2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)32

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（），awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Circulation

B.reproduction

C.manipulation

D.penetration

【答案】A

【解析】句意：美國(guó)報(bào)紙的新技術(shù)革命帶來了（）、覆蓋面拓寬和新聞工作的增加。A選項(xiàng)circulation發(fā)行量；B選項(xiàng)reproduction復(fù)制；生殖；C選項(xiàng)manipulation操縱，控制；D選項(xiàng)penetration滲透，A符合句意。

2.單選題

Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancialoutlookforthenextyearwasoptimistic.Theyexpectincreasedtax（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficiency

B.revenues

C.privileges

D.validity

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃委員會(huì)對(duì)他們下一年的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景持樂觀態(tài)度。他們期盼稅收增加。

efficiency效率；revenue稅收，收益；privilege特權(quán)；validity有效性。taxrevenue表示“稅收”，是常用詞組。故本題選B。

3.單選題

Picture-takingisatechniquebothforannexingtheobjectiveworldandforexpressingthesingularself.Photographsdepictobjectiverealitiesthatalreadyexist,thoughonlythecameracandisclosethem.Andtheydepictanindividualphotographer’stemperament,discoveringitselfthroughthecamera’scroppingofreality.Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.

Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentin“taking”apicture.Accordingly,theidealofaphotographerasanobserverisattractivebecauseitimplicitlydeniesthatpicture-takingisanaggressiveact.Theissue,ofcourse,isnotsoclear-cut.Whatphotographersdocannotbecharacterizedassimplypredatoryorassimply,andessentially,benevolent.Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotherisalwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.

Animportantresultofthecoexistenceofthesetwoidealsisarecurrentambivalencetowardphotography’smeans.Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightmaketobeaformofpersonalexpressiononaparwithpainting,itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine.Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke.Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographersaretemptedtodisarmthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,preferringtosubmitthemselvestothelimitsimposedbypremoderncameratechnologybecauseacruder,lesshigh-poweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,toleavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.Forexample,ithasbeenvirtuallyapointofhonorformanyphotographers,includingWalkerEvansandCartierBresson,torefusetousemodernequipment.Thesephotographershavecometodoubtthevalueofthecameraasaninstrumentof“fastseeing”.CartierBresson,infact,claimsthatthemoderncameramayseetoofast.

Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsintaste.Thecultofthefuture(offasterandfasterseeing)alternatesovertimewiththewishtoreturntoapurerpast—whenimageshadahandmadequality.Thisnostalgiaforsomepristinestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscurrentlywidespreadandunderliesthepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandthewokofforgottennineteenth-centuryprovincialphotographers.Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness.

1.Accordingtothepassage,interestamongphotographersineachofphotography’stwoidealscanbedescribedas（）

2.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（）

3.TheauthormentionstheworkofHaroldEdgertoninordertoprovideanexampleof（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,thetwoantitheticalidealsofphotographydifferprimarilyinthe

（）

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbemostlikelytobegintheparagraphimmediatelyfollow-ingthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rapidlychanging

B.cyclicallyrecurring

C.steadilygrowing

D.unimportanttotheviewersofphotographs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.establishingnewtechnicalstandardsforcontemporaryphotography

B.analyzingtheinfluenceofphotographicidealsonpicture-taking

C.tracingthedevelopmentofcameratechnologyinthetwentiethcentury

D.describinghowphotographers’individualtemperamentsarereflectedintheirwork

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.howacontrolledambivalencetowardphotography’smeanscanproduceoutstandingpictures

B.howthecontentofphotographshaschangedfromthenineteenthcenturytothetwentieth

C.thepopularityofhigh-speedphotographyinthetwentiethcentury

D.therelationshipbetweenphotographicoriginalityandtechnology

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.valuethateachplacesonthebeautyofthefinishedproduct

B.emphasisthateachplacesontheemotionalimpactofthefinishedproduct

C.degreeoftechnicalknowledgethateachrequiresofthephotographer

D.wayinwhicheachdefinestheroleofthephotographer

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Photographers,asaresultoftheirheightenedawarenessoftime,areconstantlytryingtocap-tureeventsandactionsthatarefleeting.

B.Thusthecultofthefuture,theworshipofmachinesandspeed,isfirmlyestablishedinspiteofeffortstothecontrarybysomephotographers.

C.Therejectionoftechnicalknowledge,however,canneverbecompleteandphotographycan-notforanylengthoftimepretendthatithasnoweapons.

D.Thepointofhonorinvolvedinrejectingcomplexequipmentis,however,ofnosignificancetotheviewerofaphotograph.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.第二段最后一句提到兩種理想拍照方式中總會(huì)有一種在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)并占主要地位。所以說拍攝者的興趣在兩種理想模式間是循環(huán)往復(fù)的，故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者最后說明了兩種拍照理念對(duì)于攝影發(fā)展的影響。所以B項(xiàng)“分析拍攝理念對(duì)于攝影的影響”符合文意，B項(xiàng)正確。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段：Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymight....Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke”。作者以HaroldEdgerton為例，說明了攝影師和機(jī)器設(shè)備之間的關(guān)系。D項(xiàng)正確。

4.第二段第一句話:“Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentintakingapicture.”。這兩種對(duì)立的觀念主要在于攝影師和旁觀者在攝影時(shí)是否扮演著積極的角色。D項(xiàng)正確。

5.題干問的是“文章接下來將會(huì)討論什么？”最后一句話為：Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness（攝影師和旁觀者似乎需要質(zhì)疑自己對(duì)攝影的認(rèn)知）。由此可推測(cè)，文章接下來將會(huì)繼續(xù)講解與拍照認(rèn)知有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。所以C項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Itcannotbedeniedthattheexistingresourcesonearthwillbedepleted,butscientistsare（）toconcedetheinevitabilityofthatday,realizingthatnewenergiescanbefoundinthenearfuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bound

B.unprepared

C.hesitant

D.likely

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意：毫無疑問，地球上存在的資源將會(huì)枯竭。但是科學(xué)家認(rèn)為

在不久的將來會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新的資源。bound有義務(wù)的；unprepared沒有準(zhǔn)備好的；hesitant有疑慮的；likely可能的。此處，belikelyto為固定搭配，意為“可能做某事”。故選D。

5.單選題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict.Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometerminorderto（）

2.Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat（）.

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”mostprobablymeans（）

4.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict（）.

5.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“（）'

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetition

B.reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimals

C.isanoppositionamongindividualsocialentities

D.canbeavoided

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

B.Isconflictdesirable?

C.Iswarinevitable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干定位至第一段。作者給出一些兩種對(duì)抗術(shù)語的定義是為了將兩種對(duì)抗加以區(qū)分。C項(xiàng)正確。

2.題干問的是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)比沖突的不同在于什么。定位至第二段：Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict（許多作家根據(jù)動(dòng)物世界為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)中具有適者生存的規(guī)律這一點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的。通常來講，這種斗爭(zhēng)從本質(zhì)上來說是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而不是沖突）。據(jù)此可知，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不同于沖突是因?yàn)楦?jìng)爭(zhēng)從本質(zhì)上來說是為了生存。

3.根據(jù)題干定位至第一段：Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.（沖突和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)都是對(duì)立的范疇，被定義為社會(huì)實(shí)體互相傷害的過程）。因此，該短語為互相傷害。

4.文章最后指出：Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis（盡管競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不可避免，卻不能認(rèn)為國(guó)家間類似于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的沖突也是不可避免的）。據(jù)此可知，作者認(rèn)為沖突是可以避免的，D項(xiàng)正確。

5.文章開篇點(diǎn)明主題：Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters（一個(gè)讓世界上許多偉大的作家憂心的問題是：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是否不可避免）。后文從各方面論述了“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是否不可避免”這個(gè)問題。

6.單選題

Tocompensateforthesubstantialdeclineintheavailabilityoffossilfuelsinfutureyears,wewillhavetoprovideatleast（）alternativeenergysource.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ananticipated

B.anofficial

C.anequivalent

D.aredundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：為了彌補(bǔ)未來幾年中礦物燃料供應(yīng)量的大幅度下降，我們不得不提供一種至少是（）的替代能源。

anticipated預(yù)期的，期望的；official官方的，正式的，公務(wù)的；equivalent等價(jià)的，相等的；redundant多余的，過剩的。C選項(xiàng)“相等的”符合句意。

7.單選題

Thegovernmentwill（）theeconomynextyearanddevelopthetraderelationswithothercountriesquickly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abuse

B.amount

C.accumulate

D.accelerate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：明年，政府將（）經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，并且快速同其他國(guó)家發(fā)展貿(mào)易關(guān)系。abuse濫用，虐待；amount總計(jì)，合計(jì)；accumulate積累，積聚；accelerate促進(jìn)；（使）加快。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Theprofessorgave（）instructionforcarryingouttheresearchproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explicit

B.formidable

C.afflictive

D.dominant

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：為了完成研究項(xiàng)目，教授給了簡(jiǎn)介。explicit詳盡的，詳述的；formidable可怕的，難以對(duì)付的；afflictive令人痛苦的，苦惱的；dominant支配的，顯性的。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cumulative

B.destructive

C.turbulent

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。cumulative積累的；destructive破壞性的，毀滅性的；turbulent騷亂的，混亂的；prevalent普遍的。句意：颶風(fēng)是具有殺傷力的風(fēng)，其（）力量在于其能夠造成的物質(zhì)損壞。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Ifyou（）thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.setoff

【答案】B

【解析】短語辨析。句意：如果你酒瓶和煙，你會(huì)更健康。takeoff脫掉，起飛；keepoff擋住，禁食，不接近；getoff下車；setoff出發(fā)，（使）開始。因此，B項(xiàng)keepoff符合句意，在此表示“遠(yuǎn)離，戒掉，不接近”。

11.單選題

Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it（）intofragments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokethrough

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。句意：木頭腐爛成那樣了，我們拉它的時(shí)候，它就

片了。

brokeaway脫離，放棄，裂開；brokeoff折斷，突然停止；brokeup分手，破碎；brokethrough突破。

后半句有一個(gè)“fragments（碎片）”,C項(xiàng)符合句意。雖然A項(xiàng)breakaway也可表示“弄碎”的意思，但后面一般不與“into（sth.）”連用。

12.單選題

Thecriticismfromthepublichas（

）thisnovel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eclipsed

B.avenged

C.baffled

D.broadened

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：公眾的批評(píng)使這部小說黯然失色。故選A。

13.單選題

Itisdifficultto（）thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributeto

B.audit

C.bare

D.attain

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：即使你一直努力工作，也很難這個(gè)目標(biāo)。attributeto歸因于；audit稽查，審計(jì)；bare揭開;脫掉（衣服）；attain獲得，達(dá)到。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)（）ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.multitude

D.attitude

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：英語中的單詞，在曰常談話中幾乎用不到。altitude高度、海拔；latitude緯度；multitude多數(shù)；attitude態(tài)度。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout“race”：howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yet,the（1）phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications.

Wejudgeraceusually（2）thecoloringoftheskin：awhiterace，abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.But（3）youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot（4）anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged，Thereis（5）inphysicalstructture,thebrainortheinternalorgansto（6）adifference.

Therearefourtypesofblood.（7）typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe（8）?Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswill（9）insize,butthisoc-curswithineveryrace.（10）doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain（11）examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak（12）Ontheotherhand,someofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad（13）brains.

Mentaltestswhicharereasonably（14）shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.（15）equaleducationaladvantages,therewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandings,ei-theronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace（16）civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofagroupofpeople（17）enablethemtobehaveina/an（18）way.

Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstances,buttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew（19）isbetterandhigherthananything（20）thepast

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complete

B.full

C.total

D.whole

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.from

C.at

D.on

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.if

C.as

D.while

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.speak

B.talk

C.tell

D.mention

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.something

B.everything

C.nothing

D.anything

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.display

B.indicate

C.demonstrate

D.appear

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.All

B.Most

C.No

D.Some

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.same

B.identical

C.similar

D.alike

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.increase

C.decrease

D.vary

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.Only

B.Or

C.Nor

D.So

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.ever

B.then

C.never

D.once

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.health

B.body

C.mind

D.thought

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.big

B.small

C.minor

D.major

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.true

B.exact

C.certain

D.accurate

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.Provided

B.Concerning

C.Given

D.Following

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.cause

C.move

D.turn

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.but

C.though

D.so

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.ordinary

B.peculiar

C.usual

D.common

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.what

C.whichever

D.whatever

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.within

D.in

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查上下文語義。空格所在句的前一句提到certainthings，因此whole（所有的；完整的）應(yīng)放在空格處與之對(duì)應(yīng)。

2.考查固定搭配。句意：我們通常根據(jù)皮膚的顏色來種族。judgefrom意為“根據(jù)……作出判斷”，故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系詞。句意：但是去除了皮膚，你就無法辨別一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)種族。B項(xiàng)if在空格處引導(dǎo)條件句。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：但是如果去除了皮膚，你就無法一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)種族。tell意為“辨別”，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)speak講，談；B選項(xiàng)talk說，討論；D選項(xiàng)mention提到，C選項(xiàng)tell符合句意。

5.考查上下文語義。句意：去除了皮膚就無法辨別一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)種族，身體結(jié)構(gòu)、大腦或內(nèi)部器官方面也差異。C項(xiàng)nothing意為“沒有什么”，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：身體結(jié)構(gòu)、大腦或內(nèi)部器官方面也沒有差異。A選項(xiàng)display顯示，陳列；B項(xiàng)indicate表明；指出；C選項(xiàng)demonstrate證明，顯示；D選項(xiàng)appear出現(xiàn)，B項(xiàng)indicate符合句意。

7.考查上下文語義。句意：在每個(gè)種族中都可以找到血液類型，沒有哪種血型是某個(gè)種族獨(dú)有的。A選項(xiàng)All全部的；B選項(xiàng)Most大部分的；C選項(xiàng)No沒有的；D選項(xiàng)Some一些，所以A選項(xiàng)All符合句意。

8.考查上下文語義。在每個(gè)種族中都可以找到所有的血液類型，沒有哪種血型是某個(gè)種族獨(dú)有的。因此推測(cè)空格處可能是說人腦也一樣。thesame意為“一樣，同上”，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：大腦的大小會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)remain留下，保持；B選項(xiàng)increase增加，增大；C選項(xiàng)decrease減少，減??；D選項(xiàng)vary變化，不同。因此D選項(xiàng)vary符合句意。

10.nor含否定意義，放在此空格處，句意為：大腦的大小和智力沒有任何關(guān)系。而且后面主謂倒置（部分倒置），故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

11.句意：檢測(cè)出的最大的大腦來自一個(gè)智力差的人。ever意為“曾經(jīng)，以前”，在空格處表示“有史以來”，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

12.考查名詞詞義。句意：有史以來檢測(cè)出的最大的大腦來自一個(gè)差的人。A選項(xiàng)health健康；B選項(xiàng)body身體；C選項(xiàng)mind智力，頭腦；D選項(xiàng)thought思想，C選項(xiàng)mind符合句意。

13.考查上下文語義?？崭袼诰涞那懊嫣岬阶畲蟮拇竽X來自一個(gè)智力差的人，后面一句說Ontheotherhand，因此推測(cè)后面是說：另一方面，某些最杰出人士的大腦卻很小。B選項(xiàng)small意為“小的”，故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

14.考查形容詞詞義。句意：非常智力測(cè)驗(yàn)表明種族間的智力沒有差異。A選項(xiàng)true真實(shí)的，正確的；B選項(xiàng)exact準(zhǔn)確的；C選項(xiàng)certain某一，已確定的；D選項(xiàng)accurate精確的。D選項(xiàng)accurate符合句意。

15.句意：平等的教育條件，無論是哪個(gè)種族還是哪個(gè)地域的人，他們的平均排名沒有差異。

A選項(xiàng)Provided如果；B選項(xiàng)Concerning關(guān)于；C選項(xiàng)Given如果有（機(jī)會(huì)等）；D選項(xiàng)Following之后，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：每個(gè)種族的成員都會(huì)文明的倒退或進(jìn)步。A選項(xiàng)make使產(chǎn)生，制造；B選項(xiàng)cause引起；C選項(xiàng)move移動(dòng)；D選項(xiàng)turn使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，因此B選項(xiàng)cause符合句意。

17.考查邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诰涞木湟鉃椋号嘤?xùn)和教育可以改變一群人的反應(yīng)，使他們能夠以一種特有的方式行事。前后兩句為并列關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

18.考查形容詞詞義。句意：培訓(xùn)和教育可以改變一群人的反應(yīng)，并且使他們能夠以一種方式行事。A選項(xiàng)ordinary普通的；B選項(xiàng)peculiar異常的；特有的；C選項(xiàng)usual常見的；D選項(xiàng)common共有的，普通的，因此B選項(xiàng)peculiar符合句意。

19.考查定語從句。句意：他們總是可以重新開始或者繼續(xù)嘗試比以往更好的新事物。That在空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞something，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

20.考查介詞。句意：繼續(xù)嘗試比更好的新事物。D選項(xiàng)inthepast意為“在過去；以往”，符合句意。

16.單選題

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legible

B.laden

C.radical

D.medieval

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:理論和實(shí)踐之間有根本的區(qū)別。故選C。

17.單選題

Theytossedyourthoughtsbackandforthforoveranhour,butstillcouldnotmake（）ofthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impression

B.comprehension

C.meaning

D.sense

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意：他們反復(fù)考慮了你的觀點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)多小時(shí)，但是仍然不能（）它們。impression印象；comprehension理解；meaning意思；sense感覺；觀念；道理；理智。makesenseof為固定搭配，意為“理解”。

18.單選題

Whiletyping,Kathyhadahabitofstopping（）ogiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptly

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.occasionally

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：在打字的時(shí)候，凱西停下來梳理一下她柔順的長(zhǎng)發(fā)的習(xí)慣。promptly敏捷地，迅速地；simultaneously同時(shí)地；eventually最終，最后；occasionally偶爾。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Whichissafer—stayinghome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately，thefor-meris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.For-tunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947)，F(xiàn)lixborough(1974)，Seveso(1976)，Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives，justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateapar-ticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸銨)，whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialre-pairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadtheycaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause

3.Accordingtothepassage，thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanage-menthappenedat（）

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexperts，wemayconcludethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.naturalgas，whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasureshadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段指出：However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemical

industry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（飛行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)比化工廠工作怎么樣？不幸的是，前者風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是后者的65倍）。由此推斷D選項(xiàng)“化工廠工作比飛行更安全”為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Chemicalaccidents”定位到文中第二段的“Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.”可知，化工事故經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致死亡，這是這類事故特別具有報(bào)道價(jià)值的原因。據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“faultofmanagement”定位至第四段：TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement（Flixborough的火球是因錯(cuò)誤的管理造成的）。據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“ammoniumnitrate”定位至第四段：ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate（硝酸銨），whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity（得克薩斯城的爆炸是由數(shù)噸硝酸銨引起的，這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)大量存儲(chǔ)就會(huì)發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)）。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

5.第四段的表明：safeunlessstoredingreatquantity,thefaultofmanagement,lackknowledgeofthedanger和localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction（大量存儲(chǔ)的危險(xiǎn)、錯(cuò)誤的管理、危險(xiǎn)知識(shí)的缺乏、當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)者沒有采取有效行動(dòng)）都是造成化工廠事故的原因。由此推測(cè)，從專家的討論得出的結(jié)論是，如果采取有效的措施，所有這些事故都是可以避免或控制的，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

20.單選題

Mrs.Greenreceivedan（）letterthreateningtoexposeherprivatelifeifsherefusedtopay$10,000.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anonymous

B.apparent

C.arbitrary

D.artificial

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：格林太太收到了一封匿名信，威脅說如果她拒絕支付10000美元，就要揭露她的私生活。因此選A。

21.單選題

Accordingtogovernmentstatistics，menofallsocialclassesinBritainvisitpubsquiteregularly,（1）thekindofpubtheygotomaybedifferentandtheirreasonsforgoingthere（2）too.Nowadaystheyoftentaketheirwivesorgirl-friends,which（3）tobethecase.ThefactisthatthetypicalEnglishpubischanging,partly（4）thelicensinglawsnotbeingsostrictasthey（5）,butalsobecausepublicansaretryingto（6）awaywiththeoldVictorian（7）ofthepuband（8）providecoupleswithanatmospherewheretheycanbothenjoythemselves.Pubusednottoopen（9）atcertaintimes.Theresultwasthattheywereusually（10）withmenwhoseemedtobedrinkingasmuchaspossibleinthetime（11）Butthatkindofpubisrapidlybecomingathingofthepast.

Curiouslyenough,theoldBritishlicensinglaws,whichforeignersfoundsoobjectionableandab-surd,were（12）introducedasa（13）measuretostopworkersdrinkingintheFirstWorldWar.（14）,thestrongPuritanical（15）inParliamenttook（16）o￡thelawand（17）it.

Openinghoursare（18）limitedtoeighthoursaday,butthepublicancannowchoosewhichhours（19）himbest.Andthesedaysyoucanevengetacupofcoffeeifyouprefer（20）beer.ButinspiteofthisthePuritanswouldneverdreamofadmittingthatapubcouldbecomearepeatableplace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.though

C.when

D.as

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.disagree

B.diverge

C.vary

D.deviate

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usednot

B.notused

C.used

D.isused

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.becauseof

C.for

D.inthat

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.were

B.are

C.used

D.hadbeen

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.take

B.do

C.keep

D.go

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.sight

B.image

C.appearance

D.perception

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.instead

C.further

D.still

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.except

B.exceptfor

C.only

D.onlyfor

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.covered

B.crowded

C.full

D.plenty

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.proper

C.probable

D.accessible

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.ordinarily

B.generally

C.originally

D.formerly

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.temporary

C.uniform

D.temperate

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.Nevertheless

B.However

C.Afterwards

D.Furthermore

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.factor

B.element

C.component

D.atom

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.advantage

B.profit

C.use

D.charge

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.retained

B.contained

C.maintained

D.protected

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.even

B.just

C.but

D.still

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.suit

B.match

C.meet

D.agree

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.against

B.for

C.with

D.to

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.邏輯推理。句意：據(jù)英國(guó)政府統(tǒng)計(jì)，所有社會(huì)階級(jí)的人都會(huì)頻繁光顧酒吧，他們選擇的酒吧

類型可能不同?？崭袂昂缶渥訛樽尣疥P(guān)系。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.詞義辨析。句意：盡管他們選擇的酒吧類型可能不同，去的理由也。disagree不同意；diverge偏離；vary不同；deviate脫離，出軌。And為并列連詞，因此，空格處應(yīng)表達(dá)跟different相似的含義。故選C。

3.語法分析。句子想表達(dá)的是：與以往情況不同，他們現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常帶著他們的妻子和女朋友去酒吧。因此，空格處應(yīng)為否定，排除C，D項(xiàng)。