2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京體育大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號26

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京體育大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin（

）.

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

問題2選項

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

問題3選項

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

問題4選項

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

問題5選項

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理學家特別感興趣的是，團體的壓力究竟會在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點。選項A符合原文。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“wrongline”定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小組的其他成員先回答，但志愿者不知道的是，他們被告知要選錯一條線。這里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”，所以選項D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，這個實驗中超過一半的被選中的受害者會改變他們的觀點。大多數(shù)人解釋說，他們知道小組的選擇是錯誤的，但他們最終屈服于小組的壓力，因為小組的選擇是全體一致的。所以選項B正確。

4.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這個實驗實際上是想證明第一段提出的觀點“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”團體的壓力究竟會在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點。最后得出結(jié)論，大多數(shù)會在團體壓力下改變他們的想法。所以選項D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。文章在第一段提出觀點“當一個人加入一個群體時，他往往會接受這個群體的行為和思維標準”，后面通過實驗來證明這個觀點。選項A和C表述太籠統(tǒng)，相對于選項D，選項B“我們害怕與眾不同嗎?”這個標題更好。

2.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledtheSecondIndustrialRevolution.

Labor’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyaboutitseffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Unquestionably,however,therewillbemajorshiftsinjobswithinplantsanddisplacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthistransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitsplans.ItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinSUBplanhasadirectfinancialstakeinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongincentiveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibledisruptioninjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlylaidoffworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactor,whichcallsforwageincreasebasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itisprobable,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Welearnfromparagraph1thatautomationwillprobablyleadto（

）.

2.Laborhastheopinionthat（

）.

3.Whatistherelationbetweenautomationandemploymentintheopinionoflabor?

4.Theunionstressesthat（

）.

5.Howmanynewpoliciesoftheunionshavebeenlistedinthispassage?

問題1選項

A.industrialexpansion

B.anincreaseinemployment

C.displacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother

D.anincreaseinunemployment

問題2選項

A.alleffortsmustbemadetopreventautomation

B.automationwillcauseariseinconsumercosts

C.itsmaininterestliesinincreasingallwages

D.technologicalchangecannotbestopped

問題3選項

A.Automationwilldefinitelyleadstomoreunemployment.

B.Fromalong-termpointofviewautomationwillbringaboutmorejobs.

C.Automationwillnotcausemuchchangeinemployment.

D.Sooneroflaterautomationwilldoalltheworkinsteadofman.

問題4選項

A.workersshouldalsoenjoythefruitsbroughtaboutbyautomation

B.noworkersshouldbefiredinthedevelopmentofautomation

C.itisnecessarytoslowdownthedevelopmentofautomation

D.workersshouldbepaidaccordingtotheirlengthofservice

問題5選項

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“自動化減少了生產(chǎn)過程中的人為因素，包括精神和身體上的因素，旨在使這樣一種情況成為可能——用更少的工人生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品?！庇纱丝赏茢?，工人減少會導致失業(yè)率上升，所以這就是自動化所導致的結(jié)果。選項D正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.”總的來說，勞動者們認為抵制技術變革是徒勞的。選項D符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.”從長遠來看，自動化的結(jié)果很可能會導致就業(yè)的增加，因為在制造、維護和維修自動化設備領域?qū)霈F(xiàn)大量的行業(yè)。選項B符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.”工會發(fā)言人強調(diào)，自動化帶來產(chǎn)量增加和成本降低的好處，應該通過提高工資、增加休閑時間和提高生活水平的形式，讓工人們共享。也就是說，工人也應該享受自動化帶來的好處。選項A符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“newpolicies”定位到最后一段“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseis...Anotherapproachis...”為了在自動化時代保護工會成員的利益，工會采取了一系列新政策。其中之一是……另一種方法是……。由此可知是個政策，所以選項B正確。

3.單選題

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?

4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“（

）".

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

問題1選項

A.Theoriginsoftheatre.

B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance

C.Theimportanceofstorytelling

D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.

問題2選項

A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.

B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.

C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.

D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.

問題3選項

A.Dance.

B.Costumes.

C.Music

D.Magic.

問題4選項

A.thoughtful

B.substantial

C.relational

D.ceremonial

問題5選項

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章主要討論什么?’。文章前兩段介紹了一種被廣泛接受的一個理論，即戲劇是從儀式演變而來的。在最后一段還介紹了兩種有關戲劇起源的不同理論，一個是認為戲劇起源于人類對講故事的興趣，另一個將戲劇的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文圍繞著“戲劇的起源”這一主題展開，A選項‘戲劇的起源’正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘作者在第一段中討論了戲劇的哪些方面?’。根據(jù)文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.隨著時間的推移，一些儀式被廢棄了，但這些后來被稱為神話的故事流傳下來，為藝術和戲劇提供了素材?！贝_定作者在文章第一段討論了神話和戲劇情節(jié)之間的關系，所以C選項‘神話和戲劇性情節(jié)之間的聯(lián)系’正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項不被提及為戲劇和儀式的共同元素?’。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來的人也認為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子，因為音樂、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?！贝_定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服裝’和C‘音樂’都有提及，D選項的“巫術”沒有提及，符合題意。

4.詞匯題。題干詢問‘第2段下劃線的“considerable”一詞在意義上最接近…’?！癱onsiderable”出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句話中，修飾名詞“importance重要性”，句意是‘由于在儀式的制定過程中避免錯誤的發(fā)生受到了……重視，宗教領袖通常承擔這項任務?！鶕?jù)“avoidingmistakes避免錯誤”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教領袖來承擔該項任務”可以確定B選項‘大量的’。正確

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)這篇文章，儀式和戲劇的主要區(qū)別是什么?’。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來的人也認為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子，因為音樂、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?！贝_定A選項‘儀式用音樂，而戲劇不用’不正確。B項“宗教儀式比戲劇短”與C項“宗教儀式相比戲劇有更少的表演者”在文中沒有提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最終，這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)形式從宗教活動中分離了出來?！贝_定D項“宗教儀式有一個宗教目的，而戲劇沒有”正確。

4.單選題

“DoyoumindifEdwardridesinyourcar?”

“Yes,Ido.I’llbegladtotake（

）Edward.”

問題1選項

A.somebodyelsethan

B.anybodybut

C.someotherpersonbut

D.anyoneelsethan

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。題目是一個情景對話，所以需要關注上下文，上文提問說‘你介意愛德華乘坐你的車嗎？’，下文回答‘是的，介意?！鶕?jù)這里我們可以推知后一句應該是‘除了愛德華，其他人我都不介意?！痑nyonebutsb.為固定用法，表示“除了某人之外的所有人”，所以B選項正確。

5.單選題

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis（

）orsocialposition.

問題1選項

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析題。A選項curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”;B選項status“地位，身份”;C選項determination“決心，果斷，堅定”；D選項significance“（尤指對將來有影響的）重要性，意義”。根據(jù)表示并列的連詞or和后面的名詞“socialposition社會地位”確定B選項正確。

6.單選題

Whydoescreamgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.

Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions—tinyglobules（小球體）ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat’sintheglobulesandwhat’sinthesurroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.

Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.“Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture.”Hesays.

Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.“Inbutter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthehoteliergrowing.”SaysBrocklehurst.

Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.

1.ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst’sresearchisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfasterthanbutterbecausebacteria

（

）.

3.AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘colonies’’refersto

（

）.

5.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack（

）.

問題1選項

A.itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservatives

B.itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutter.

C.itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutter.

D.itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition

問題2選項

A.aremoreevenlydistributedincream

B.multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutter

C.liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutter

D.producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter

問題3選項

A.removingitsfat

B.killingthebacteria

C.reducingitswatercontent

D.alteringitsstructure

問題4選項

A.tinyglobules

B.bacteriacommunities

C.wateryregions

D.littlecompartment

問題5選項

A.byvaryingitschemicalcomposition

B.byturningitintoasolidhump

C.whilekeepingitsstructureunchanged

D.whileretainingitsliquidform

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Brocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.”，可知對于為什么奶油比黃油壞的問題的研究是由Brocklehurst主導的。又根據(jù)文章第一段，“afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.”，可知對這一問題研究的結(jié)果和發(fā)現(xiàn)，有助于幫助去除一些加工食品中的化學防腐劑?？膳袛喑鯞rocklehurst的研究的意義在于提供了一種可以不使用防腐劑而使某些食品保持新鮮的方法。因此選項A符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黃油中，水樣溶液的小球被鎖在脂肪中。而使食物變壞的細菌更喜歡生活在混合物的含水區(qū)域?？膳袛喑鲈谀逃椭校毦菀自谶@種混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油會更快變質(zhì)。因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.”，可知研究人員已經(jīng)在與食品公司合作，希望能通過改變食物的結(jié)構(gòu)使其具有抵抗細菌攻擊的能力?？膳袛喑鲅芯空連rocklehurst表示，我們可以通過改變食物的結(jié)構(gòu)來使奶油保險，抵抗細菌入侵。因此選項D符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.”，可知當情況發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)時，細菌被鎖在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔間里。根據(jù)trappedinthisway可判斷出，此句是對上一句情況的繼續(xù)描述，所以非謂語動詞的邏輯主語仍然不會改變，這里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都為主語。可判斷出colonies也是指細菌。因此選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.”，可知Brocklehurst認為將有可能制造出用于沙拉醬中的乳劑，就像用于黃油的乳劑一樣。關鍵是在保持沙拉醬液體的狀態(tài)，而不是變成固體塊。可判斷出如果能使沙拉醬在保持液態(tài)的狀態(tài)下能同時抵抗細菌的侵襲，那么這項研究成果將有可能用于商業(yè)用途，所以關鍵在于是要保持液體狀態(tài)。因此選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehaveto（

）it.

問題1選項

A.postpone

B.refuse

C.delay

D.cancel

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。A選項postpone“延遲，延期”；B選項refuse“拒絕，回絕”；C選項delay“延期，推遲”；D選項cancel"取消，撤銷，終止”。as引導的原因狀語從句，句意是‘因為不能再等訂貨的送達，我們不得不取消訂單?！訢選項正確。

8.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereports,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountriesarebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidtheclimatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmhecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAdreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問題1選項

A.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

B.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問題2選項

A.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

B.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists

C.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

D.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

問題3選項

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itdeservesourclosetsattention.

C.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated

問題4選項

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問題5選項

A.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced

B.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards

C.Howemissionsofheattrappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalsale.

D.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum…”，可知全球人道主義論壇的一份報告顯示，全球變暖每年導致30多萬人死亡，造成大約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟損失?？膳袛喑鋈蛉说乐髁x論壇發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變暖導致疾病死亡率上升。因此選項A符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一二段主要提到了人道主義論壇報告的具體內(nèi)容，第三段提到了相關態(tài)度和評價。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.”，可知這份報告招致了一些氣候和風險專家的批評，他們對報告的方法和結(jié)論提出了質(zhì)疑?？膳袛喑鲞@份報告受到了一些氣候和風險專家的質(zhì)疑。因此選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“RogerPielkeJr….saidtheForum’sreportwas‘a(chǎn)methodologicalembarrassment…’”，可知皮爾克=表示，該論壇的報告存在“方法論的尷尬”。可判斷出Dr.Pielke在方法論上是無效的。因此選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.”，可知SorenAdreasen認為這份報告的數(shù)據(jù)只是粗略估計，是針對世界各國領導人，他們將在于12月在哥本哈根舉行會議，就一項新的國際氣候條約進行談判。可判斷出Adreasen認為報告的粗略估計是為了引起世界領導人的注意。因此選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.”，可知Annan強調(diào)，談判需要把重點放在增加從富有地區(qū)流向貧困地區(qū)的資金問題上，以幫助他們降低面對氣候災害的脆弱性，同時減少溫室氣體的排放?？膳袛喑鯧ofiAnnan認為哥本哈根會議的重點應該放在富國如何才能更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候災害的問題上。因此選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Hedenied（

）tosendoutthesignalatexactly8p.m.

問題1選項

A.havingbeentelling

B.beingtold

C.tobetold

D.havingbeentold

【答案】D

【解析】deny后面一般接動名詞,所以首先排除選項C,denied為過去式,所以被告知應該為過去完成且為被動語態(tài),所以選項D正確。

10.問答題

Themuseumisclosedthisafternoon.(Thereis)

【答案】Thereisnomuseumavailablethisafternoon.

11.單選題

Notuntilshoutedatthetopofmyvoice（）hishead.

問題1選項

A.thatheturned

B.didheturn

C.hedidn’tturn

D.hehadturned

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句的用法。Notuntil放在句首時使用部分倒裝——主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

W:DoyoumindifItakeacoupleofhoursoffthisafternoon?

M:OK,butwhatfor?

Q:Whatisthewomanaskingfor?

問題1選項

A.Advice

B.Leave

C.Time

D.Reason.

【答案】B

【解析】題目中“takeacoupleofhoursoff”的意思是“請幾個小時的假”，和B選項的“askforleave”意思相同，B選項正確。

13.單選題

Inmyopinion,youcanwidenthe（

）oftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.

問題1選項

A.dimension

B.volume

C.magnitude

D.scope

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。dimension尺寸；volume體積；magnitude大??；scope范圍。句意：在我看來，你可以通過積極參與來擴大這些改進的范圍。選項D更符合語境。

14.單選題

Notuntilthegamehadbegun（

）atthesportsground.

問題1選項

A.hadhearrived

B.wouldhehavearrived

C.didhearrive

D.shouldhehavearrived

【答案】C

【解析】語法（倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)和時態(tài)）題。Notuntil表示否定意義，位于句首時，主句部分需要部分倒裝。從句中的謂語動詞hadbegun為過去完成時，主句中的謂語動詞為一般過去時，用來強調(diào)從句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前，所以C選項正確。

15.翻譯題

IfandwhensuchaleaguebecomesrealityinChina,itwillnodoubtbeoneofthehottestadvertisingplatformsinsports.Butadvertisersaren’twaitingforallthelogisticstogetworkedout—theywanttocashinonChina’shotfansnow.

HoustonhasbeenreapingthebenefitsofYao’smarketingpullforseveralyearsnow,butMilwaukeeisjuststartingtogetatasteofwhatYiJianlianhastooffer.ChinesecompanieslikePeakhavealreadythrownadvertisingdollarstheBucks’way.NowtheBucksarestartingtoseethecashflowtheotherdirectionasAmericancompaniesbeginusingthemtoadvertiseacrosstheocean.

ThisweektheMilwaukeeJournalSentinel（密爾瓦基新聞衛(wèi)報）reportedthatMilwaukee-basedRockwellAutomationInc.hasbegunadvertisingcourtside（球場邊緣區(qū)）duringBucks’games—inChinese.“We’redoingthissolelytotargetourChinesecustomers,”Rockwellspokes?manJohnBemadentoldthepaper.Rockwell’sad,whichrollsacrossthescorers’tableduringeachgameformaybeaminuteofcumulativeexposure,costRockwellsixfigurestoplace.Butwithanestimated150millionpotentialcustomerswatchingeachBucksgameinChina,thepriceseemsmorethanworthit.

Thepaper’sreportsaystheBucksareseekingoutmoreChinese-languageadvertisers.AstheNBAgainssteaminChina,findingthemshouldnotbedifficult.

【答案】如果這一聯(lián)盟在中國變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實，那它無疑將成為體育界最熱門的廣告平臺之一。但是廣告商不會等待所有籌劃準備工作完成，他們現(xiàn)在就想在中國狂熱的籃球迷身上大賺一筆。

幾年來，休斯敦依靠姚明的市場吸引力獲利豐厚，但密爾沃基才剛剛嘗到易建聯(lián)帶來的利潤甜頭。像匹克這樣的中國公司已經(jīng)開始將大筆的廣告費投入到雄鹿隊身上?，F(xiàn)在雄鹿也開始看到美國的公司反過來利用它們在海外做廣告。

本周，《密爾瓦基新聞衛(wèi)報》報道說總部位于密爾瓦基的羅克韋爾自動化有限公司已經(jīng)開始在雄鹿隊比賽期間用中文在場邊做廣告。羅克韋爾的發(fā)言人約翰.博納登告訴《密爾瓦基新聞衛(wèi)報》說：“我們的廣告就是針對中國客戶的?！绷_克韋爾公司的廣告在每場比賽的記分牌旁滾動播出，大約累計一分鐘就會花掉該公司六位數(shù)的費用。但據(jù)估計，有一億五千萬的中國潛在消費者觀看雄鹿的比賽，這點廣告費簡直是物超所值。

該報還指出雄鹿正在尋找更多的中文的廣告商。隨著NBA在中國的崛起，想找到這樣的人肯定不難。

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