2022年考研考博-考博英語-中央美術(shù)學院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號15

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中央美術(shù)學院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopic“UncivilizedBehaviorsinPublic”Youshouldwriteatleast160wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.在公共場合有哪些不文明行為

2.造成這些不文明行為的原因

3.怎樣改進這些不文明行為

【答案】略

2.單選題

Thebankrefusedto（）himanymoney,sohehadtopostponebuyingahouse.

問題1選項

A.credit

B.borrow

C.loan

D.lease

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。credit“信任，把…歸給”；borrow“借”；loan“貸款，借款”；lease“出租，租用”。句意：這個銀行拒絕貸款給他，所以他不得不推遲買房子。C項符合題意。

3.單選題

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Iftheyknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward（）.

2.Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?

3.Accordingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepassage,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingfactsabout“tokeneconomics”isNOTcorrect?

問題1選項

A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewards

B.theappropriateamountofexternalrewards

C.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactions

D.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents’performance

問題2選項

A.Theyapproveofexternalrewards

B.Theydon'tthinkexternalrewards

C.Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards

D.Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcollegestudents

問題3選項

A.Giverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem

B.Alwayspromiserewards

C.Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging

D.Bemoretoleranttostudentswhenmistakesaremade

問題4選項

A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillstudents'creativity

B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

C.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandards

D.discouragingthestudents’anticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency

問題5選項

A.Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks

B.Rewardsaregivenforgoodperformances

C.Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask

D.Withtokeneconomics,students，creativitycanbeenhanced

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.研究行為和行為之間關系的行為主義者認為，獎勵可以提高工作和學習表現(xiàn)。其他一些研究精神生活各個方面的研究人員認為，這些獎勵會鼓勵人們依賴他人的認可和禮物，從而破壞創(chuàng)造力?！笨芍芯空邔τ讵剟钍欠衲芴岣吖ぷ骱蛯W習表現(xiàn)持相反意見。故D項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.后一種觀點得到了許多人的支持，尤其是教育工作者?！焙笠环N觀點即第一段提到的反對觀點。故B項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Iftheyknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”如果他們知道自己是為了獎勵而工作，并且能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谝豁椣鄬哂刑魬?zhàn)性的任務，他們就會表現(xiàn)出最大的創(chuàng)造力，”特拉華大學紐瓦克分校的RobertEsenberger說。但如果對表現(xiàn)不佳的學生進行獎勵，或者讓學生對獎勵有太多的預期，就很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造力?？芍狢項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.Esenberger認為，如果一個老師不斷地把注意力放在獎勵上，或者對一般的成績給予高分，那么他最終只能培養(yǎng)出缺乏靈感的學生。作為后一種觀點的例證，他指出，主要大學正在努力加強評分標準，恢復下降的成績?！笨芍狝項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.這位特拉華大學的心理學家稱，在較早的年級，所謂的代幣經(jīng)濟學（tokeneconomics）的使用顯示出提高努力程度和創(chuàng)造力的潛力。代幣經(jīng)濟學指的是讓學生處理具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，并根據(jù)表現(xiàn)獲得分數(shù)，從而獲得有價值的獎勵?？芍狟項“對好的表現(xiàn)給予獎勵”不正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

（）occasionaldifferencesofopinion,RonandPaulgetalongverywell.

問題1選項

A.Exceptfor

B.Outof

C.Inspiteof

D.Inadditionto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項Exceptfor“除了...以外”；B選項Outof“由于”；C選項Inspiteof“盡管，不顧”；D選項Inadditionto“除...之外，還有...”。句意：盡管偶爾意見有分歧，但羅恩和保羅相處得很好。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Shethinksaboutnothingbutdancing.Sheiscompletely（）toit.

問題1選項

A.addicted

B.absorbed

C.involved

D.interested

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項addict“使沉迷，使上癮”，一般和介詞to搭配；B選項absorb“承受，理解，使..全神貫注”，一般和介詞in搭配；C選項involve“涉及，使陷于，潛心于”，一般和介詞in搭配；D選項interest“感興趣”，一般和介詞in搭配。根據(jù)句意“她只想跳舞。她完全上癮了?！敝挥羞x項A能和介詞to搭配，所以A正確。

6.單選題

Allthepartsofthiswashingmachineare（）,sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.

問題1選項

A.normalized

B.modernized

C.mechanized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項normalized“標準化的，正?；?，常規(guī)化的”；B選項modernized“現(xiàn)代化的”；C選項mechanized“機械化的”；D選項standardized“標準化的，規(guī)范化的”。根據(jù)句意“這臺洗衣機的所有部件都是標準化的，更換起來非常方便。”這里是說零件是合乎標準的，規(guī)范化的，所以選項D最恰當。

7.單選題

WhenImakeapromise,Ialways（）it.

問題1選項

A.keep

B.hold

C.catch

D.carry

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。句意：當我許下承諾時，我一定會信守諾言。keeppromise意為“信守承諾”，所以選項A正確。

8.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburnscancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項disclosure“披露，揭發(fā)”；B選項exhibition“展覽，顯示”；C選項contact“接觸”；D選項exposure“暴露”。句意：過多地暴露在X光下會導致皮膚灼傷、產(chǎn)生癌癥或造成其他身體上的損傷。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Hetriedto（）hisinvolvementinthisscheme,buthefinallygaveinandconfessed.

問題1選項

A.reject

B.deny

C.refuse

D.decline

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項reject“拒絕，排斥，抵制”；B選項deny“否認，拒絕給予，拒絕…的要求”；C選項refuse“拒絕接受，謝絕”；D選項decline“婉拒，下降”。根據(jù)句意“他試圖否認自己參與了這個計劃，但最后還是屈服并招供了。”這里表示的是否認做過某事，選項B符合語境。

10.單選題

Thereisalready（）cleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.

問題1選項

A.witness

B.certification

C.identify

D.evidence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。witness“證人，目擊者”；certification“證明，鑒定”；identify“鑒定，識別”；evidence“證據(jù)”。句意：有證據(jù)清晰地表明植物和動物受到氣候變化的影響。D項符合題意。

11.單選題

Ibumpedmyheadonthedoorpostandnowa（）hascomeup.

問題1選項

A.lump

B.knob

C.pump

D.bubble

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項lump“腫塊”；B選項knob“瘤”；C選項pump“泵”；D選項bubble“氣泡”。句意：我的頭撞在了門柱上，現(xiàn)在腫了起來。選項A符合語境。

12.單選題

Tomwashighly（）teacherwhotookhisdutiesseriouslybuthehadneitherthepersonalitynorabilitytoachievemuchsuccess.

問題1選項

A.conscientious

B.efficient

C.capable

D.talented

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項conscientious“認真的，盡責的”；B選項efficient“有效率的”；C選項capable“有能力的”；D選項talented“有才能的”。分析句子可知，who后面引導的定語從句修飾teacher，根據(jù)填空處也應該填入一個形容詞來修飾teacher，由此可知，填空處單詞應與定語從句表達的意思相近，tookhisdutiesseriously指的是“盡職盡責的”，選項A與之意思最接近，所以正確。

13.單選題

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.assaulted

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。addict“上癮的”；allege“宣稱，斷言”；assault“攻擊，襲擊”；ascribe“歸因于，歸咎于”。句意：據(jù)稱，這家飯店歧視黑人顧客。B項符合題意。

14.單選題

Althoughthetrafficisnotbusy,helikestodriveata（）speed.

問題1選項

A.spare

B.fast

C.moderate

D.moral

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。spare“額外的，空閑的”；fast“迅速的”；moderate“適度的，穩(wěn)健的”；moral“有道德的”。句意：盡管交通不擁擠，他喜歡以適中的速度開車。由although和notbusy可知空格處應填意思與之相反的詞。故C項符合題意。

15.單選題

Thereisno（）tothehousefromthemainroad.

問題1選項

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，機會”；avenue“林蔭大道，方法”；exposure“暴露”；edge“邊緣”。句意：沒有通道從主路通往那個房子。A項符合題意。

16.單選題

Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fit”insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.

Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatuses,andallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.

Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoose,styleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefamerorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoo,comereadymade,andtherangeofchoice,amongthemislimited.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses（）.

3.Theword"appraisal"inparagraph2mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto（）.

5.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefarmerorthatofaHinduprince”(Para.3),thewritermeans（）.

問題1選項

A.makefriendswithotherpeople

B.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjob

C.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituations

D.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeople

問題2選項

A.inordertobetteridentifyothers

B.astheirmentalprocesseschange

C.asthesituationchange

D.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothers

問題3選項

A.involvement

B.assessment

C.appreciation

D.presentation

問題4選項

A.constantmentalprocess

B.selectingone’sownstatus

C.curiosityofotherpeople'sstatuses

D.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriately

問題5選項

A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothes

B.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterations

C.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited

D.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段首句“Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe‘fit’insociety.地位是人類不可思議的發(fā)明，它使我們能夠彼此和睦相處,并決定我們在社會中‘適當?shù)摹恢谩！币簿褪钦f，在與他人相處時舉止得體，選項D符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句“Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,ataveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.我們所假定的身份常常隨著我們遇到的人而變化，并且在一生中不斷變化。我們大多數(shù)人都能以非?？斓乃俣燃俣ǜ鞣N情況所需要的狀態(tài)。”也就是說，人們所假定的身份隨著外部環(huán)境的改變而發(fā)生改變。選項C符合原文。

3.語義推斷題。A選項involvement“牽連，包含”；B選項assessment“評定，估價”；C選項appreciation“欣賞，鑒別”；D選項presentation“描述，介紹”。根據(jù)原文句意：這意味著我們的行為與其他人的行為相適應是建立在對他人的評價和解釋這種持續(xù)的心理過程之上的。由此可知，appraisal指評估，判斷，所以選項B與之意思相近。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句話可知，這里的it指的是前半句提到的“thetask”，而“thetask”指代的是上文提到的fitouractionstothoseofotherpeople。所以選項D符合原文。

5.作者意圖題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，作者通過將身份比作衣服，說明身份像衣服一樣，受到社會的限制，選擇的范圍有限。所以選項C正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

17.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandtranslateitintoChinese.

1.Uponlearningofthisculturalpreference,Hallmarkreactedquickly.EventhoughChineseandJapanesedescendantsofRomeoandJulietarenowabletobuygreetingcardsintheirnativelanguage,HallmarkhasmadesurethesupplyofgreetingcardsinEnglishisplentiful.Thus,theircustomerscanachievebothadisplayoftheirhipcosmopolitanflair,whilealsosendingtheirsweetiethatall-importantmessageofloveatthesametime.

2.Englishasalinguafrancaisnothingmorethanausefultool:itisa“l(fā)anguageforcommunication”,amediumthatisgivensubstancewiththedifferentnational,regional,localandindividualculturalidentitiesitsspeakersbringtoit.Englishitselfdoesnotcarrysuchidentities,anditisnota“l(fā)anguageforidentification”.AndbecauseofthevarietyoffunctionalusesofglobalEnglish,Englishhasalsoagreatpotentialforpromotinginternationalunderstanding.Itsdifferentspeakersmustalwaysworkoutacommonbehaviouralandinterculturalbasis.

【答案】1.在了解到這一文化偏好之后，霍爾馬克公司快速做出了反應。盡管“羅密歐與朱麗葉”的中國和日本后裔現(xiàn)在都能買到母語賀卡，但霍爾馬克公司同時確保了英語賀卡的供應充足。這樣，他們的顧客既可以展示他們時尚的世界性眼光，同時也可以向他們的愛人傳達最重要的愛的信息。

2.作為一種通用語，英語只不過是一種有用的工具:它是一種“交流的語言”，是一種由其使用者賦予了不同民族、地區(qū)、地方和個人文化特色的物質(zhì)媒體。英語本身并沒有這種身份，它也不是一種“身份識別語言”。而且，由于全球英語功能用法的多樣性，英語在促進國際理解方面也具有巨大潛力。不同的使用者必須始終制定出一個共同的行為和跨文化基礎。

18.單選題

EstherwantedtogotoPhiladelphiabyherself,butherparentswouldnotgivetheir（）.

問題1選項

A.contest

B.consent

C.convenience

D.control

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項contest“比賽，爭論”；B選項consent“同意，準許”；C選項convenience“便利”；D選項control“控制，管理”。根據(jù)句意“Esther想自己去費城，但她的父母不同意”。選項B符合句意。

19.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeuptoone-fifththetotal（）forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項

A.acceptable

B.available

C.advisable

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。acceptable“可接受的”；available“可獲得的，可得到的”；advisable“明智的，可取的”；applicable“可適用的，可應用的”。句意：大體上，學生的房租支出最多只能占可多得的生活總費用的五分之一。B項符合題意。

20.單選題

Nutritional（營養(yǎng)的）statusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalactivityandlearningexperience.Poorly-nourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowthelessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfromaddedridiculeandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children'sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorly-nourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.（營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)）Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyoradeprivedenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalancebetweenthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorovernutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostcriticalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringcertainstagesofearlychildhoodcannotalwaysbereversedwithimproveddietaryintake.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby（）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

問題2選項

A.Children'sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltothepoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdisease.

D.The4cycle’indicatesthatillnesscanturnthepoornutritionalconditionfortheworse.

問題3選項

A.adeprivedenvironment

B.unwisefoodselections

C.undernutrition

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.overnutritionisevenmoreharmfulthanundernutrition

B.malnutritionhasserouseffectsonchild'sphysicaldevelopment

C.thenutritionalconditionofyoungchilddeservesmoreconcernthanthatofadult

D.thenutrientsintakecanbeimprovedasthechildgrowsup

問題5選項

A.Thedifferencebetweenwellandpoorly-nourishedchildren.

B.Theeffectsofnutritiononchildren.

C.Thecauseofmalnutrition.

D.Theimportanceofbalanceddietaryintake.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalactivityandlearningexperience.營養(yǎng)良好的兒童更警覺和專注，并能更好地從體育活動和學習經(jīng)驗中獲益?！庇纱丝芍x項A、C、D均符合原文，只有選項B是營養(yǎng)不良的孩子傾向于做的事，所以本題選B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Children’sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.兒童對感染和疾病的抵抗力也肯定受到營養(yǎng)狀況的影響?！痹牟]有提及二者是成正比的關系，所以選項A錯誤。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三自然段的內(nèi)容可知，營養(yǎng)不良并不總是與貧窮或貧困的環(huán)境有關。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因為不明智的食物選擇而營養(yǎng)不良。營養(yǎng)不良可能是營養(yǎng)不足或營養(yǎng)過剩的結(jié)果。由此可知，選項A、B、C均是導致營養(yǎng)不良的原因，所以選項D正確。

4.判斷推理題。原文最后兩段講到了幼兒營養(yǎng)不良的問題，呼吁父母更多的關注孩子營養(yǎng)問題，所以選項C正確。A選項“營養(yǎng)過剩比營養(yǎng)不足更有害”在原文并沒有明確的信息提及；B選項“營養(yǎng)不良對兒童的身體發(fā)育有嚴重影響”是原文明確提出的信息，不是暗示的；D選項“隨著孩子的成長，營養(yǎng)素的攝入量可以提高”在原文也沒有提及，所以只有選項C正確。

5.主旨大意題。原文首段第一句話就點明了本文的主題“Nutritionalstatusaffectschildren’sbehavior.營養(yǎng)狀況影響孩子的行為?！苯酉聛淼膬?nèi)容也主要是圍繞著“營養(yǎng)狀況對孩子的影響”這個話題展開，所以選項B最能概括全文。

21.單選題

Amtrak（美國鐵路客運公司）wasexperiencingadownswinginridership（客運量）alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1）anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2）travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

1.What'stheauthorspurposeinwritingthispassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat（）.

3.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized（）.

4.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofits

because（）.

問題1選項

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica'sstandardofconvenience

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes

問題2選項

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience

問題3選項

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C.theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips

D.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips

問題4選項

A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiences

B.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprograms

C.theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percent

D.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences

問題5選項

A.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.作者意圖題。本文主要講述了美國鐵路客運公司為應對飛機和汽車的競爭所采取的應對策略，Amtrak將焦急的飛行者和旅游愛好者視為目標群體，然后對其進行廣告的投放，最終取得一定效果。故作者的意圖是強調(diào)廣告的勸說性功能在改變消費者態(tài)度方面的作用。故D項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.然而，時代變了，汽車成為了美國方便的標準。而且，航空旅行很容易就成為長途旅行最快的方法。”可知美國鐵路客運量下降主要是由于汽車和飛機的出現(xiàn)，火車不再是最快且最方便的交通方式。故B項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.它強調(diào)了乘坐火車所獲得的體驗，并將西方火車旅行描述為美妙的冒險。”可知DDBNeedham強調(diào)火車旅行的冒險性。故C項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.這些廣告被戰(zhàn)略性地放置在以家庭為導向的涉及自然和美國的電視節(jié)目中，以便最有效地觸及目標觀眾。”可知這些廣告投放主要是為了能讓目標觀眾看到，而前面已經(jīng)提及目標觀眾是travel-lovers和fliers。故D項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)廣告展示了一些更著名的西部路線沿線可以欣賞的美麗風景的圖片，并強調(diào)了這些火車的浪漫名字（帝國建造者等）?！笨芍蹏ㄔ煺咛柫熊嚨目土髁可仙窃从诹熊嚨拿趾蛷V告中宣稱的路線和風景。故A項正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

22.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

世外桃源

陶淵明寫過一篇文章叫《桃花源記》。文中講述了一個漁人出外捕魚時，偶然來到一個叫“桃花源”的地方。從這里的一個山洞穿過去，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個村子。這是一個與世隔絕，沒有壓迫和剝削，人人安居樂業(yè)的美好世界。漁人告別村民回家以后，卻再也找不到這個地方了。現(xiàn)在人們用這個成語比喻與世隔絕的美好世界。

【答案】TaoYuanmingwroteanarticlecalled“PeachBlossomSpring”.Ittellsastorywhichgoeslikethis:Afishermanhappenedtocomeuponaplacecalled“PeachblossomLand”.Squeezingthroughacave,hefoundavillage.Itwasaparadiseisolatedfromtheoutsideworld,withoutexploitationoroppression,andeverybodylivingandworkinginpeaceandcontentment.Thefishermanleftthevillagersandwenthome.Buthecouldneverfindtheplaceagain.Nowpeopleusethisidiomtomeananisolated,idealworld.

23.單選題

Forprofessionalathletes,（）totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybook.

問題1選項

A.access

B.attachment

C.appeal

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，進入，機會”；attachment“附件，依戀”；appeal“呼吁，懇求”；approach“方法，方式”。句意：對于專業(yè)的運動員來說，有機會進去奧林匹克意味著他們有機會進去歷史書。A項符合題意。

24.單選題

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad（）fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

問題1選項

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。fade“褪色，逐漸消失”；illustrate“闡明，舉例說明”；confine“限制，緊閉”；concern“影響，牽掛，關系到，涉及”。句意：他大腦中童年時代的所有記憶在他65歲時都逐漸模糊。A項符合題意。

25.單選題

Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner（）shehadpromised.

問題1選項

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。such和as搭配，so和that搭配，所以這里只能填入as。句意：這頓晚餐并不像她所承諾的那樣好。選項D正確。

26.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingfiveunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

Youcannotfindorwillyoueverfindgoldonthesurface.IthastobediscoveredandhastobefounddeepinsidetheEarth’sground.1.Andittakesyearstofindthegoldandthisiswhyitissovaluable.Noteveryonehasit.

Characteristhesame.Youwillnotfindcharacteronthesurface.Youcanonlyfindcharacterdeepinsideyoursoul.2.Andyourcharacterisonlydiscoveredwhenthereischaos.Yourcharacterisnevertestedwhenthingsaregoingyourway.

3.Youhavetodigdeepinsideofyoutofindthecharacterandwhenyoudothatyouwilldiscoverthetruegold.

Youconsistentlyrememberonhowyoutreatothers.Areyoukindorunkind?Doyouhavemanners?Areyourespectful?Thesearequestionsweaskeachother.

4.Thisiswhyyourcharacterisyourgoldmine.Youmustguardyourcharacterjustlikeyouwouldguardyourgold.Donotletanyonetakeitordestroyit.

5.Peoplewilltestyouinlifeandeventsinlifewillshakeyou.However,whenthishappenspleaselookdeepinsideandfindyourcharacterbecauseyourcharacterwillhelpyousucceedanyevent.

Yourcharacterisyourgold.

【答案】1.這個過程很費時間，所以黃金才那么珍貴，不是每個人都能夠擁有。

2.只有混亂發(fā)生的時候你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)它，只有在事情不順心的時候你的品質(zhì)才會得到考驗

3.向自我的深處挖掘，尋找你的品質(zhì)，這樣你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的黃金。

4.這就是為什么說你的品質(zhì)是你的金礦。你一定要守護你的品質(zhì)，就像你會守護自己的黃金一樣。

5.在生活中，有的人會考驗你，有的事情會使你動搖。

27.單選題

Everyartistknowsinhisheartthatheissayingsomethingtothepublic.Notonlydoeshewanttosayitwell,buthewantsittobesomethingwhichhasnotbeensaidbefore.Hehopesthepublicwilllistenandunderstand,hewantstoteachthem,andhewantsthemtolearnfromhim.

Whatvisualartistslikepainterswanttoteachiseasytomakeoutbutdifficulttoexplain,becausepainterstranslatetheirexperiencesintoshapesandcolo