2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)12

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Inthenextfewyears,theterm"bigdata"willcometoseemnaive,likewhen"informationsuperhighway"gavewayto"theinternet"in1995.

We'reenteringanageofpersonalbigdataanditsimpactonourliveswillsurpassthatoftheinternet.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertaintyeverydayquestionslikewhetherthatdressactuallymakesyoulookfat,orprofoundquestionsaboutpreciselyhowlongyouwilllive.

Every20yearsorso,apowerfultechnologymovesfromtherealmofbackroomexpertiseandintothehandsofthemasses.Inthelate1970s,computingmadethattransitionfrommainframesinglass-enclosedroomstopersonalcomputerondesks.Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.

Eachtransitiontouchedoffanexplosionofinnovationandreshapedworkandleisure.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.Twentyyearslater,225million.Thenumberofinternetusersin1995hit16million.Todayit'smorethan3billion.Inmuchoftheworld,it'shardtoimaginelifewithoutconstantaccesstobothcomputingandnetworks.

The2010swillbethecoming-outpartyfordata.Gathering,accessingandgleaninginsightsfromvastanddeepdatahasbeenacapabilitylockedinsideenterpriseslongenough.Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.Ontheotherhand,connecteddevicessuchastheNestthermostatorFitbithealthmonitorandappsonsmartphonesincreasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.

ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.Butthegamechangerusheringintheneweraistheabilitytomakesenseofdatainwaysthatletnon-techhumansinteractwithit,learnfromitanduseit.

Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.Anewgenerationofcomputers-cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata-willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.Somewhatlikebrains,thesesystemscanlinkdiversebitsofdatatocomeupwithrealanswers,notjustsearchresults.

1.Whatcausedtheappearanceofmoderninternet?

2.Whatdoesthephrase"tappinginto"(paragraph5)probablymeaninthetext?

3.Inwhichwaycanwegetdataaboutourselves?

4.Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweentraditionalcomputersandcognitivecomputersystems?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bigdata

B.Informationsuperhighway

C.Cloudcomputing

D.Browsers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Stickinginto.

B.Beatingsoftly

C.Makinguseof

D.Investing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fromeverydaypersonalactions.

B.Fromconnecteddevices.

C.Fromeverydaypersonalhabits.

D.Fromdatabase.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkfasterthantraditionalcomputers

B.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkmoreaccurately.

C.Cognitivecomputersystemcanworklikehumanbrains.

D.Cognitivecomputersystemscansearchresults.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computingwasintherealmofbackroomexpertisebefore1970s.

B.Theworldisfloodedintoomuchconfuseddata.

C.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.

D.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertainty.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.（在20世紀(jì)90年代后期，第一批網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器使網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以為我們所用，從而出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)曾是專為科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和軍隊(duì)所用）可知選D。

2.詞義題。stickinginto意為“堅(jiān)持，粘入”；beatingsoftly意為“輕拍”；makinguseof意為“利用”；investing意為“投資，花費(fèi)”。根據(jù)“tappinginto”在Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.（現(xiàn)在云計(jì)算和移動(dòng)設(shè)備可以……巨大的計(jì)算能力和數(shù)據(jù)庫使站在浴室里籃球賽成為可能）中前后的句意，可知C選項(xiàng)最符合語境。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Ontheotherhand,connecteddevices...increasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.（另一方面，連接的設(shè)備……越來越多地收集有關(guān)日常個(gè)人行為和習(xí)慣的新信息，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有關(guān)自己的數(shù)據(jù)）可知選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Anewgenerationofcomputers—cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata—willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.（新一代計(jì)算機(jī)——從數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知計(jì)算系統(tǒng)——能閱讀推特或電子書或觀看視頻，能并理解其內(nèi)容）可知選C。

5.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.（世界上充斥著大量的數(shù)據(jù)，這可能和說LadyGaga的服裝很有趣一樣顯而易見）和最后一段中的Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.（今天超過80%的數(shù)據(jù)是非結(jié)構(gòu)化的：視頻、新聞報(bào)道、學(xué)術(shù)論文、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)評(píng)論。非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)幾乎不可能搜索、分析和與其他數(shù)據(jù)混合）可知B選項(xiàng)“世界上充斥著太多令人困惑的數(shù)據(jù)”符合題意。

2.單選題

Anumberofloopholesstillremaininthecampaigncontributionlaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unprofitablesections

B.illogicalcontradictions

C.descriptionsforcheating

D.waysofevadingrules

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。loophole意為“(法律、合同等的)漏洞，空子”；unprofitablesections意為“無利可圖的部分”；illogicalcontradictions意為“不合邏輯的矛盾”；descriptionsforcheating意為“欺騙描述”；waysofevadingrules意為“規(guī)避規(guī)則的方式”。

句意：競(jìng)選捐款法仍然存在一些漏洞。

3.翻譯題

AsianAmericans.AsiansintheUnitedStatesincludemanynationalities:AsianIndians,Chinese,Filipino,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,andother.AsianAmericanshavebeenheraldedasthenewest“hotethnicmarket”.Thedemographicssupportthisoptimisticoutlook.Asoftheyear2000,approximately11millionAsianswerelivingintheUnitedStates.By2025theU.S,CensusBureauhasprojectedthatnearly22millionAsianswillresidehere.Thoughthe2.4millionChinesearethelargestgroupofAsianslivingintheUnitedStates,AsianIndiansgrewthefastestduringthedecadefrom1990to2000,withthatpopulationdoublingandnowtotaling1.7millionintheUnitedStates.

AsianAmericansonaveragearebettereducated,havehigherincomes,andoccupymoreprestigiousjobpositionsthananyothersegmentofAmericansociety.ThemedianhouseholdincomeforAsianAmericansinonerecentyearwas$46,700comparedwithmedianincomesof$40,600,$30,300,and$25,900forwhites,HispanicsandAfricanAmericansrespectively.

ItisimportanttoemphasizethatjustasthereisnosingleblackorHispanicmarket,therecertainlydoesnotexistasingleAsianmarket.Moreover,unlikeotherethnicgroups,suchasHispanics,whoshareasimilarlanguage,AsianAmericansspeakavarietyofuniquelydifferentlanguages.AmongAsiannationalitiesthereareconsiderabledifferencesinproductchoicesandbrandpreferences.EvenwithineachnationalitytherearevariationsintermsofEnglishlanguageskillsandfinancialwell-being.Indeed,itisestimatedthatover50percentofallAsianAmericansovertheageof5donotspeakEnglishfluentlyandmanyare“l(fā)inguisticallyisolated”insofarastheyliveinhomeswherenoadultsspeakanyEnglish.

【答案】【參考譯文】亞裔美國人。在美國的亞洲人包括很多民族：印度人、中國人、菲律賓人、日本人、韓國人、越南人和其他民族。亞裔美國人一直被視為是最新的“熱門族裔市場(chǎng)”。人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)支持這一樂觀前景。截止2000年，大約有1100萬亞洲人生活在美國。美國人口普查局預(yù)計(jì)，到2025年，將會(huì)有近2200萬亞洲人居住在這里。雖然240萬中國人是生活在美國的最大亞洲人群體，但亞裔印度人在1990年到2000年的十年間增長最快，人數(shù)翻了一番，現(xiàn)在總計(jì)達(dá)到170萬。

與美國社會(huì)的其他階層相比，亞裔美國人平均受教育程度更高，收入更高，占據(jù)著更有聲望的職位。亞裔美國人的中等家庭收入在最近的一年為4.67萬美元，而相比之下的白人、西班牙裔和非洲裔美國人中等家庭的收入分別為4.06萬美元、3.03萬美元和2.59萬美元。

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，正如沒有單一的黑人或西班牙裔市場(chǎng)，當(dāng)然不存在一個(gè)單一的亞裔市場(chǎng)。此外，與其他民族不同，比如擁有類似語言的西班牙裔民族，亞裔美國人講著各種獨(dú)特不同的語言。亞裔各民族之間在產(chǎn)品選擇和品牌偏好上存在相當(dāng)大的差異。甚至在每個(gè)民族中，在英語語言技能和財(cái)務(wù)狀況方面也有不同。據(jù)估計(jì)，所有5歲以上的亞裔美國人中實(shí)際有50%以上的人不能流利地講英語，并且還有很多人是“語言上被孤立”，因?yàn)樗麄兩畹募彝ブ袥]有人講英語。

4.翻譯題

5.Afascinatingcitybetweenseaandsky,likeVenusrisingfromthewaves,Venicewelcomestouristsfromthefivecontinentsdrawntoherbythecharmofherwaterandpellucidlight,freefromalldustandcooledbytheseabreeze.ShealsoofferstheintellectualpleasurestobederivedfromhermasterpieceswhichmarkthemeetingofEastandWest.

【答案】【參考譯文】

5.威尼斯水城海天相連，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌現(xiàn)的維納斯，吸引著五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎，波光粼粼，清風(fēng)拂面而來，掃去你心中的不快與煩惱。而城市中那些集東西方藝術(shù)之大成的杰作，更給人以精神上的享受。

5.單選題

TheRedCrossappealedtophilanthropytosavealifeofaprisoner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.public

B.charity

C.justice

D.attorney

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)public“公眾，社會(huì)，公共場(chǎng)所”；B選項(xiàng)charity“慈善，慈善團(tuán)體”；C選項(xiàng)justice“司法，法律制裁，正義”；D選項(xiàng)attorney“律師，代理人，檢察官”。句意：紅十字會(huì)呼吁慈善事業(yè)來拯救一名囚犯的生命。Philanthropy“慈善；慈善事業(yè)”，B選項(xiàng)與該單詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilitytospurfurtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.renovate

B.advocate

C.arouse

D.stimulate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。spur意為“鞭策，激勵(lì)，刺激”；renovate意為“翻新，修復(fù)，整修”；advocate意為“提倡”；arouse意為“引起”；stimulate意為“促進(jìn)，激勵(lì)，刺激”。

句意：科學(xué)理論的一個(gè)重要特性是它能夠激勵(lì)對(duì)某一特定主題的進(jìn)一步研究和思考。

7.單選題

TerryWolfischColemayseemlikeanordinary40-year-oldmom,butherneighborsknowthetruth:She’soneofthe“PodPeople.”Atthesupermarketshewanderstheaislesinaself-containedbubble,thankstoheriPoddigitalmusicplayer.Throughthoselittlewhiteearbuds,WolfischColelistenstoaplaylistmixedbyherfavoritediscpresenter—herself.

Athome,whenthekidsaretuckedaway,WolfischColeoftenescapestoanothersolomediapod—butinthisone,she’stransmittinginsteadofjustreceiving.Onhercomputerweblog,or“blog”,shetypesanonlinejournalchroniclingdailynewsofherlife,thensharesitallwiththeWeb.

WolfischCole—whoalsogetsherdailynewscustomizedofftheInternetandwhosedigitalvideorecorder(DVR)scansthroughthetelevisionwastelandtofindandrecordshowsthatsuithertastes—ispartofanewbreedofpeoplewhoarefiltering,shapingandevencreatingmediaforthemselves.Theyareincreasinglyturningtheirbacksontheestablishedsystemofmassmediathathasprovidednewsandentertainmentforthepasthalf-century.They’vejoinedtheexploding“iMedia”revolution,puttingthepowerofmediainthehandsofordinarypeople.

ThetoolsofthemovementconsistofabubblingstewofnewtechnologiesthatincludeiPods,blogs,podcasts,DVRs,customizedonlinenewspapers,andsatelliteradio.

DevoteesofiMediarunthegamut(范圍)fromthe89-year-oldNewYorkgrandmother,knownasBubby,whohastakenupbloggingtoshareherworldlyadvice,to11-year-oldDylanVerdiofTexas,whohasstartedbroadcastingherownhomemadeTVshowor“vlog”,forvideoweblog.InbetweenarecountlessiMediaenthusiastslikeRogiervanBakel,44,ofMaine,whoblogsatnight,readsaWeb—customizednewspageinthemorning,travelswithhisfullyloadediPodandcomeshometowatchwhatevertheDVRhaschosenforhim.

“Iftheoldmediamodelwasbroadcasting,thisnewphenomenonmightbecalledego-casting,”saysChristineRosen,afellowwiththeEthicsandPublicPolicyCenter.“Thetermfits,”shesays,“becausethetrendisallaboutme-me-media—theideaistogetexactlywhatyouwant,whenandwhereyouwantit.”

RosenandotherstracethebeginningsoftheiMediarevolutiontotheinventionoftheTVremote,whichmarkedthefirstsubtleshiftofmediacontrolawayfrombroadcastersandintothehandsoftheaveragecouchpotato.Itenabledviewerstovotewiththeirthumbs-makingiteasiertoabandondullprogramsandavoidcommercials.Withtheproliferation(激增)ofcableTVchannelsinthelate1980sfollowedbythemid-1990sarrivaloftheInternet,controllingmediainputwasn’tjustaluxury.“Controlhasbecomeanecessity,”saysBillRose,“Withoutit,there’snowaytosortthroughalltheoptionsthatarebecomingavailable.”

36.WhoisTerryWolfischColeprobablyaccordingtothepassage?（）

37.Whichofthefollowingisthecharacteristicofthenewbreedofpeopleaccordingtothepassage?（）

38.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthedevoteesofiMediafromthepassage?（）

39.Accordingtothepassage,ChristineRosencallstheiMediarevolutionego-castingbecause（）.

40.WhywastheinventionoftheTVremoteimportantaccordingtothepassage?（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Amiddle-agedhousewife.

B.Asaleswomaninthesupermarket.

C.Adiscpresenter.

D.Anonlinenewswriter.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyprovidenewsandentertainmentforthepublic.

B.TheyhavestartedtheiMediarevolution.

C.Theyhavehelpedordinarypeoplecontrolmedia.

D.Theychoosewhattolistentoorwatchbythemselves.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareeitherveryoldorveryyoung.

B.Theyconsistofpeopleofallages.

C.TheyarelocatedinNewYork,TexasandMaine.

D.Theysharethesameinterests.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshowthemselvesinthemedia

B.peoplegettheirneedsformediamet

C.peoplecanwatchwhatevertheylike

D.itistheinventionofanindividual

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitenabledordinarypeopletocontrolmediatosomeextent.

B.BecauseitmademorecableTVchannelsavailabletopeople.

C.BecauseitledtotheinventionofInternetinthe1990s.

D.Becauseitmadelifeeasierforcouchpotatoes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】36.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干縱觀全文，從文章可以看出TerryWolfischCole只是一個(gè)善于利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)分享自己日常生活和利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)便利自己日常生活的普通家庭主婦。本題可用排除法解答，A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)中年家庭主婦”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“超市售貨員”文中沒有提到，所以排除；C選項(xiàng)“唱片主持人”，根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知此段最后一句中提到的discpresenter只是一個(gè)比喻，而并不是她的真實(shí)身份，所以排除C選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“在線新聞作家”，真正的在線新聞作家并不會(huì)只寫自己的生活日常。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

37.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句“WolfischCole…ispartofanewbreedofpeoplewhoarefiltering,shapingandevencreatingmediaforthemselves.（WolfischCole……是一群為自己過濾、塑造甚至創(chuàng)造媒體的新群體中的一員。）”。A選項(xiàng)“他們?yōu)楣娞峁┬侣労蛫蕵贰迸c事實(shí)不符，這些新群體并不是為公眾提供新聞和娛樂，而是制定符合他們自己口味的新聞；B選項(xiàng)“他們開啟了媒體革命”，不正確，根據(jù)文章，媒體革命源于電視遙控器的發(fā)明；C選項(xiàng)“他們幫助普通人控制媒體”文中沒有提到；D選項(xiàng)“他們自己選擇聽或看什么”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

38.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段，該段落分別選擇了老、中、青三個(gè)年齡階段的典型人物來說明iMedia的擁護(hù)者包括了從老年到少年各個(gè)年齡階段的人。A選項(xiàng)“他們要么很老，要么很年輕”說法錯(cuò)誤，忽略了來自緬甸的44歲的RogierVanBakel這種中年人。B選項(xiàng)“他們由各個(gè)年齡層的人組成”符合段意；C選項(xiàng)“他們位于紐約，德克薩斯和緬因州”說法太絕對(duì)，文中只是拿來自這幾個(gè)地方的人舉例子，并不代表全部；D選項(xiàng)“他們有共同的興趣”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

39.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段第二句：“Thetermfits”,shesays,“becausethetrendisallaboutme-me-media—theideaistogetexactlywhatyouwant,whenandwhereyouwantit.”（她表示：“這個(gè)詞很合適，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的趨勢(shì)都是關(guān)于‘我-我-媒體’——其理念是在你想要的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)得到你想要的東西?！保?。A選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)诿襟w上展示自己”與段意不符；B選項(xiàng)“人們通過媒體滿足了自己需求”符合段意；C選項(xiàng)“人們可以看他們喜歡的任何節(jié)目”和D選項(xiàng)“它是一種個(gè)人的發(fā)明”文中都沒有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題意可定位到文章最后一段的第一句“RosenandotherstracethebeginningsoftheiMediarevolutiontotheinventionoftheTVremote,whichmarkedthefirstsubtleshiftofmediacontrolawayfrombroadcastersandintothehandsoftheaveragecouchpotato（Rosen等人將iMedia革命的開端追溯到電視遙控器的發(fā)明，這標(biāo)志著媒體控制從廣播公司轉(zhuǎn)移到普通電視迷手中的第一次微妙轉(zhuǎn)變。）”，由此可推斷出電視遙控器的出現(xiàn)使人們或多或少地?fù)碛辛嗣襟w的掌控權(quán)。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗谝欢ǔ潭壬鲜蛊胀ㄈ四軌蚩刂泼襟w”符合段意；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼮槿藗兲峁┝烁嗟挠芯€電視頻道”，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是有線電視頻道變多的原因；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗鼘?dǎo)致了20世紀(jì)90年代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)明”，遙控器并不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)明的原因；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗闺娨暶缘纳罡菀琢恕闭f法太片面，便利了電視迷的生活并不是遙控器重要的意義所在，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,allpowerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughtgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericanbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

1.Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans（

）.

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly

（

）.

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbeliever（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce.

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment.

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Honestbusinessmen.

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.

C.Peoplewithidealsofequality.

D.Businessinstitutionsandgovernment.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctionpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleader

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.Inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthantheseinothercountries

D.BusinessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment（在美國社會(huì)中，商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)比任何其他類型的組織都有更高的聲譽(yù)，包括政府）可知C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)是美國人最關(guān)心的問題”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)本身不僅是好的，它也是美國其他基本價(jià)值觀如個(gè)人自由、機(jī)會(huì)平等和努力工作的保護(hù)手段）可知D選項(xiàng)“通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.（理論上，如果一個(gè)企業(yè)試圖利用其客戶的不公平優(yōu)勢(shì)，它將輸給對(duì)其客戶更公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性企業(yè)。當(dāng)許多企業(yè)為了顧客的錢而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，他們不能像對(duì)待下級(jí)或奴隸那樣對(duì)待他們）可知是從從企業(yè)與客戶兩個(gè)角度說明商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，因此選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（人們常常將商業(yè)和政府進(jìn)行對(duì)比，一個(gè)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，另一個(gè)具有壟斷性）可知A選項(xiàng)“其對(duì)權(quán)力的絕對(duì)控制”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)成功通常被視為是美國人對(duì)基于家庭背景的社會(huì)等級(jí)的替代方式。因此，商業(yè)被視為是機(jī)會(huì)平等觀念的一種表達(dá)，而不是繼承特權(quán)的貴族觀念）可知B選項(xiàng)“在許多國家，成功往往取決于一個(gè)人的社會(huì)地位”符合題意。

9.單選題

Successfulpoliticiansaregoodatgiving______answerstoquestionsondifficultissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.definitive

B.ubiquitous

C.ambiguous

D.ineffable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)definitive“最后的；最佳的；最權(quán)威的”；B選項(xiàng)ubiquitous“普遍存在的；無所不在的”；C選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；D選項(xiàng)ineffable“不可言喻的；不應(yīng)說出的；難以形容的”。句意：成功的政治家善于對(duì)棘手問題給出______答案。政治家的重要職能便是處理爭(zhēng)端和分配利益，所以他們的回答不能太過絕對(duì)化，此處填“模棱兩可的”更符合句意，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

在網(wǎng)上購物尚未走俏的時(shí)候，在空調(diào)、個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)、視頻游戲、英特網(wǎng)、手機(jī)、克隆技術(shù)、基因工程，以及其他一堆使這個(gè)人造世界越發(fā)誘人的發(fā)明出現(xiàn)之前，有人就表現(xiàn)出了憂慮。人造世界是為我們而建造的。它用美味佳肴供我們充饑，用精神糧食滋養(yǎng)我們的心靈。它給我們提供庇護(hù)，不受疾患和不適的侵害。它告知天下我們是如何聰穎；它滿足了我們的虛榮，蜷縮在由鋼鐵和混凝土，硅以及塑料構(gòu)筑的泡沫世界里，我們可以假裝在駕馭這個(gè)星球。

與之形成鮮明對(duì)照的是，自然世界的產(chǎn)生不是為了我們的舒適和方便。它在數(shù)十億年前就存在了，而人類的誕生則是在數(shù)十億年之后的事，但自然界的壽命卻要比人類更長久。自然界嘲笑我們的虛榮，因?yàn)樗搅宋覀儗?duì)它的理解和控制。

【答案】【參考譯文】Somepeoplevoicedtheseworriesbeforethetriumphofonlineshoppingandbeforetheadventofair-conditioning,personalcomputers,videogames,theInternet,cellphones,cloningtechnology,geneticengineeringandaslewofotherinventionsthathavemadetheartificialworldevermoreseductive.Theartificialworldismadeforus.Itfeedsourbelliesandmindswithtastypabulum;itsheltersusfromdiscomfortandsickness;itproclaimsouringenuity;itflattersourpride.Snuginsidebubblesfashionedfromconcreteandsteel,fromsiliconandplasticandwords,wecanpretendwearerunningtheplanet.

Bycontrast,thenaturalworldwasnotmadeforourcomfortorconvenience.Itprecedesusbysomebillionsofyears,andhumanbeingcomesintobeingbillionsofyearslater,butthenaturalworldwilloutlastus;itmocksourpride,becauseitsurpassesourunderstandingandcontrol.

11.單選題

The（）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源、來源”，往往與過去的活動(dòng)、風(fēng)俗、事件等有關(guān)；B選項(xiàng)generation“產(chǎn)生、發(fā)生”，通常經(jīng)過生產(chǎn)、操作等過程；C選項(xiàng)descent“遺傳，派生，世系”；D選項(xiàng)cause“原因，因由”，一般指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：那個(gè)詞的起源雖不為人所知，但肯定不是來自希臘語。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

中國的電影行業(yè)已經(jīng)步入了一個(gè)新階段，始于七年前的行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)改革使國內(nèi)票房以年均3%的驚人速度達(dá)到一個(gè)新的增長水平，這在世界上也是不多見的。

更多的優(yōu)秀電影展現(xiàn)給了公眾，這自然會(huì)吸引越來越多的觀眾走進(jìn)電影院，也會(huì)激發(fā)投資商對(duì)該行業(yè)投資的熱情，這的確是個(gè)良性循環(huán)。中央政府已經(jīng)采取了新政策，幫助刺激國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展。隨著國內(nèi)與國際市場(chǎng)密切關(guān)系的建立，國產(chǎn)影片在海外的影響和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力一定會(huì)越來越大。中國也已經(jīng)承諾，將按照WTO協(xié)議進(jìn)一步開放娛樂市場(chǎng)。

當(dāng)前，中國的電影制作人主要是自籌資金，但是新的籌資渠道正在出現(xiàn)。隨著中國金融體制的完善，越來越多的電影電視公司依靠金融機(jī)構(gòu)籌集資金，同時(shí)以票房收入、版權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓以及演員的個(gè)人聲望做保障。

【答案】【參考譯文】China’sfilmindustryhasenteredanewstage.Thestructurereformoffilmindustrystartingfromsevenyearsagohasincreasedthedomesticboxofficeastonishinglyinanaverageannualspeedof3%toanewlevelofgrowth,andthisisalsorareintheworld.

Anincreasingnumberofgoodmovieswillnaturallyattractmoreandmoreaudiencesintocinemaandalsostimulatetheinvestors’enthusiasmforinvestinginthisindustry,whichisindeedapositivecircle.Thecentralgovernmenthasadoptedanewpolicytostimulatethedevelopmentofthedomesticmarket.Withtheestablishmentofacloserelationshipbetweenthedomesticandinternationalmarket,theinfluenceandcompetitivenessofdomesticfilmsinoverseaswillcertainlybeincreasing.ChinahasalsopromisedtofurtheropenitsentertainmentmarketinaccordancewiththeWTOagreement.

Atpresent,theChina’sfilmmakersmainlyhavefundsraisedbythemselves,butthenewfinancingchannelsareemerging.WiththeimprovementoftheChinesefinancialsystem,moreandmorefilmandtelevisioncompaniesarerelyingonfinancialinstitutionstoraisefundsandatthesametimeusingtheboxofficeearnings,copyrighttransferandtheactor’spersonalpopularityasguarantees.

13.單選題

Amanufacturerofsportsshoesstartssellingconsumerelectronics.Asoftdrinklendsitsnametoarangeofurbanclothing.What’sgoingon?Insimplertimes,youknewwhereyouwerewithbrands.Onebrandnamemeantgood-qualitysportsshoes,anotherasoftdrink.Noconfusion.Today,however,bigcompaniestrytoredefinebrandsasnotsomuchaproduct,moreawayoflife,andstretchthemintonewareas.Intheearlyyearsoftheconsumersociety,abrandnameonaboxsimplyidentifiedwhatwasinside.Peoplewerelookingforproductsthatwouldimprovetheirqualityoflife,andchoosebrandsmostlikelytoachievethatpurpose.Butaspeopleinindustrializednationsbecamemoreaffluentandfulfilledtheirbasicneeds,brandsacquiredotherattributes.Thefunctionalityoftheproductwasstillimportant,butpeoplealsostartedusingbrandstosaysomethingaboutthemselves,forexample,choosingabrandofcosmeticswhichwouldsuggestthattheyweresophisticatedjet-setters.

Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.Instead,companiesaretryingtomaketheirbrandsstandoutbyemphasizingtheiremotionalaspects,hopingconsumerswillidentifywiththesetofvaluesthebrandrepresents.

Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.Sofar,theirmarketingeffortsseemtobehavinglittleeffect.Theadvantageforemotionalbrandsisthatcompaniescantransfertheirbrandstrengthintootherareas,increasingrevenuesandreducingtheirexposuretothelifespanofasingleproduct.

Theelasticityofbrandsseemstoberelatedtotheirpositiononaspectrumrangingfromthoserootedinsolid,tangibleassetstothosewithhighlyintangibleemotionalqualities.Attheoneend,youhavetraincompaniesthattendtoassociatethemselveswithinfrastructureandtheirabilitytogetyoufromAtoB,andattheotherendwouldbealeisurebrandthatpositionsitselfondreamsandmakingpeoplehavefun.Itisthelatterwhichhasthemaximumpotentialforstretch.

Butevenemotionalbrandshavealimittotheirelasticity.Themerchandisehastobeconsistentwiththebrandpromise.Justtosellmerchandisewithyourlogoonitisashort-term,mistakenidea.Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.

Whenthemovewasmadefromsoftdrinksintoclothing,however,itleftthebrandingconsultantscold.Itwasadifficultmentalleapintoclothingfromthedrinksocloselyassociatedwiththatparticularbrandname.Ontheotherhand,theemotionalattributesthatyoungstersseemtofindappealinginthedrink,likeitsheritageandglobalappeal,arefashionableatthemoment,andinfactresponsetotheclotheswiththesamenamehasbeenoverwhelming.Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufa