2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號86

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Theplane（

）,itsbombsexplodingasithittheground.

問題1選項

A.smashed

B.crushed

C.plunged

D.crashed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。smash意為“打碎，打破，撞擊”；crush意為“壓壞，壓碎”；plunge意為“暴跌，驟降”；crash意為“碰撞、墜落，墜毀”，根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法，飛機失事，動詞都是用crash。

句意：飛機墜毀了，其炸彈在撞擊地面時爆炸。

2.翻譯題

Today,weanxiouslyscrutinizeexaminationscoresandworrywhetherourchildwillbeadmittedintoprestigiousuniversity.Mostofthetime,theirritatingchildorstudentwithlowscoresonlyreceivesnegativeattention.ConsideringthehueandcriesaboutteachingChinesestudentstobemorecreative,andtheconstantcomparisonsofthedifferencesbetweenEastandWesteducation,maybewearefutilelytryingtopoundsquarepegintoroundholes.

Creativityisrelatedtoproblem-solvingability,andthefundamentaltruthisthatcreativityandeffectivenesscallsforafullyengagedmind.Ontheonehand,acreativepersonislikeafleshandbloodcomputer,collecting,assembling,arrangingandintegratingdata.Ontheotherhand,thecreativepersonistheattentivestudentoflife.Peoplewantingtoacquireacreativementalitymustfirstandforemostbeinthemind-setoffullyembracingalloftheirlearningexperience.Themindisthechain,andthevarietyofideasandexperiencesarethegears.

Thepersonalorientationtowardachievementisanattitude.Learninganddemonstratingcreativedecision-makingisnotaby-productfrombeingconditionedtomemorizecorrectanswers,orretrieveexactbitsofdataforproducingahighfinalscore.Creativityisaby-productofmentalrisk-takingandexperimentation,andoneisfullyengagingpersonalthinkinginthefunofabstractplay:mentalgymnastics.

【答案】【參考譯文】今天，我們焦慮地查著考試分?jǐn)?shù)，擔(dān)心小孩是否有望被名牌大學(xué)錄取。大多數(shù)情況下，令人惱火的小孩或分?jǐn)?shù)低的學(xué)生僅得到消極的關(guān)心。在呼吁提高中國學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性的抗議聲和中西方教育差異的對比的影響下，我們的做法無異于方枘圓鑿不得其所。

創(chuàng)造力通常與問題解決能力相關(guān)，而且基本的事實是創(chuàng)造力和有效性需要全神貫注的頭腦。一方面，一個有創(chuàng)造力的人如同一臺有血有肉的計算機，對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行收集、匯集、整理和整合；另一方面，有創(chuàng)造力的人是生活中最細(xì)心的學(xué)生。想要擁有創(chuàng)造性頭腦的人必須首先下定決心去徹底領(lǐng)會所有的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。頭腦是鏈條，而各種想法和經(jīng)歷是齒輪。

個人的成就取向是一種態(tài)度。學(xué)習(xí)和展示創(chuàng)造性的決策，并不是為了獲得高分而習(xí)慣于記住正確答案或檢索精確數(shù)據(jù)的副產(chǎn)品。創(chuàng)造力是一種腦力冒險和試驗的副產(chǎn)品，且創(chuàng)造力需要完全地讓個人的思考忙于抽象活動（即腦力訓(xùn)練）的樂趣中。

3.翻譯題

Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehollow?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.

Afast-growingbodyofresearchisprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful;pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.“Ifyoucouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,”sayspsychologistCraig,“itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills.”

Yourabilitiescount,butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill.Inpart,that’sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.

Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistSeligmanandhiscolleaguesurveyedsalesrepresentativesataLifeInsuranceCompany.Theyfoundthatthepositivethinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegativethinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20percentmore.Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccessisinhis“explanatorystyle.”Whenthingsgowrong,thepessimisttendstoblamehimself,whiletheoptimistlooksforloopholes.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke.

Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.“Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed,”saysCraig.

Asenseofcontrolisthelitmustestforsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Thepessimistfeelslikefate’splaythingandmovesslowly.Hedoesn’tseeadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustifyandsometimesthat’swhatkeepsthemalive.Dr.SandraLeveyofPittsburgCancerInstitutestudiedwomenwithadvancedbreastcancer.Forthewomenwhoweregenerallyoptimistic,therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.Inapilotstudyofwomenintheearlystagesofbreastcancer,Dr.Leveyfoundthediseaserecurredsooneramongthepessimists.

【答案】【參考譯文】你看到的玻璃杯是半滿的還是半空的？你的眼睛是盯著炸面圈還是中間的那個洞？當(dāng)研究者們仔細(xì)觀察積極思維的力量時，這些陳詞濫調(diào)突然間都成了科學(xué)問題。

迅速增多的大量研究工作證明樂觀的態(tài)度可以使你更快樂、更健康、更成功。與此相反，悲觀則導(dǎo)致無望、疾病以及失敗，它與沮喪、孤獨、令人苦惱的靦腆密切相關(guān)。心理學(xué)家克雷格說：“如果你能夠教會人們更積極地思考，那就如同為他們注射了預(yù)防這些心理疾病的疫苗?！?/p>

你的能力固然重要，但你能成功的信念影響到你是否真能成功。在某種程度上，這是由于樂觀者和悲觀者以截然不同的方式對待同樣的挑戰(zhàn)和失望。

以你的工作為例。心理學(xué)家塞利格曼和他的同事對一家人壽保險公司的推銷員進(jìn)行了廣泛調(diào)查。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在工齡較長的推銷員中，積極思考者比消極思考者要多推銷37%的保險額。在新雇傭的推銷員中，樂觀主義者則多銷了20%。他們是如何做的呢？樂觀主義者成功的秘訣就在于他的“歸因方式”。出了問題之后，悲觀主義者傾向于自責(zé)，樂觀主義者則尋找漏洞。當(dāng)一切順利時，樂觀主義者看成是自己的功勞，而悲觀主義者只把成功視為僥幸。

無論是消極還是積極，都是一種本身會成為事實的預(yù)言。克雷格說：“如果人們感到?jīng)]有希望，他們就不會費事去獲得成功所需的技能?！?/p>

控制感是成功的試金石。樂觀者能夠掌握自己的命運。悲觀者則感到自己只能任由命運擺布，行動拖拉。既然認(rèn)為毫無辦法，他便不去尋求指點。樂觀主義者也許認(rèn)為自己比事實能夠證明的要強——有時正是這一點使他們充滿生機。匹茲堡腫瘤研究所的桑德拉?利維博士對患晚期乳腺癌的婦女進(jìn)行了研究。對那些通常持樂觀態(tài)度的婦女來說，兩次發(fā)病間隔的時間較長，而這是生存下去的最好預(yù)兆。在一次對早期乳腺癌婦女的小規(guī)模試驗性研究中，利維博士發(fā)現(xiàn)這一疾病在悲觀主義者身上復(fù)發(fā)更早。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

隨著年歲的增長，精力日減，效率漸低，作風(fēng)漸延：激情有失，理智有增?？磥恚@樣的互易不可能總是得失相當(dāng)?shù)摹５?，一定的年齡總有一定的長處。因此，可以告慰的是，即使你已度過了部分盛年，在未來的經(jīng)歷中，依然會有另一種盛年期的出現(xiàn)。某些重要的盛年期似乎在人生后期才達(dá)到頂峰。

原始人一旦由于周圍的許多令人愉快的情景而第一次開口大笑了，又由于笑對周圍所產(chǎn)生的那些明顯的愉快的效果，笑就開始具有了人類社會所特有的價值。具有用爽朗的笑聲來傳播愉快能力的人，開始比他的較為嚴(yán)肅、古板的同事更能享受到社會的優(yōu)惠，從而使自己處于有利的地位。他成了個“善于交際的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推舉的人，受到社會的喜愛。

當(dāng)今的世界，即非絲綢之路的吋代，亦非馬可波羅(MarcoPolo)吋代。從上海去東京，只需兩個多小時。從中國區(qū)地球另一端的美國，也能在日歷的同一天到達(dá)。昔日遙遠(yuǎn)的地理距離，被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)一下縮短到令人難以置信的程度。這是人類文明的共同成果。

【答案】Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughnessandpassionforreason.Theseexchangesmaynotalwaysseemfair,butateveryage,therearesomeadvantages.Soitisreassuringtonotethatevenifyou’vepassedsomeofyour“primes”,youstillhaveotherprimeyearstoexperienceinthefuture.Itseemsthatsomeprimeperiodwillreachitspeaklaterinourlife.

Oncetheprimitivemenburstoutlaughingforthefirsttimebecauseofsomethingpleasantaroundthem,andthenthelaughbringstheobviouslypleasanteffectaround,thelaughhashadvaluethatthehumanbeingsisholding.Thepersonwhopossessestheabilitytospreadhappinessbybrightandclearlaughwillgetmoresocialbenefitsthanhisseriousandstuffycolleagues,whichgetshiminanadvantageousposition.Thushebecomesa“goodmixer”whoiscommendedbyothers,especiallygiftedsocially.

TheworldtodayisneithertheeraofSilkRoad,northeageofMarcoPolo.ItjusttakesabouttwohoursfromShanghaitoTokyo.Onthesamedayonthecalendar,youalsocanarriveintheUnitedStatesontheothersideoftheearthfromChina.Thefargeographicdistanceoftheolddayshasbeenshortenedtoanunbelievableextentbymodernscienceandtechnology.It’sthecommonachievementsbroughtaboutbytheprogressofhumancivilization.

5.單選題

Betweenabout1910and1930,newartisticmovementsinEuropeanartweremakingthemselvesfeltintheUnitedStates.AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”(namedafteritsaddressontheFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.ButthemostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.

SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanlandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.Comparedwiththeworksoftherealistpainters,theworksofAmericanmodernistsweremuchfurtherremovedfromtheactualappearanceofthecity.Theyweremoreinterestedinthe“feel”ofthecity,moreconcernedwiththemeaningbehindappearance.However,boththepaintersofthe"AshCanSchool"andthelaterrealistswerestilltiedtonineteenthcenturyorearlierstyles,whiletheearlymodernistssharedintheinternationalbreakthroughsoftheartofthetwentiethcentury.

ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutionsincetheRenaissance.InCubismnaturalformswerebrokendownanalyticallyintogeometricshapes.Nolongerwasacleardifferentiationmadebetweenthefigureandthebackgroundofapainting.Theobjectsrepresentedandthesurfaceonwhichtheywerepaintedbecameone.TheCubistsabandonedtheconventionalsinglevantagepointoftheviewer,andobjectsdepictedfrommultipleviewpointswereshownatthesametime.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasameansthroughwhichAmericanartistslearnedaboutnewmovements?

3.WhydoestheauthormentionAlfredStieglitz?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasamajornewmovementinthetwentieth-centuryart?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwasafavoritesubjectforAmericanmodernists?

問題1選項

A.ThedevelopmentofCubism.

B.ModemartmovementsintheUnitedStates.

C.ContemporaryartistsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theinfluenceofphotographyonlandscapepainters.

問題2選項

A.Lessonsfromsuccessfulartists

B.Theexhibitionsatthegallery"291"

C.TripstoEurope

D.TheArmoryShowof1913

問題3選項

A.Todemonstratethatphotographywasthemajorinfluenceinmodemart.

B.Tocomparehimtootherartistsofthetime.

C.Topointoutthatmanyartistslearnedtheircraftbystudyingwithhim.

D.Togiveanexampleofsomeonewhohadaninfluenceonmodernart.

問題4選項

A.Renaissance

B.Cubism

C.Therationaltradition.

D.Impressionism.

問題5選項

A.Portraitsoffamouspeople

B.Countryscenes

C.Citylandscapes

D.Picturesofbuildings’interiors

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了20世紀(jì)的美國藝術(shù)運動，因此B選項“美國現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運動”符合題意。A選項“立體派的發(fā)展”主要體現(xiàn)在第三段中；文章沒有講當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家，故C選項“當(dāng)代美國藝術(shù)家”不正確；D選項“攝影對風(fēng)景畫家的影響”在第二段中稍有提及，過于片面。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.ButthemostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork（美國藝術(shù)家在巴黎之行和攝影家AlfredStieglitz的著名紐約畫廊291的展覽中熟悉了新的藝術(shù)。但是在美國現(xiàn)代運動傳播中最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動一時的軍械庫展覽）可知美國藝術(shù)家通過巴黎之行、291畫廊展覽和1913年的軍械庫展覽了解運動，只有A選項“成功藝術(shù)家的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)”沒有提及，因此選A。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.（美國藝術(shù)家在巴黎之行和攝影家AlfredStieglitz的著名紐約畫廊291的展覽中熟悉了新的藝術(shù)）可知此處是列舉幾個隊現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)有影響的例子，因此選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutionsincetheRenaissance.（其中最大的突破是1907年至1914年在法國發(fā)展充分的立體派，這引發(fā)了文藝復(fù)興以來的一場重大革命）可知選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanlandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.（幾個受軍械展影響的美國現(xiàn)代主義者發(fā)現(xiàn)了城市景觀是一個非常吸引人的話題，尤其是紐約）可知選C。

6.單選題

Theatmospherecontainswatervapor,butthereisalimittohowmuchwatercanbeevaporatedintoagivenvolumeofair,justasthereisalimittohowmuchsugarcanbedissolvedinonecupfulofcoffee.Moresugarcanbedissolvedinhotcoffeethanincold.Agivenvolumeofaircanholdmorewatervaporatahighertemperaturethanatalowertemperature.Theairissaidtobesaturatedwhenitholdsasmuchwatervaporasitcanatthetemperature.At20°Cacubicmeterofaircanholdabout17gramofwatervapor;at30°Citcanholdabout30gram.Usuallytheatmosphereisnotsaturated.Relativehumidity(expressedinpercent)istheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.Forexample,ifacubicmeterofairat20°Ccontains12gramofwatervapor,therelativehumidityis12gm/17gmx100=71%.Hydrometersareinstrumentsformeasuringrelativehumidity.Readingsonwetanddrybulbthermometerscanbecomparedwiththeaidofachartfromwhichonecanthenreadofftherelativehumidity.Thebasicprincipleofthisisthatevaporationisacoolingprocess.Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.Thereisnosimpleformulaforconvertingthistemperaturedifferencetorelativehumidity,andthereforeachartisused.

Ifunsaturatedairiscooled,itsrelativehumiditygoesup.Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.

1.Whenthereadingsonthewet-bulbthermometerandthedry-bulbthermometeraresimilar,wemayassumethat（

）.

2.Whenthetemperatureoftheairrisesabovethedewpoint,（

）.

問題1選項

A.wehaverelativehumidity

B.theairissaturated

C.thethermometerisinefficient

D.thetemperatureisabouttorise

問題2選項

A.dewwillform

B.itwillrain

C.therelativehumidityexceeds100%

D.evaporationislikelytotakeplace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Relativehumidityistheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.（相對濕度是給定體積空氣中實際存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量與飽和時存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量之比）和Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.（當(dāng)相對濕度較低時，濕球溫度計的蒸發(fā)率將很高，因此在這一天，濕球溫度計的讀數(shù)將大大低于干球溫度計）可推測當(dāng)干濕球溫度中的度數(shù)相近時，則說明相對濕度高，故相對濕度越高說明空氣中實際水蒸氣含量越接近飽和，因此選B。

2.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.（如果空氣溫度下降到足夠的程度，就會達(dá)到飽和，多余的水分就會沉淀出來。露點是指空氣必須冷卻到的溫度，以達(dá)到飽和，然后才會形成冷凝）可推測當(dāng)空氣中的溫度上升到高于露點溫度時，空氣中水汽將不會達(dá)到飽和，就會產(chǎn)生蒸發(fā)，因此選D。

7.單選題

Ifaforeignobjectbecomeslodgedintheeye,medicalhelpisnecessary.

問題1選項

A.depositedin

B.residedin

C.blurryto

D.isolatedfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lodgein意為“固定在，留在”；depositin意為“存放，存在”；residein意為“居住，存在于”；blurryto意為“模糊到”；isolatefrom意為“與……隔離”。

句意：如果有異物卡在眼睛內(nèi)，需要醫(yī)療救助。

8.翻譯題

在網(wǎng)上購物尚未走俏的時候，在空調(diào)、個人計算機、視頻游戲、英特網(wǎng)、手機、克隆技術(shù)、基因工程，以及其他一堆使這個人造世界越發(fā)誘人的發(fā)明出現(xiàn)之前，有人就表現(xiàn)出了憂慮。人造世界是為我們而建造的。它用美味佳肴供我們充饑，用精神糧食滋養(yǎng)我們的心靈。它給我們提供庇護(hù)，不受疾患和不適的侵害。它告知天下我們是如何聰穎；它滿足了我們的虛榮，蜷縮在由鋼鐵和混凝土，硅以及塑料構(gòu)筑的泡沫世界里，我們可以假裝在駕馭這個星球。

與之形成鮮明對照的是，自然世界的產(chǎn)生不是為了我們的舒適和方便。它在數(shù)十億年前就存在了，而人類的誕生則是在數(shù)十億年之后的事，但自然界的壽命卻要比人類更長久。自然界嘲笑我們的虛榮，因為它超越了我們對它的理解和控制。

【答案】【參考譯文】Somepeoplevoicedtheseworriesbeforethetriumphofonlineshoppingandbeforetheadventofair-conditioning,personalcomputers,videogames,theInternet,cellphones,cloningtechnology,geneticengineeringandaslewofotherinventionsthathavemadetheartificialworldevermoreseductive.Theartificialworldismadeforus.Itfeedsourbelliesandmindswithtastypabulum;itsheltersusfromdiscomfortandsickness;itproclaimsouringenuity;itflattersourpride.Snuginsidebubblesfashionedfromconcreteandsteel,fromsiliconandplasticandwords,wecanpretendwearerunningtheplanet.

Bycontrast,thenaturalworldwasnotmadeforourcomfortorconvenience.Itprecedesusbysomebillionsofyears,andhumanbeingcomesintobeingbillionsofyearslater,butthenaturalworldwilloutlastus;itmocksourpride,becauseitsurpassesourunderstandingandcontrol.

9.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

沒有永遠(yuǎn)的優(yōu)點，也沒有永遠(yuǎn)的缺點。這篇文章告訴我們，對待優(yōu)點和缺點應(yīng)當(dāng)采取客觀的態(tài)度。具體地說，盲目地崇拜他人的優(yōu)點必定會傷害我們的自信，而完全忽略自身缺點則會導(dǎo)致自負(fù)?？偠灾?，兩種極端都會使我們失去充分發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢的機會。因此，我們需要找到合適的方法釋放自己的優(yōu)勢，并且把暫吋的缺點轉(zhuǎn)化成優(yōu)點。

數(shù)字表明自我雇傭的英國人大多為男性，工作的吋間比全職工作的員工長而且賺得少。事實上，2007至2016期間，自我雇傭者的實際薪水要比受雇傭員工下降得更快。這或許能解釋為何英國近幾年的生產(chǎn)率提高速度如同蝸牛爬行。

對于以音樂為愛好的研究者來說，音樂有助于他們的研究。把他們的頭腦從實驗的結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密性以及數(shù)據(jù)的乏味中解脫出來，使之徜徉在韻律與節(jié)奏的世界里會幫助他發(fā)揮科學(xué)創(chuàng)造性。一位研宄者發(fā)現(xiàn)，令人滿意的表演持續(xù)幾天甚至僅幾個小吋之后，常給他開展研究的靈感。

USmilitaryhasbegundeployingamissiledefensesysteminSouthKorea.TheTHAADsystemisdesignedtoshootdownincomingmissiles.Chinasaysitwilltakeunspecifiedmeasuresagainstit.AndmanyKoreanandChineseareirritatedandtheyhavebeenprotestingagainstSouthKorea'sirresponsibleactionofthisdeployment.

Insomecases,alongerresumemightbeinorder.Forexample,graphicdesignersorvisualartistsmightbenefitfromcreatinganillustratedresume,andacademics,researchers,orlong-timeexecutivesmayneedmorethanonepagetocapturethebreadthoftheirexperience.Butingeneral,it'sbesttoavoidoverburdeningbusyrecruiterswitharesumethatdragsonandon.

Chinaiscomingupwithfinancialincentivestoencouragecouplestohaveasecondchild,assurveysshowmanyarereluctanttoexpandtheirfamiliesduetoeconomicconstraints.AnofficeroftheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionrevealedthepotentialmoveatasocialwelfareconference."TohaveasecondchildistherightofeachfamilyinChina,butaffordabilityhasbecomeabottleneckthatunderminethedecision,"hesaid.

【答案】Therearenopermanentmeritsordefects.Thisarticletellsusthatweshouldtreatthesemeritsanddefectsobjectively.Specifically,itwouldhurtourself-confidencetoadmireother’smeritsblindly,whilecompletelyignoringourownshortcomingswillleadtoself-esteem.Inshort,wewouldloseouropportunitiestogivefullplaytoouradvantagesbecauseoftheseextremes.Therefore,weneedtofindappropriatewaystoreleaseouradvantagesandturnthetemporarydefectsintodefects.

Thefiguresshowthatmostself-employedBritonsaremen.Theself-employedworklongerhoursandearnlessthanthefull-timeemployees.Actually,therealsalaryofself-employedfellfasterthanthatofemployedemployeesbetween2007and2016.ThismayexplainwhyBritonproductivityhasgrownatsnail’spaceinrecentyears.

Forresearcherinterestedinmusic,musicishelpfultotheirresearch.Releasingtheirmindsfromthestructuralrigoroftheexperimentandthetediousdata,toroamtheworldfullofrhythmwouldbeusefulforhimtoplayscientificcreativity.Oneresearcherfoundthatasatisfactoryperformanceoftenlastedforafewdaysorevenafterseveralhours,andofteninspiredhimtodoresearch.

美國軍方已開始在韓國部署導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)。薩德系統(tǒng)旨在擊落來襲導(dǎo)彈。中國將采取一定措施表示反對。許多韓國人和中國人都很憤怒，他們一直在抗議韓國不負(fù)責(zé)任的部署行動。

在某些情況下，可能需要篇幅長的簡歷達(dá)到整齊美觀效果。例如，平面設(shè)計師或視覺藝術(shù)家可能會從制作帶插圖的簡歷中獲益，而學(xué)者、研究人員或資深管理人員可能需要一頁以上的頁面來展示他們的豐富經(jīng)驗。但總的來說，最好避免給讓招聘人員在一份冗長拖沓的簡歷上花費過多的精力。

中國正在考慮鼓勵夫婦生育二胎的經(jīng)濟激勵措施，因為調(diào)查顯示，由于經(jīng)濟限制，許多人不愿擴大家庭成員。國家衛(wèi)生和計劃生育委員會一位官員在一次社會福利會議上透露了這一潛在的舉措。他說，“在中國，生第二個孩子是每個家庭的權(quán)利，但負(fù)擔(dān)能力卻成了阻礙這個決定的瓶頸?！?/p>

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Manypeoplequestionthestabilityofinternationalmarriages.Thishasalwayspuzzledme,becauseifyoustoptothinkaboutdivorceintheUSforamoment,youwillrecallthatmostofthemarriagesthatbreakuparebetweennative-bornAmericans.CertainlyIamnotawareofanystatisticsshowingahigherpropensitytodivorceinbi-nationalmarriagesthaninthemoreconventionalsort.Iseriouslydoubtthatthereisanymeaningfulrelationbetweenmaritalinstabilityanddifferencesinnationalityinsidemarriages.

Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftime.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeactions.

Therearelotsofreasonstobeconcerned.Whenleadingpolicy-makersandeconomistsspeakabouttheboomingglobaleconomyandthebenefitsoffreetrade,theytoooftenignorethepeoplewhoarelosingout.TheCEOsofMicrosoftandBoeing,co-chairsoftheSeattleHostCommitteefortheWTOmeeting,areamongthewinners.Buttheformglobalizationhastakenhasincreasedthegapbetweenrichandpoornations.

【答案】

許多人質(zhì)疑跨國婚姻的穩(wěn)定性。這種質(zhì)疑讓我覺得疑惑，因為如果你停下來想一想美國的離婚問題，你會想到大多數(shù)破裂的婚姻都是土生土長的美國人之間的。當(dāng)然，我并不認(rèn)為有任何統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)可以表明，跨國婚姻比傳統(tǒng)婚姻更容易走向離婚。我對婚姻的不穩(wěn)定和婚姻中的國籍差異之間是否有任何有意義的關(guān)系是十分懷疑的。

在這些變化和轉(zhuǎn)折中，我們對生活方式的感受會經(jīng)歷四個感知領(lǐng)域的細(xì)微變化。第一，是我們內(nèi)心對自己和他人的看法。第二，是我們在生活的各種威脅面前所具有的安全感。第三，是我們對時間的感知。最后，是我們對自己的精力和活力的直覺變化。這些都是朦朧的感覺，它們構(gòu)成了我們生活的基調(diào)，并影響著我們采取行動前的各種決定。

這里有很多因素值得關(guān)注。當(dāng)主要的決策者和經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們談到蓬勃發(fā)展的全球經(jīng)濟和自由貿(mào)易的好處時，他們往往忽視了那些失敗者。微軟和波音的首席執(zhí)行官都是贏家，他們將聯(lián)合擔(dān)任這次世界貿(mào)易組織西雅圖會議接待委員會的主席。但已經(jīng)形成的全球化形式增加了貧富國家之間的差距。

11.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

事實上，與普通高校畢業(yè)生相比，名校畢業(yè)生由于享受更好的資源、受到更好的教育，所以他們也就更有創(chuàng)造力和生產(chǎn)力。而且，從知名高校畢業(yè)的學(xué)生會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無論在心理上還是在學(xué)術(shù)上都更突出一些，因而也更加自信，這就形成了良性循環(huán)。

幾周以前，英國食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局(FSA)發(fā)表了一份報告。報告評估了有機生產(chǎn)的水果、蔬菜、肉類、蛋類和奶制品等與非有機生產(chǎn)的同類食品營養(yǎng)水平的差異。這是一項完整而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)难芯?。通過研究他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在營養(yǎng)成分上，有機和非有機食品間的差距可以忽略不計。

根據(jù)心理學(xué)家克里斯托弗?彼得森的觀點，自尊與幸福度和生活滿意度有關(guān)。我們尊心越強，幸福度和生活滿意度就越高。它要求我們對自己的自尊有清醒的認(rèn)識，但不要期待自己會十全十美。要原諒自己犯下的錯誤，并盡快擺脫消極的態(tài)度。

Theobesityisanationalhealthcrisis,onethat—quiteliterally—weighsonusall.Itcostslives.Itcostsdollars.Andinthecontextofourcurrenthealth-reformdebateinWashington,it’stimewetookaction,asanationandasindividuals,toaddressthiscost.Whileinfectiousdiseasewasadisasterthreateningourgrandparents'generation,chronicdiseaseiskillingusandharmingourwell-being—andobesityistherootcause.Thegrowthinobesityisstronglylinkedtoheartdisease,hypertension,andtheexplosionofdiabetesthatourcountryiscurrentlyexperiencing.

Thecontextofleadershipischanging,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmoderncompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchiesarebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.Instead,thereshouldbeasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowertoLead,stressesacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichiscalledsmartpower,isthebestapproach.

ForEmilyDickinsontherearethreeworlds,andshelivedinallofthem,makingthemthesubstanceofeverythingthatshethoughtandwrote.Therewastheworldofnature,thethingsandthecreaturesthatshesaw,heard,feltabouther;therewasthe"estate"thatwastheworldoffriendship;andtherewastheworldoftheunseenandunheard.Fromheryouthshewaslookeduponasdifferent.Shewasdirect,impulsive,original,andthedrollwitwhosaidunconventionalthingswhichothersthoughtbutdarednotspeak,andsaidthemincomparablywell.Thecharacteristics,whichmadeherinscrutabletothosewhoknewher,continuetobewilderandsurprise,forshelivedbyparadoxes.

【答案】Asamatteroffact,thegraduatesfromeliteschoolsaremorecreativeandproductivethanthosefromcommonschools,asbetterresourcesandeducationareavailablefortheformer.Furthermore,whatcontributestothebetterdevelopmentisthatthegraduatesfromeliteschoolsaremoreconfident,becausetheyfindthemselvesoutstandingbothinmentalityandinacademy.

Afewweeksago,theFoodStandardsAgency(FSA)intheUKissuedareportevaluatingnutrientlevelsinorganicversusnon-organicfoodslikefruits,vegetables,meats,eggs,anddairyproducts.Itisacomplete,rigorouspieceofresearch.Andtheyfoundthat,intermsofnutritionalcontent,thedifferencesbetweenorganicandnon-organicfoodsarenegligible.

Thepsychologist,ChristopherPeterson,suggestthatself-esteemisrelatedtohappinessandlifesatisfaction.Thestrongertheself-esteemis,themorehappinessandlifesatisfactionyouwillachieve.Wearerequiredtohaveareasonableunderstandingthatself-esteemdoesnotmeanalwaysbeingperfectandweshouldforgiveourmistakesandgetridofthenegativeattitudeassoonaspossible.

肥胖是一場全國性的健康危機，并且毫不夸張地說，它對我們大家都很重要。它危險生命、消耗金錢。目前在華盛頓進(jìn)行的醫(yī)療改革談?wù)撝?，現(xiàn)在是我們作為一個國家和個人采取行動解決這一問題的時候了。雖然傳染病曾威脅我們祖父母一代，但慢性疾病正在折磨著我們，侵蝕著我們的幸福，而肥胖是根本原因。肥胖的增長與我國目前正在經(jīng)歷的心臟病、高血壓和糖尿病的爆發(fā)密切相關(guān)。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力發(fā)揮作用的環(huán)境正在發(fā)生改變，因此過去強調(diào)硬實力的理論正逐漸過時。在現(xiàn)代企業(yè)和民主國家，權(quán)力日益擴散，傳統(tǒng)的等級制度正在受到破壞，使軟實力變得更加重要。但是那并不意味著高壓政治現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該讓位于勸導(dǎo)手段。相反，應(yīng)該綜合這兩種觀點?！额I(lǐng)導(dǎo)的力量》這本書的結(jié)論強調(diào)稱為巧實力的軟硬實力的結(jié)合才是最好的方法。

對艾米麗?狄金森來說，存在三種世界，她生活在這三種世界之中，使它們成為她思想和寫作的材料。一種是自然的世界，為她所看、所聽、所感受到的事物和生物；一種是友情的世界，是屬于“個人財產(chǎn)”；還有一種看不見、聽不見的世界。從她年輕的時候起，人們就認(rèn)為她與眾不同。她直率、沖動、獨樹一幟。另外，她還是一位愛打趣的才女，是那種能說出別人想說去敢說說的不合常規(guī)的想法，而且說得非常好。這些使她不為所知曉她的人所理解的性格特征繼續(xù)令人迷惑和驚訝，因為她生活在矛盾之中。

12.單選題

Modeminternationaljointventuresaremoredynamicanddifferentfrom（1）subsidiariesandsimilarorganizationalformsinthepast,sotraditionalcontrolsystemsmaynotbeapplicable.Newformsofinternationalmanagementhavenotbeenstudiedverymuchintheirownright-forexample,

（2）

ontheuseofaccountingandotherinformationtoevaluateperformance.

OrganizationaldesignshouldincludecontrolmechanismswhenanIJVisplanned.TheMacquarieGroup,forexample,boaststhatthekeytoitssuccessisauniquemanagementstylethatprovidesindividualbusinesseswithabalancebetween

（3）

freedom,controlsonrisklimitsandobservanceofprofessionalstandards.Thegroup’sargumentisthatthispolicyencouragesasenseofownershipandentrepreneurshipandhasproduced

（4）

majorfinancialinnovations.

Competentinternationalmanagersconsideralsothevaryinglevelsofcontrolbydifferentpartiestojointventures.Theyareusuallyeasiertomanageeitherifoneparentplaysadominantroleindailyoperationsorifthelocalgeneralmanagerhasconsiderablemanagementcontrol(

5）

bothparentsoutofmostofthedailyoperations).

Inanycase,themoreissues

（6）

beforeamerger,theless

（7）

tobreakup.Controloverstabilityandsuccessisbuiltlargelyintoinitialagreements.Contractsspecifyresponsibilitiesandrights.Whereownershipisunequal,controlandstaffingchoices

（8）

..ownershipshare.Inparticular,choicesofgeneralmanagersinfluencerelativeallocationofcontrolbecausetheyareresponsibleforrunningtheventureandforcoordinatingrelationships.Whereownershipisdividedamongseveralpartners,theparentstendto

（9）

dailyoperationstothelocalventuremanagersbecausethisavoidsmanypotentialdisputes.Inaddition,increasedautonomyoftheventuretendstoreduc