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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Operationswhichleftpatients(
)andinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.exhausted
B.abandoned
C.injured
D.deserted
【答案】A
【解析】形容詞辨析題。exhausted精疲力盡的;abandoned被拋棄的;injured受傷的;deserted荒蕪的,被遺棄的。
句意:過(guò)去手術(shù)使病人精疲力盡,需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間來(lái)恢復(fù),現(xiàn)在手術(shù)使他們感到放松和舒適。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。
2.單選題
Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyour(
)job,onnoaccountmustyoubenegative.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.current
B.contemporary
C.occasional
D.universal
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。current意為“目前的,當(dāng)前的,現(xiàn)在的”;contemporary意為“當(dāng)代的,現(xiàn)代的”;occasional意為“偶爾的,不經(jīng)常的”;universal意為“普遍的,一般的”。
句意:當(dāng)被問(wèn)到你對(duì)當(dāng)前工作的看法時(shí),你決不能消極。
3.單選題
RussianandNorwegianscientistshavereportedfindingstoneobjectsandanimalbonesinthefarnorthofEuropeanRussia.Thescientistssaytheobjectsprovidethefirstevidencethatancienthunterslivedintheareamorethan30thousandyearsago.Theysaythisisatleast15thousandyearsearlierthanexpertshadthought.
TheRussianandNorwegianteamworkedatacampalongtheUsaRiverandtheArcticCircle.Thescientistssaytheyfoundseveralancientstonetools.Theyalsofound123bonesfromanimalssuchashorses,reindeerandwolves.
Thescientistssaytheirmostimportantdiscoverywasatuskfromanancientelephantcalledamammoth(猛碼).Thehuge,curvedtoothwasmorethan1meterlong.Thetuskiscoveredwithsmallcuts.Thescientistsbelievehumansmadethemarkswithsharp-edgedstonetools.
Thescientistsusedaprocessknownasradiocarbon(放射性碳)datingtomeasuretheageofthetusk.Radiocarbondatingshowsthelevelofaradioactiveformofcarboninasubstance.Thetestsshowedthetuskisabout36thousandyearsold.
Thescientistssaytheyarenotsurewhatkindofhumansleftthestoneobjectsandbonesalongtheriver.TheysaidthepeoplewereeitherearlyhumanscalledNeanderthals(穴居人)ormodernhumans.
ModemhumansspreadthroughEuropeandAsia30thousandyearsago.Thescientistssaytheancientpeopleneededahighlevelofsocialdevelopmenttosurviveintheextremelycoldenvironment.
Theobjectswerediscoveredabout300kilometersnortheastofanotherareawherescientistssayhumansoncelived.Thatareahasobjectsmorecloselylinkedtomodemhumans.Thoseobjectsarebelievedtobeabout28thousandyearsold.
NaturemagazinealsopublishedareportbyJohnGowlettoftheUniversityofLiverpoolinEngland.Hesaidthediscoveryshowstheabilityofearlyhumanstodotheunexpected.Healsosaidthediscoveryshouldrenewdebateabouttheeffectsoftheclimateonthemovementsofearlyhumanpopulation.
1.BeforethefindingofstoneobjectsandanimalbonesinthenorthofEuropeanRussia,someexpertsthoughthumanbeingslivedinthatareaabout(
).
2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutthesignificanceofthisfindingEXCEPTthat
(
).
3.Whichisthemostimportantdiscoveryamongthefindings?
4.Howoldisthetusk?About
(
)
yearsold.
5.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.10thousandyearsago
B.15thousandyearsago
C.28thousandyearsago
D.20thousandyearsago
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.itbringsforwardsthetimeinwhichancienthunterslivedinthearea
B.itprovidestheevidenceofahighlevelofancienthumansociety
C.itshowedtheunexpectedabilityoftheearlyhumans
D.itindicatestheeffectofclimateonthemovementofearlyhumanpopulation
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Amammothtuskcoveredwithsmallcuts.
B.Ancientstonetools.
C.123bonesfromanimals.
D.Alongelephanttusk.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.25thousand
B.28thousand
C.40thousand
D.36thousand
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.NewDiscoveryofAncientHumanBeings
B.EvidenceofAncientHunters
C.UnexpectedSurvivingAbilitiesofAncientHumanBeings
D.NewFindingsofAncientAnimals
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Thescientistssaytheobjectsprovidethefirstevidencethatancienthunterslivedintheareamorethan30thousandyearsago.Theysaythisisatleast15thousandyearsearlierthanexpertshadthought.”科學(xué)家說(shuō),這些物體提供了第一手證據(jù),證明古代獵人在3萬(wàn)多年前就生活在這個(gè)地區(qū)。他們說(shuō),這至少比專家們預(yù)想的早了1.5萬(wàn)年。由此可知,專家們預(yù)想的人類生活在這個(gè)地區(qū)的時(shí)間是在3萬(wàn)減去1.5萬(wàn)等于1.5萬(wàn)年以前,也就是15thousandyearsago,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Thescientistssaytheancientpeopleneededahighlevelofsocialdevelopmenttosurviveintheextremelycoldenvironment.”科學(xué)家們說(shuō),古人需要高度的社會(huì)發(fā)展才能在極端寒冷的環(huán)境中生存。由此可知,古代社會(huì)并沒(méi)有高度發(fā)展所以選項(xiàng)B不正確。
第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“mostimportantdiscovery”定位到第三段第一句“Thescientistssaytheirmostimportantdiscoverywasatuskfromanancientelephantcalledamammoth...Thetuskiscoveredwithsmallcuts...”科學(xué)家們表示,他們最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是一頭名為猛犸象的古代大象的長(zhǎng)牙。...長(zhǎng)牙上有很多小切口。由此可知,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thetestsshowedthetuskisabout36thousandyearsold.”測(cè)試顯示,這只象牙大約有3.6萬(wàn)年的歷史。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
第5題:主旨大意題。原文第一段指出科學(xué)家在歐洲北部發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多有關(guān)古代獵人的證據(jù),接下來(lái)的段落具體闡述和分析這些證據(jù),最后得出結(jié)論,這些證據(jù)也體現(xiàn)了環(huán)境對(duì)早期人類遷徙的影響。由此可知,本文的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于古代獵人的證據(jù),選項(xiàng)B最為恰當(dāng)。
4.單選題
Althoughmanypeopleviewconflictasbad,conflictissometimesuseful(
)itforcespeopletotesttherelativemeritsoftheirattitudesandbehaviors.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.bywhich
B.towhich
C.inthat
D.sothat
【答案】C
【解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:雖然很多人認(rèn)為沖突是不好的,但有時(shí)沖突是有用的,因?yàn)樗仁谷藗儗徱曌约簯B(tài)度和行為的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。bywhich和towhich均引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;inthat引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“因?yàn)椤?;sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“以便,所以”。根據(jù)句意可知,這里是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
5.單選題
Thecitygovernmentis(
)reformingthesocialsecuritysystem.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.contemplating
B.reflecting
C.overtaking
D.nourishing
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。contemplate意為“考慮,考慮接受(發(fā)生某事的可能性),深思熟慮”;reflect意為“反射(光、熱、聲或影像)”;overtake意為“追上,趕上”;nourish意為“滋養(yǎng),施肥于”。
句意:市政府正在考慮改革社會(huì)保障制度。
6.單選題
Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.
AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepastandhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet'senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.
Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimates(靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物)some65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.
ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenign(宜人的)globalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years——duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared—isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth'sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.
1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged.
2.Earthscientistshavecometounderstandthatclimate(
).
3.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution
(
).
4.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat
(
).
5.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife
B.toleavethecoastalareas
C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation
D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.isgoingthroughafundamentalchange
B.hasbeengettingwarmerfor10,000years
C.willeventuallychangefromhottocold
D.hasgonethroughperiodicalchanges
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges
B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges
C.haslargelybeenaffectedbyclimaticchanges
D.hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth'senvironment
B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference
C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture
D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges
B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate
C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess
D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming...”在把他們周圍的許多動(dòng)物逼到瀕臨滅絕的邊緣后,人們被迫放棄他們?cè)械纳罘绞?,轉(zhuǎn)而采用一種全新的生存戰(zhàn)略,導(dǎo)致了大面積的饑餓和疾病。這種適應(yīng)就是農(nóng)業(yè)由此可知,農(nóng)業(yè)作為一種生存戰(zhàn)略出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)槿藗兎艞壛嗽械纳罘绞?,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
第2題:判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是氣候是如何變化的。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“earthscientists”定位到第二段的內(nèi)容“Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet'senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.”研究人員已經(jīng)開始拼湊出一幅清晰的圖像,闡明強(qiáng)大的地質(zhì)和天文力量結(jié)合在一起改變了地球的環(huán)境,從熱到冷,從潮濕到干燥,周而復(fù)始這些可以追溯到數(shù)億年前。由此可以推斷,氣候的變化是周期性的,階段性的,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“humanevolution”定位到第三段“Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.”最重要的是,科學(xué)家們開始意識(shí)到氣候變化對(duì)人類物種的進(jìn)化產(chǎn)生了重大影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth'sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.”事實(shí)上,過(guò)去的氣候變化模式表明,即使沒(méi)有人類活動(dòng)的影響,未來(lái)的地球氣候肯定也會(huì)經(jīng)歷巨大的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是氣候變化對(duì)人類活動(dòng)的影響。文章末尾還指出,即使沒(méi)有人類活動(dòng)的影響,全球氣候依然會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化,所以作者主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是:面對(duì)氣候的急劇變化,人類實(shí)際上是無(wú)能為力的。選項(xiàng)B正確。
7.單選題
Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.
Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves,memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffed(嗅出)somethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.
Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryoflargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words”stringofalphabeticornumericalcharactersreadyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.Steenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.
Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson’smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.
1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmemory?
2.Accordingtothepassage,memoryishelpfulinone'slifeinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat(
).
3.Whatistheauthor'sviewaboutcomputersandhumanbeingsintermsofintelligence?
4.Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman’smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?
5.Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby
(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday
B.Itisbasedonthedecisionswemadeinthepast
C.Itisrootedinourpasthabitsandskills
D.Itconnectsourpastexperienceswiththepresent
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.itinvolvesachangeinone'sbehavior
B.itkeepsinformationforlateruse
C.itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedly
D.itenablesonetoremembereventsthathappenedinthepast
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Computershavebettermemorythanachilddoes
B.Computersareasintelligentasateenageris
C.Computerscanunderstandasmanyas100,000words
D.Humanbeingsarefarsuperiortocomputers
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage
B.Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords
C.Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast
D.Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.havingtheabilitytoperceivedanger
B.havingafargreatermemorycapacity
C.havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight
D.havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段第二句話提到“大量日常認(rèn)知的意義、我們做決定的依據(jù)和我們的習(xí)慣和技能的根源都是我們過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷,這些都是被記憶帶到現(xiàn)在來(lái)的”(Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory),由此可知,記憶能夠?qū)⑦^(guò)去與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái),因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句話提到“記憶不僅僅是記住算數(shù)和歷史事實(shí)這類事情,還包括動(dòng)物典型行為的改變”(Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves),可知選項(xiàng)A“它涉及行為的改變”是正確的,排除;文章第二段第一句話提到“記憶被定義為是一種將信息保存留待以后使用的能力”(Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse),由此可知選項(xiàng)B正確,排除;文章第一段提到了依靠記憶,可以把過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái),選項(xiàng)D“記住過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情”正確,排除。因此,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段講述了計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的存儲(chǔ)功能。計(jì)算機(jī)跟青少年都能記憶十萬(wàn)左右的英語(yǔ)單詞,但是單詞只是人類記憶中很小的一部分,人類還能記憶很多其他的內(nèi)容,比如,能一眼就分辨出不同的人臉和地方(However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight),可知人類比電腦要強(qiáng),因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到“當(dāng)語(yǔ)言極大的擴(kuò)大人能夠記住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力時(shí),這需要有巨大的記憶存儲(chǔ)量”(Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity),因此選項(xiàng)A“能夠擴(kuò)大存儲(chǔ)量”符合題意。
第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一句話提到“可能就是這種記憶存儲(chǔ)量將人類與其他動(dòng)物區(qū)分開來(lái)”(Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals),因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
8.翻譯題
Alex,nowafirst-yearstudentinnaturalsciencesatCambridge,playedfootballforhisschoolinManchesteranddirectedtheschoolproductionofaplay.HeleftschoolwithfiveA’s.Amanda,readingEnglishatBristolUniversity,actedinplaysathers,andplayedtennisregularly.YetshestillmanagedtogetfourA's.
HowdoAstudentslikethesemakeit?Brainsaren’ttheonlyanswer,themostgiftedstudentsdonotnecessarilyperformbestinexams,knowinghowtomakethemostofone’sabilitiescountsformuchmore.
Hardworkisn’tthewholestoryeither.Someofthesehigh-achievingstudentsactuallyputinfewerhoursthantheirlower-scoringclassmates.Thestudentsatthetopoftheclassgettherebymasteringafewbasictechniquesthatotherscaneasilylearn.Here,accordingtoeducationexpertsandstudentsthemselves,arethesecretsofAstudents.
Concentrate!Topstudentsallownointerruptionsoftheirstudytime.Oncethebooksareopen,phonecallsgounanswered,TVunwatchedandnewspapersunread.
Studyanywhere—oreverywhere.AuniversityprofessorinArizonaassignedtotutorunderachievingcollegeathletes,recallsarunnerwhoexercisedaily.Hepersuadedhimtousethetimetomemorizebiologyterms.
Organizeyourmaterial.Adrawerkeepsessentialstogetherandcutsdownontime-wastingsearches.
Askquestions,“Ifyouaskquestions,youknowatoncewhetheryouhavegotthepointornot,”saysAlex.Classparticipationisamatterofshowingintellectualcuriosity.
Afterall,thesecretsofAstudentsarenotsosecret.YoucanlearnandmasterthemandbecomeanAstudent,too.
【答案】亞歷克斯,現(xiàn)在是劍橋大學(xué)理科一年級(jí)的學(xué)生,曾在曼徹斯特的中學(xué)校隊(duì)里踢足球,并且導(dǎo)演過(guò)學(xué)校的一部話劇。他以5A的成績(jī)從初中畢業(yè)。阿曼達(dá),布里斯托爾大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系學(xué)生,在中學(xué)里參加過(guò)戲劇演出,并且時(shí)常打網(wǎng)球,但她仍然拿到了4個(gè)A的成績(jī)。
這些優(yōu)等生怎樣做到這些的呢?腦子聰明并不是唯一的答案,最有天賦的學(xué)生不一定在考試中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異,知道如何充分利用自己的才能要重要得多。
勤奮不能說(shuō)明所有問(wèn)題。這些成功的學(xué)生往往比那些成績(jī)差的同學(xué)耗費(fèi)在學(xué)習(xí)上的時(shí)間少。拔尖的學(xué)生們通過(guò)掌握一些其他人都能學(xué)到的基本技巧而得到高分。根據(jù)教育專家和學(xué)生們自己的敘述,優(yōu)等生成功的秘訣有以下幾點(diǎn):
專注!優(yōu)等生在學(xué)習(xí)期間不會(huì)開任何小差。一旦打開書本,他們電話不接,電視不看,報(bào)紙不讀。
任何地方——或者所有地方都能學(xué)習(xí)。亞利桑那州的一位教授被分配去輔導(dǎo)那些成績(jī)普通的大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。他記得有一名賽跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員每天都要訓(xùn)練。他說(shuō)服那位學(xué)生利用跑步的時(shí)間去記憶生物學(xué)詞匯。
安排好資料。把必需的東西放在一個(gè)抽屜,這樣能節(jié)約胡亂尋找東西的時(shí)間。
提問(wèn)?!叭绻闾釂?wèn),你立刻就知道你是否抓住了重點(diǎn)”,亞歷克斯說(shuō)。課堂參與能夠展現(xiàn)求知欲。
畢竟,優(yōu)等生的秘訣并不神秘。你可以學(xué)習(xí),然后掌握這些秘訣,最后也成為一名優(yōu)等生。
9.單選題
Brazil’sconstitution(
)themilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Withdraws
B.objects
C.interrupts
D.forbids
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。withdraw“撤銷,收回,撤退”;object“反對(duì),拒絕”;Interrupt“中斷”;forbid“禁止”。句意:巴西憲法規(guī)定禁止軍隊(duì)使用核能。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
10.單選題
Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople(
)afterthefloodin1991.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.survived
B.suspended
C.suffered
D.subjected
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。survive“幸存,生還”;suspend“延緩”;suffer“遭受,允許,寬恕”;subject“使遭受”。句意:在政府的幫助下,很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
11.單選題
ThetragedyoftheCHALLENGER(
)anongoingcontroversyonallaspectsofAmerica’sspaceprogram.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.aroused
B.rose
C.arose
D.lifted
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。arouse意為“激起,引起(反應(yīng)或態(tài)度)”;rise意為“上升,攀升,提高”,其過(guò)去式為rose;arise是不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生,出現(xiàn)”,其過(guò)去式為arose;lift意為“舉起,抬起”。
句意:挑戰(zhàn)者的悲劇在美國(guó)太空計(jì)劃的各個(gè)方面引起了持續(xù)不斷的爭(zhēng)議。
12.單選題
Iadmirehercourage,compassionand(
)tothecauseofhumanity,justiceandpeace.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.devotion
B.determination
C.opposition
D.realism
【答案】A
【解析】名詞辨析題。devotion奉獻(xiàn),忠誠(chéng),熱愛(ài);determination決心,果斷;opposition反對(duì);realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。句意:我欽佩她為了人道,正義與和平所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的勇氣、同情心和奉獻(xiàn)精神。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
13.單選題
Thisriverissowidethatitisimpossibletobuilda(
)underitwithoutmoderntechnology.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.canal
B.tunnel
C.channel
D.cable
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。canal“運(yùn)河,管道”;tunnel“隧道”;channel“通道,海峽”;cable“纜繩,電纜”。句意:這條河這么寬,要在它地下修建一條隧道沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代技術(shù)是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
14.單選題
Iabsolutelyopposethe(
)thatprivatization(私有化)isnowinevitableinourindustry.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.notice
B.notion
C.impression
D.conscience
【答案】B
【解析】名詞辨析題。notice通知;notion概念,見(jiàn)解;impression印象;conscience道德心,良心。
句意:我完全反對(duì)認(rèn)為私有化在我們這個(gè)行業(yè)是不可避免的這種見(jiàn)解。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
15.翻譯題
Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternational
marketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthe
membersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariable
language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,
technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,an
internationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.
Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearnedanditsinterpretation
comesonlythroughexperience.
——onehasto
liveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwith
culturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,
followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisa
factoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.
Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusiness
approachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineach
countryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant,thecriticalquestioncenters
aroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternational
manageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaoreven
blindness.
【答案】文化是國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。特定社會(huì)成員的這種習(xí)得行為模式系統(tǒng)是由一系列動(dòng)態(tài)變化的語(yǔ)言、宗教、價(jià)值觀和習(xí)俗、美學(xué)、技術(shù)、教育和社會(huì)制度不斷塑造而成的。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng),國(guó)際經(jīng)理需要真實(shí)的文化和用于解釋文化的知識(shí)。在某種程度上,事實(shí)知識(shí)可以習(xí)得,而文化的解釋只能來(lái)源于經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
在處理文化環(huán)境的問(wèn)題時(shí),最復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題是來(lái)自于一個(gè)人無(wú)法學(xué)到文化——他必須置身其中。商業(yè)世界中存在著兩種關(guān)于如何處理文化多樣性的思想流派。一種是認(rèn)為全世界的商業(yè)都是公事公辦,像百事和麥當(dāng)勞一樣。在某些情況下,全球化是無(wú)法改變的事實(shí),然而,文化差異還遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有融合。
另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,企業(yè)必須根據(jù)不同的文化來(lái)調(diào)整經(jīng)營(yíng)模式。在每個(gè)國(guó)家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植,關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題在于接受與否。國(guó)際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是確保拒絕接受不是文化近視甚至眼盲的結(jié)果。
16.單選題
Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone(
)theother.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.emphasizing
B.reinforcing
C.multiplying
D.increasing
【答案】B
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào);reinforce加強(qiáng),加固;multiply增加;increase增強(qiáng),提高。
句意:相同的因素推動(dòng)工資和物價(jià)同時(shí)上漲,二者相互促進(jìn)。這里指由于相互促進(jìn)而增強(qiáng),所以選項(xiàng)B最為恰當(dāng)。
17.單選題
Allpartsofthissewingmachineare(
)sothatitisverysimpletogetreplacementsforthem.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.mechanized
B.minimized
C.modernized
D.standardized
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。mechanize意為“使機(jī)械化”;minimize意為“使最小化,使減少到最低限度”;modernize意為“使現(xiàn)代化”;standardize意為“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,使符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(或規(guī)格)”。
由itisverysimpletogetreplacements(替換很簡(jiǎn)單)可推測(cè)Allpartsofthissewingmachine(縫紉機(jī)的所有零部件)應(yīng)是“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件”,因此選D。
句意:這臺(tái)縫紉機(jī)的所有零件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的——所以很容易就能找到它們的替換件。
18.單選題
Attheconferenceyesterday,ourdifferenceswerefurther(
).Thenextstepistoworkoutasolutionacceptabletobothsides.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.narroweddown
B.cooleddown
C.drivenhome
D.broughtabout
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。narrowdown意為“縮減,壓縮,減少”;cooldown意為“變涼,冷卻,冷靜”;drivehome意為“開車回家”;bringabout意為“導(dǎo)致,引起”。
句意:在昨天的會(huì)議上,我們的分歧進(jìn)一步縮小了。下一步是制定一個(gè)雙方都能接受的解決方案。
19.單選題
Hismemoryseemsto(
)withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.lessen
B.diminish
C.decrease
D.reduce
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示“減少”。lessen指數(shù)目、程度、價(jià)值、實(shí)力等的減少;diminish指某事物對(duì)照原本基礎(chǔ)上數(shù)量或質(zhì)量少了很多;decrease指各種事物逐漸減少、逐漸衰弱的過(guò)程;reduce指縮小事物的范圍、強(qiáng)度、數(shù)量等,也可指級(jí)別、地位或經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的降低。此處表示他的記憶力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱,記憶力變得比原來(lái)差,因此選B。
句意:他的記憶力似乎隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱,有很多事情他記不清了。
20.單選題
IntheU.S.88percentofsmokershasstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitis(
)tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.liable
B.liberal
C.irrational
D.illegal
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。liable“有責(zé)任的,有義務(wù)的”;liberal“自由主義的,慷慨的”;irrational“不合理的,無(wú)理性的,荒謬的”;illegal“非法的,違法的”。
句意:在美國(guó),88%的煙民十八歲之前就開始抽煙,盡管將煙售賣給未成年人是不合法的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
21.單選題
I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.paidoff
B.takenitstoll
C.madeadifference
D.shownup
【答案】A
【解析】詞組辨析題。payoff付清,取得成功;takeitstoll造成損失,造成傷亡;makeadifference有影響,有關(guān)系;showup出現(xiàn),揭露。
句意:我很高興的聽說(shuō)你找到了工作,在學(xué)校里一切的努力顯然都得到了回報(bào)。只有選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。
22.單選題
WhenIwentintothediningroomthenextmorning,the(
)ofthedinnerwerestillonthetable.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.remains
B.relies
C.remnants
D.surplus
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。remain“遺跡,剩余物”;rely“依靠”;remnant“剩余”;surplus“剩余;順差”。句意:當(dāng)我第二天早上去餐廳時(shí),昨天晚餐剩下的東西還在桌上。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
23.單選題
Thesecretary(
)theforeignministerofaninterviewhewastogivethatafternoon.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.reminded
B.reassured
C.consulted
D.insured
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。remind意為“提醒,使想起”,remindsb.ofsth.意為“提醒某人某事”;reassure意為“使……安心,打消……的疑慮”;consult意為“商議,商量”;insure意為“保證”。
句意:秘書提醒外交部長(zhǎng)那天下午他要進(jìn)行一次采訪。
24.單選題
Undernormalcircumstancesthebodycan(
)thesenaturallyoccurringsubstancesintovitamins.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.convert
B.render
C.derive
D.originate
【答案】A
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。convert轉(zhuǎn)化,轉(zhuǎn)變;render致使,提供;derive源于,獲得;originate發(fā)源,發(fā)生。句意:在正常情況下,身體可以將這些自然產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為維生素。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
25.單選題
Tom,diditever(
)toyouthatyouwouldbepunishedforcheatingonexams?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.happen
B.occur
C.reflect
D.strike
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。happen“發(fā)生,碰巧”;occur“發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)”;reflect“反應(yīng)”;strike“撞擊;罷工”。句意:湯姆,你是否曾想過(guò)會(huì)因?yàn)榭荚囎鞅资艿教幜P呢?occurto“想起,突然想起”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
26.翻譯題
Traditionalhistoryhasbeenahistoryofnations.Buthere,forthefirsttimesincetheRomanEmpire,thereisthepossibilityofcreatingthehistoryofacivilization.Nowisthefirstchanceonanewbasiswithnewtechnologiestocreateacivilizationofunprecedentedopennessandpluralism(多元文化).Acivilizationofthepolycentricmind(多種精神中心的).Acivilizationthatleavesbehindforever,theethnocentric,tribalmentality.Thementalityofdestruction.
LosAngelesisapremonition(先兆)ofthisnewcivilization.
LinkedmoretotheThirdWorldandAsiathantotheEuropeofAmerica'sracialandculturalroots.LosAngelesandsouthernCaliforniawillenterthetwenty-firstcenturyasamultiracialandmulticulturalsociety.Thisisabsolutelynew.Thereisnopreviousexampleofa
civilizationthatisbeingsimultaneouslycreatedbysomanyraces,nationalities,andcultures.Thisnewtypeofculturalpluralismiscompletelyunknowninthehistoryofmankind.
AmericaisbecomingmorepluraleverydaybecauseoftheunbelievablefacilityofthenewThirdWorldimmigrantstoputapieceoftheiroriginalcultureinsideofAmericanculture.Thenotionofa“dominant”Americancultureischangingeverymoment.ItisincrediblecomingtoAmericatofindyouaresomewhereelse—inSeoul,inTaipei,inMexicoCity.YoucantravelinsidethisKoreanculturerightonthestreetsofLosAngeles.Inhabitantsofthisvastcitybecomeinternaltouristsintheplaceoftheirownresidence.
【答案】傳統(tǒng)意義上的歷史一直是各個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史。但在美國(guó),自羅馬帝國(guó)以來(lái),首次出現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文化的歷史的可能?,F(xiàn)在第一次有了這樣一個(gè)機(jī)遇,在新的基礎(chǔ)上用新技術(shù)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)有著前所未有的開放性的多元文化。一個(gè)有著多種精神中心的文化。一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)拋棄種族中心主義心態(tài)、部落心態(tài)的文化。那是一種破壞性的心態(tài)。
洛杉磯就是這一新興文化的先兆。
洛杉磯以及南加州與第三世界和亞洲的聯(lián)系要比與美國(guó)的民族、文化之根歐洲的聯(lián)系密切,因此將以一個(gè)多民族、多元文化的社會(huì)進(jìn)入世紀(jì)。這是一種全新的現(xiàn)象。一個(gè)文化由如此之多的種族、民族和文化同時(shí)創(chuàng)建,這樣的先例從未有過(guò)。這種新型的文化多元化在人類歷史上聞所未聞。
由于來(lái)自第三世界的新移民所具有的將本族文化融入美國(guó)文化的令人難以置信的本領(lǐng),美國(guó)正變得越來(lái)越多元化。美國(guó)的“主導(dǎo)”文化的概念時(shí)刻在改變。來(lái)到美國(guó),你會(huì)不可思議地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身在別地——來(lái)到了漢城,臺(tái)北,墨西哥城。你在洛杉磯街頭行走,就可以感受到韓國(guó)的文化氛圍。這個(gè)大城市的居民成了自己居住地的游客。
27.單選題
Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably(
)reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.concise
B.clear
C.precise
D.elaborate
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。concise“簡(jiǎn)明的”;clear“清楚的”;precise“精確的”;elaborate“詳盡的”。句意:新秘書只用了幾張紙就寫出了一份包含所有的非常詳盡的報(bào)告。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
28.單選題
Wedon’tthinkthathis(
)abilityhasbeenwelldeveloped.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.possible
B.potential
C.initial
D.invisible
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。possible“可能的”;potential“有潛力的”;initial“最初的”;invisible“看不見(jiàn)的”。句意:我們認(rèn)為他的潛力沒(méi)有被好好挖掘。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
29.單選題
OnOctober11th,1994,JohnForbesNash,Jr.wontheNobelPrizeforpioneeringworkingametheory.
NashbeganhisPh.D.atPrincetonin1948whenhewasjust20.Whilehewasstillonly21,liewrotea27doctoraldissertationongametheory(博弈論)——themathematicsofcompetition.ThegreatJohnvonNeuman,thenatPrinceto
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