正式的；拘謹?shù)?；有條理的”。題干關鍵詞“tantalizing”意為：誘人的。故選A。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段“Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.”中文翻譯為：她（即Eisenstein）使用自己承認遠非代表人物的改革者和勞工組織的發(fā)言和作品來充當?shù)湫偷呐怨ぷ髡叩穆曇?。因此B選項“分析世紀之交的典型女性工薪階層所寫的信和日記”符合題意。

3.單選題

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

問題2選項

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

問題4選項

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

問題5選項

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻譯為：官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字有點令人氣餒。故選A“沒有看上去那么好”。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻譯：正如財政部長說的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”?？芍罴汛鸢笧锽選項“低于商人的預期”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻譯：商人們認為自己主持著生產(chǎn)力革命，但是要確定是否確有其事卻更加困難，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾。可以推斷出答案選擇B“他認為生產(chǎn)力革命并未奏效”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打擾的：心煩意亂的”；C:moreinsensible“更無動于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾，推測出blunter有“更直率的”含義，故選D。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)B選項“組織工作場所的新方法可以幫助提高生產(chǎn)力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻譯為：組織工作場所的新方法——所有那些重新設計和縮小規(guī)模的做法——只是對一個經(jīng)濟的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一個方面的貢獻……，根據(jù)C選項“降低成本并不能保證帶來長期利潤”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻譯為：他的同事，邁克?比爾說，太多的公司已用機械的方式進行重組，在沒有充分考慮到長期贏利能力的情況下降低了成本。根據(jù)D選項“打通新市場可能增加公司的利潤率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻譯為：另外，公司的大部分改革都是為了贏利，而這種需求并不總是意味著提高生產(chǎn)力：轉向新的市場或改善產(chǎn)品質量也會有同樣的功效。只有A選項未在文中提及，符合題意。

4.單選題

Absorbedinherwork,shewastotally（）hersurroundings.

問題1選項

A.liablefor

B.obliviousof

C.competitivewith

D.ingeniousat

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項liablefor“對……有責任”；B選項obliviousof“未覺察”；C選項competitivewith“可與……競爭”；D選項ingeniousat“善于”。句意：她沉迷于自己的工作中，完全沒有覺察到周圍的事物。結合句意，B選項正確。

5.單選題

Thoughseriouslydamagedbyafire,theancientmansionwaseventually（）toitsoriginalsplendor.

問題1選項

A.repaired

B.renewed

C.restored

D.renovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項repair“修理；補救，糾正”；B選項renew“使更新；續(xù)借；續(xù)費”；C選項restore“恢復；修復；歸還”；D選項renovate“更新；革新；刷新”。句意：盡管被一場火災嚴重損壞，但這個古老的宅第最后被恢復到了它原來的壯麗。結合此處語境，C選項正確。

6.單選題

Manynewspaperscommentedonthegovernment’s（）measurestobringdownthepriceofwheat,rice,sugar,andotheressentialcommodities.

問題1選項

A.feeble

B.limp

C.fragile

D.disabled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項feeble“無效的；微弱的；虛弱的”；B選項limp“（性格）軟弱的；柔軟的，無生氣的”；C選項fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D選項disabled“殘廢的，有缺陷的”。句意：對于政府壓低小麥、大米、糖和其他必需品價格的無效措施，很多報紙進行了評論。結合此處語境，可知A選項正確。

7.單選題

Aswithanysubject,peoplelearnfasterwhenconcentrationishighandwe’reactivelyinterestedinlearning.Beinginterestedandrelaxedhelpstoo.Inintenselyverbalcoursestheteachersaremosteffectivewhentheyactasafacilitator.Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation,whichhelpsstudentstoactivelyparticipateinthelessonandplanandimplementeffective,complementaryhomestudyprograms.Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself“UnderPressure”inthewaysmentionedabove.Ofcoursethisrequiresthatstudentsunderstandthetypesofpressuretheyshouldtakeuponthemselvesandwhentobackoff.Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.

Inthetypicalactivelyverballanguageclass,understandingoftheprocessesneededforeffectivelanguageacquisitionisnecessarilyinferredbythestudents.Communicatingclearlywitheveryoneintheclassisdifficultenough,sotalkingaboutwhyanactivityisusefulisquitelikelytoconfuseandbemuseratherthanenlightenstudentsinalanguagecourse.Forthisreasontransparent,open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoalsformthefoundationofanyintenselyverbalcourse.Inotherwords,shortdemonstrationsarefollowedbypairandgroupworkdoingthedemonstratedactivityanditisuptothestudentstomakesuretheyinvolvethemselveswhiletheteacheristryingtotargettheactivitiessotheyareappropriate,allowingthestudentstodiscoverforthemselveswaysinwhichtheactivityhelpsachievetheirlanguagetarget.Makingactivitiesappropriateisthekey,meaningthatstudentsshouldbeabletoquicklyrealizethattheycanvaryandextendwhattheyaredoing—thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.

1.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorhasmostprobablytalkedaboutpreviously,accordingtothepassage?

2.Whenteachersarementionedtoactasafacilitator,theyshouldbeacting（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoyouthinkthatthewriterwillagreeto?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothewriterofthispassage?

5.Whatdoestheword“transparent”(Para.2,line4)mean?

問題1選項

A.Howtolearnfasterthanothers.

B.Howtodealwithpressure.

C.Whattodowithinterestingsubject.

D.Howtorelaxoneselfwhilestudying.

問題2選項

A.easily

B.familiarly

C.fast

D.helpfully

問題3選項

A.Weshouldnotexertpressureuponourselves,ifpossible.

B.Imposedpressureandself-imposedpressureareappropriate.

C.Imposedpressuremaynotbehelpfulinlearningthings.

D.Adultsaswellaschildrenneedcertainpressurefromoutside.

問題4選項

A.Studentsshouldlearnverballybythemselvesinclass.

B.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtofollowexamples.

C.Studentsshouldunderstandallthedemonstrations.

D.Studentsshouldtargettheiractivitiesandachievethem.

問題5選項

A.opaque

B.unmistakable

C.vague

D.questionable

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章首段中“Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself‘UnderPressure’inthewaysmentionedabove.”，中文翻譯為：學生負責通過上面提及的方式來讓自己處在壓力下。可知B選項“如何應對壓力”正確。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation”，中文翻譯為：老師的主要任務是抓住學生的注意力，幫助確保學習活動是有趣的和提供背景信息?？芍?，D項“有用地”正確。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段中“Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.”中文翻譯為：我猜想，被強加的壓力在質量上與自我施加的壓力不同，且對成年和兒童學習者都合適的是后者。因此C選項“被強加的壓力在學習東西上可能是沒有幫助的”正確。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第一段中“…thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.”中文翻譯為：這個例子是一個起點，不是一個指定的模式，而是一個可行的起點，它向他們（即學生）指明了探索的方向?？梢缘弥狟選項“學生應該被鼓勵去跟隨例子”正確。

5.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:opaque“不透明的”；B:unmistakable“透明的；顯然的；坦率的；易懂的”；C:vague“模糊的；不明確的；曖昧的”；D:questionable“可疑的；有問題的”。對應原文倒數(shù)第一段中“open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoals”，中文翻譯為：有著清楚的任務目標的開放式活動。因此可以推測出B選項正確。

8.單選題

Mostactsof（）involvethinningouttheanimalpopulationincertainareasofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.malcontent

B.pander

C.peccadillo

D.depredation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項malcontent“不滿現(xiàn)狀的人；反抗者”；B選項pander“慫恿者；拉皮條者”；C選項peccadillo“輕罪；小過失；小瑕疵”；D選項depredation“掠奪；破壞，破壞痕跡”。句意：大多數(shù)掠奪行為使這個國家某些地區(qū)的動物數(shù)量變少。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

9.單選題

Itishardtopredictthecompany’sfutureatthis（）.

問題1選項

A.juncture

B.junction

C.jungle

D.junk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthisjuncture“在此時；值此之際”。句意：在此時難以預測這家公司的未來。A選項正確。

10.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動關系，應使用過去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯誤，應是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語，對其進行解釋說明，因此professor前面應有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。本句是if引導的條件狀語從句，主語的謂語動詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對現(xiàn)在時間的虛擬，從句的動詞應用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境和句意，此處應該用主動語態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

11.單選題

PoorWilliamsisinhospitalagain.Theunluckyfellowseems（）toaccidents.

問題1選項

A.prone

B.destined

C.bound

D.disposed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項prone“俯臥的；有……傾向的，易于……的”；B選項destined“注定的；命定的”；C選項bound“有義務的；必定的；受約束的”；D選項disposed“有……傾向的；打算做……的”。句意：可憐的威廉再次住院。這個不幸的家伙看上去易于遭受事故。結合句意可知A選項正確。

12.單選題

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.Butwhat’sthevalueoftraditionifit’skeptaliveself-consciously,forprofit,andbearslittlerelationtoreallife—which,today,acrosstheworld,growsevermoreuniform?Hencethedismissivereferencesto“humanzoos,”“airportart”andthetrinketizationofcultures.ThesearequestionsthatapplyasmuchtofoxhuntinginBritainandCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroastoso-calledcannibaltoursinThailand.What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.

Partoftheproblemisthattourismiscolonialisminanotherguise—economicratherthanpolitical.Henceitrubshardagainstthegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.Buttherearealsosomeprofoundandoftenirreconcilabledifferencesinperception.

Whatmakespeoplewanttotravel?Theshortanswercentersontheconceptofescape.AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause“theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive.Theyfeelthemonotonyofthedailyroutine,thecoldrationalityoffactories,offices,apartmentblocksandtransport,shrinkinghumancontact...thelossofnatureandnaturalness.”MacCannellarguesthatmasstourismisaproductofthe“mostdepersonalized”epochinhistory.Well,maybe.It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.It’sprobablyalsotruethatwhatwecasuallyrefertoasthe“pressuresofdailylife”―work,family,commuting—aremoreintense,insomerespects,thaneverbefore.Yetpeoplehavealwaysfeltadesireforsomethingmorethantheirliferoutinelyofferthem—something,well,different.It’spartlybecausehumansarenaturallyinquisitiveandexploratorybutalso,andmoresignificant,becauseweneedtheunknown,whathistoriansofreligioncall“otherness,”tolendourlivessignificance.Soweconceiveofidealworlds—Paradise,theGoldenAge,Heaven,Atlantis,andShangri-La—anddream,sometimes,ofattainingthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,（）

3.Peopletravelbecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問題1選項

A.tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems

B.tourismposesaseriousthreattopeople’smentalsystem

C.tourismblocksaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife

D.tourisminevitablybringsitshabitsandexpectationstoits“consumers”

問題2選項

A.tourismcanstrengthenlocalcultures.

B.tourismcanencourageanawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.

C.tourisminonewayoranother,changestradition,particularlyintheThirdWorld.

D.tourismcanpromotethegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.

問題3選項

A.theyfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

B.theydonotfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

C.theyfeelsickofthepeopleinthecommunity

D.theywanttoescapefromtheplacewheretheyliveandworkduetounhappiness

問題4選項

A.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

B.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinbigcities.

C.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavemuchmorepressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

D.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavelesspressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinbigcities.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由A選項可以定位到文章中“Tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems...”，中文翻譯為：旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)嚴重損害了脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。可知A選項正確；文章中沒有涉及B選項；由C選項“旅游業(yè)阻礙了瀕危野生動物產(chǎn)品的繁榮和非法貿(mào)易”可以定位到文章中“Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife...”，中文翻譯為旅游業(yè)助長了貿(mào)易蓬勃發(fā)展，而通常是非法的貿(mào)易，可知C選項錯誤，與文章意思相反；根據(jù)原文“Its‘consumers’inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.”，中文翻譯為：“消費者”不可避免地帶來他們的習慣和期望——無論是熱水淋浴和沖洗廁所或為高爾夫球手提供澆灌的綠地?？梢缘弥狣選項“旅游不可避免地給消費者帶來其習慣和期望”