2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)78

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto______awayalltherocks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haul

B.transfer

C.repel

D.dispose

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)haul“（用力）拖，拉；費(fèi)力前進(jìn)；強(qiáng)迫（某人）接受申斥；（用卡車）運(yùn)；（帆船）突然改變航道”；B選項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓；轉(zhuǎn)接；移交；轉(zhuǎn)移（地方）；（使）換乘；轉(zhuǎn)存，轉(zhuǎn)錄；調(diào)動(dòng)（工作）；傳染，傳播；使（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）轉(zhuǎn)隊(duì)；把（錢）轉(zhuǎn)到另一賬戶，機(jī)構(gòu)上”；C選項(xiàng)repel“擊退；抵制；使厭惡；使不愉快”；D選項(xiàng)dispose“處理；安排；決定；擊??；殺死”。haulaway“搬運(yùn)開；拖走；駛開；拽開”句意：如果你想進(jìn)入隧道，你首先得把所有的巖石都拖走。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask;achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.

Fairytales,unlikeanyotherformofliterature,directchildrentodiscovertheiridentityandcalling.Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.Butfairytalesalsowarnthatthosewhoaretootimidornarrow-mindedtoriskthem-selvesmustsettleforhumdrumexistence.

Inthepast,thosewholovedfairytaleswereoftensubjectedtothescornofpedants.Buttodaymanyofourchildrenaredeprivedofthechancetoknowfairystoriesatall.Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.Onecanseesuchversionsinfilmsandontelevision,wherefairytalesaretamedintoempty-mindedentertainment.

Throughouthistory,theintellectuallifeofchildrenlargelydependedonmythicalandreligiousstories,andonfairytales.Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.Atthesametime,thesestorieswereamajoragentofthechild’ssocialization.Childrencouldlearnsocialidealsfromthematerialofmyths,whilefairytalesprovidepatternsofbehaviormodeledontheseideals.Theseweretheimagesoftheunconqueredheroes,whoselifehistoryshowedthatitisnotbeneaththedignityofthestrongesttocleanthefilthieststable.

1.TheauthorcitedDickensinorderto______.

2.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat______.

3.TheauthoridentifiedallofthefollowingasbenefitschildrenderivefromfairytalesEXCEPT______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,today’schildrenseldomexperiencefairytalesintheoriginalbecausetheseliteraryformsare______.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callattentiontoapersonwhobeganbywritingfairytales

B.supporttheauthor’sscornforthosewhoadaptfairytalesforfilmsandtelevision

C.provetheformativeinfluenceoffairytalesonwriters

D.provideanexampleofonewhounderstandstheimportanceoffairytalestochildren

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostfairytalesaresuccessstories

B.childrenlearntheirmorallessonfromfairytales

C.mostfairytalesaretoodifficultforchildrentocomprehend

D.childrenoftenidentifythemselveswiththecharactersinfairytales

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.expressingcomplexissuesinlanguagechildrencanunderstand

B.servingasintroductionstocomplexquestionsbyrewardinglifestyles

C.teachingchildrenthewisdomoffacingriskstoachievemorefulfillinglives

D.improvingachild’simaginationthroughmodelsofvividimagery

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nolongeravailable

B.notunderstandabletochildren

C.shortenedtoentertaining

D.norelevanttotheconcernsofcontemporarychildren

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Manyoftoday’schildrenlacktheimportantsocializinginfluenceofmythsandfairytales.

B.Fairytalesprovidemodelsforhumanfeelingsandarethereforeessentialtothegrowthofchildren.

C.Thebestwaytotameachild’sunconsciousbeingistoallowhimtoexperiencefairytales.

D.Thediminishingimportanceoftheroleoffairytalesinchilddevelopmentexplainstoday’sproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.作者意圖題。文章開頭提到“CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask...（查爾斯?狄更斯，就像那個(gè)時(shí)代世界上數(shù)百萬(wàn)的孩子一樣，為童話故事所陶醉。他承認(rèn)童話故事中奇妙的人物和事件對(duì)孩子們的成長(zhǎng)有著深刻的影響，在他們最困難、最重要、最令人滿意的任務(wù)中，這些人物和事件比其他任何東西都更有幫助……）”，由此可知查爾斯?狄更斯是作者引用的一個(gè)用來(lái)說(shuō)明童話故事對(duì)孩子們的重要性的一個(gè)例子，所以D選項(xiàng)“提供一個(gè)理解童話故事對(duì)孩子重要性的例子”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“引起對(duì)一個(gè)開始寫童話故事的人的注意”；B選項(xiàng)“支持作者對(duì)那些把童話故事改編成電影和電視的人的蔑視”；C選項(xiàng)“論證童話對(duì)作家的形成影響”都不如D選項(xiàng)更符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段提到“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.（這些故事暗示，一個(gè)人即使身處逆境，也能過(guò)上美好而有意義的生活。他們承諾，如果一個(gè)人敢于進(jìn)行可怕而費(fèi)力的探索，仁慈的力量將會(huì)來(lái)幫助他，他就會(huì)成功。）”，由此可知童話故事大部分都是成功的故事，所以A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)童話故事都是成功的故事”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“孩子們從童話中吸取道德教訓(xùn)”；C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)童話故事對(duì)孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)太難理解了”以及D選項(xiàng)“孩子們常常認(rèn)同童話里的人物”該段落都沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.（這些故事暗示，一個(gè)人即使身處逆境，也能過(guò)上美好而有意義的生活。）”可知B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)生活方式來(lái)介紹復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題”正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句“achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.（獲得更成熟的意識(shí)來(lái)馴服他們無(wú)意識(shí)的混亂壓力。）”可知C選項(xiàng)“教孩子們面對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的智慧，以實(shí)現(xiàn)更充實(shí)的生活”正確；根據(jù)最后一段“Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.（這種傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)豐富了孩子們的想象力，激發(fā)了他們的幻想。）”可知D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)生動(dòng)形象的模型來(lái)提高孩子的想象力”正確，只有A選項(xiàng)“用孩子們能理解的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題”文章沒(méi)有提及，因此該題應(yīng)選A選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.Onecanseesuchversionsinfilmsandontelevision,wherefairytalesaretamedintoempty-mindedentertainment.（大多數(shù)孩子現(xiàn)在看到的童話，如果他們能看到的話，也只是經(jīng)過(guò)美化的版本，削弱了它們的意義，剝奪了它們所有更深層次的意義。人們可以在電影和電視上看到這樣的版本，童話故事被馴服為空洞的娛樂(lè)消遣）”，由此可知現(xiàn)在的兒童很少體驗(yàn)到原始的童話故事是因?yàn)樗鼈儽幌鳒p美化成了娛樂(lè)消遣，所以C選項(xiàng)“削減為娛樂(lè)”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“不再提供”；B選項(xiàng)“兒童不能理解”；D選項(xiàng)“與當(dāng)代兒童的關(guān)注無(wú)關(guān)”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要闡述童話故事對(duì)兒童成長(zhǎng)的重要性。第一段以例子說(shuō)明童話故事對(duì)兒童的深刻影響；第二段描寫童話故事對(duì)兒童精神世界的影響；第三段主要分析了當(dāng)今社會(huì)兒童很少體驗(yàn)到原始童話故事的問(wèn)題；第四段主要說(shuō)明了童話故事對(duì)兒童智力以及情感方面的影響。綜上且結(jié)合全文，B選項(xiàng)“童話故事為人類情感提供了模型，因此對(duì)兒童的成長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要”最能表達(dá)文章的主旨。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)今許多兒童缺乏神話和童話故事的重要社會(huì)影響”；C選項(xiàng)“馴服孩子潛意識(shí)的最好方法是讓他體驗(yàn)童話故事”；D選項(xiàng)“童話在兒童發(fā)展中作用的重要性的下降解釋了今天的問(wèn)題”都不如B選項(xiàng)貼合文章大意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Shespokeso______attheconference,asthoughthesaidissuewasoflittleimportance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seriously

B.casually

C.stubbornly

D.comically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞解析。A選項(xiàng)seriously“認(rèn)真地；嚴(yán)重地，嚴(yán)肅地”；B選項(xiàng)casually“隨便地；偶然地；臨時(shí)地”；C選項(xiàng)stubbornly“倔強(qiáng)地；頑固地；頑強(qiáng)地；固執(zhí)地”；D選項(xiàng)comically“滑稽地；詼諧地”。句意：她在會(huì)議上講話那么隨便，好像那個(gè)問(wèn)題不重要似的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen______foritsstreetviolence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notorious

B.responsible

C.historical

D.illegal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B選項(xiàng)responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的；有責(zé)任的”；C選項(xiàng)historical“歷史的；史學(xué)的；基于史實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)illegal“非法的；違法的；違反規(guī)則的”。句意：該市的那個(gè)地區(qū)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)因街頭暴力而臭名昭著。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Much______IlikedMary,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：我雖然很喜歡安東妮亞，但也很討厭有時(shí)她對(duì)我的傲慢態(tài)度。由此可知空格處應(yīng)填表讓步的詞，排除C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，while相當(dāng)于though／although，則該句語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為：WhileIlikeMaryverymuch...，不符合題意，故排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)的as相當(dāng)于though，但比though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)意更強(qiáng)烈，表現(xiàn)力更強(qiáng)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：副詞或動(dòng)詞原形＋as＋主語(yǔ)……，＋主句。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Dr.RablenandDr.OswaldhavejustpublishedastudywhichconcludesthatNobelsciencelaureateslivesignificantlylongerthanthoseoftheircolleagueswhowerenominatedforaprize,butfailedtoreceiveone.Theyworkwithdatafrom1901to1950,andthesearchisrestrictedtomen(toavoiddifferencesinlifespanbetweenthesexes),andthosekilledprematurelyareeliminated.Thatgavethem135prizewinnersand389also-rans.

Thetheorytheyweretestingwasthatstatusitself,ratherthanthetrappingsofstatus,suchaswealth,acttoprolonglife.ThisideawasfirstdeclaredbySirMichaelMarmot,ofUniversityCollege,London.SirMichaelstudiedthehealthofBritishcivilservantsanddiscovered,contrarytohisandeveryoneelse’sexpectations,thatthoseatthetopofthehierarchy—whomthestressofthejobwasexpectedtohaveaffectedadversely—wereactuallyfarhealthierthanthesupposedlyunstressedfunctionariesatthebottomoftheheap.Subsequentresearchhasconfirmedthisresult,andsuggesteditisnothingtodowiththelargersalariesofthoseatthetop.ButDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldthoughtitwouldbeinterestingtorefinetheobservationstillfurther,bystudyingindividualswhowereall,inasense,atthetop.BycomparingpeoplegoodenoughtobeconsideredforaNobel,theycouldmeasurewhatthestatusofhavingonewasworth.

Comparingwinnersandalso-ransfromwithinthesamecountries,toavoidyetanothersourceofbias,Dr.RablenandDr.Oswaldfoundthatthewinnerslived,onaverage,twoyearslongerthanthosewhohadmerelybeennominated.Exactlywhatcausesthisincreasedlongevityisunclear.Itisnotthecash,though.Theinflationadjustedvalueoftheprizehasfluctuatedovertheyears,sothetworesearcherswereabletoseeifthepurchasingpowerofthemoneywascorrelatedwithlongevity.Itwasnot.

WiththehierarchicallyorderedindividualsstudiedbySirMichaelandhissuccessors,bothmedicalrecordsandexperimentsonanimalssuggeststresshormonesareinvolved.Itis,indeed,morestressfultobeatthebottomthanthetop,evenifbeingatthetopinvolvesmakingdecisionsonthefateofnations.TheresultDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldhavecomeupwith,though,suggestsapositiveeffectassociatedwithhighstatus,ratherthantheabsenceofanegativeeffect,sinceunsuccessfulnomineesneverknowthattheyhavebeennominated.

Asimilareffecthasbeennotedoncebefore,inadifferentfield.ResearchpublishedafewyearsagobyDonaldRedelmeierandSheldonSinghshowedthatOscarwinningactorsandactresseslive3.6yearslongerthanthosewhoarenominated,butdonotwin.However,inthatcasethefailednomineesdoknowthattheyhavefailed.And,curiously,Oscarwinningscriptwriterslive3.6yearslessthandonominees.Perhapswriters,unlikeactorsandscientists,liveinaworldofinvertedsnobbery.

1.WhathasbeendonetoavoidsourcesofbiasinDr.RablenandDr.Oswald’sstudy?

2.What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwodoctors’studyandthatofSr.Michael’s?

3.Whatisthetwodoctors’possibleexplanationfortheirfindings?

4.Accordingtothepassage,RedelmeierandSingh’sstudy______.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Excludingtheabnormaldeaths.

B.Selectingmoreprizenomineesthanwinners.

C.Havingallsubjectsfromthesamecountry.

D.Assuminginflationasanirrelevantfactor.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theydemonstrateoppositefindings.

B.Theyhavedifferenttheoreticalfoundations.

C.Theyusedifferentmethodsofselectingsubjects.

D.Theyhavedifferentdegreesofinfluence.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleatthetopdon’tneedtoworryaboutmoney.

B.Peoplewhosuffergreaterstresspaymoreattentiontohealth.

C.Itisinfactlessstressfultobeatthetopthanthebottom.

D.Highstatushasapositiveeffectonpeople.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenrefinedfurtherbythetwodoctors

B.hasdisprovedtheconclusionsofthetwodoctors

C.consideredbothpositiveandnegativefactors

D.consideredthepositiveeffectsofseveralfactors

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.healthisbetterthanwealth

B.greathopesmakegreatman

C.prizesaffectpeople’slifeexpectancy

D.successincareerbringshealthbenefit

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段提到“Theyworkwithdatafrom1901to1950,andthesearchisrestrictedtomen(toavoiddifferencesinlifespanbetweenthesexes),andthosekilledprematurelyareeliminated.他們研究的數(shù)據(jù)從1901年到1950年，研究對(duì)象僅限于男性（以避免性別之間的壽命差異），英年早逝的人被排除在外?！保纱丝芍狝選項(xiàng)“不包括非正常死亡”說(shuō)法正確。由首段尾句“Thatgavethem135prizewinnersand389also-rans.（結(jié)果有135名獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)吆?89名落選者。）”可知，B選項(xiàng)“選擇更多的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)提名者而不是獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺笔潜苊馄顏?lái)源之后得到的客觀實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，不是避免偏差來(lái)源的手段，故排除。第三段首句提到了“Comparingwinnersandalso-ransfromwithinthesamecountries,toavoidyetanothersourceofbias,Dr.RablenandDr.Oswaldfoundthatthewinnerslived,onaverage,twoyearslongerthanthosewhohadmerelybeennominated.（為了避免另一種偏見，拉伯倫博士和奧斯瓦爾德博士比較了來(lái)自同一國(guó)家的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)吆吐溥x者，發(fā)現(xiàn)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩钠骄鶋勖饶切﹥H僅被提名的人長(zhǎng)兩年。）”，將對(duì)比雙方限定在同一個(gè)國(guó)家內(nèi)，但不是說(shuō)所有實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象都來(lái)自同一國(guó)家，故C選項(xiàng)“所有實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象都來(lái)自同一國(guó)家”錯(cuò)誤。第三段最后兩句提到“Theinflationadjustedvalueoftheprizehasfluctuatedovertheyears,sothetworesearcherswereabletoseeifthepurchasingpowerofthemoneywascorrelatedwithlongevity.（在過(guò)去數(shù)年里，通貨膨脹不斷改變獎(jiǎng)金的價(jià)值，因此兩位研究者可看出貨幣的購(gòu)買力是否與長(zhǎng)壽相關(guān)）”，這說(shuō)明考慮“通貨膨脹”這一因素是得到該研究結(jié)果的必要條件，而不是避免偏差來(lái)源的措施，因此D選項(xiàng)“假設(shè)通貨膨脹是一個(gè)無(wú)關(guān)因素”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“SirMichaelstudiedthehealthofBritishcivilservantsanddiscovered,contrarytohisandeveryoneelse’sexpectations,thatthoseatthetopofthehierarchy—whomthestressofthejobwasexpectedtohaveaffectedadversely—wereactuallyfarhealthierthanthesupposedlyunstressedfunctionariesatthebottomoftheheap.（邁克爾爵士研究了英國(guó)公務(wù)員的健康狀況，并發(fā)現(xiàn)，與他和其他人的預(yù)期相反，那些處于最高階層的人，他們的工作壓力預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生不利影響，實(shí)際上，他們比那些所謂的底層無(wú)壓力的公務(wù)員健康得多。）”，由此可知爵士的研究對(duì)象既有位居高層的公務(wù)員，又有低層的公務(wù)員；而由該段倒數(shù)第二句“ButDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldthoughtitwouldbeinterestingtorefinetheobservationstillfurther,bystudyingindividualswhowereall,inasense,atthetop.（但拉伯倫博士和奧斯瓦爾德博士認(rèn)為，通過(guò)研究在某種意義上都處于頂端的個(gè)體，進(jìn)一步細(xì)化觀察結(jié)果會(huì)很有趣。）”可知，兩位博士的研究對(duì)象只涉及“同樣位居高層的人”。由此得出，C選項(xiàng)“他們使用不同的選擇研究對(duì)象的方法”為兩個(gè)研究的不同之處，為本題答案。從第二段可以得出，兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)都驗(yàn)證了較高的地位和長(zhǎng)壽之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，所以A選項(xiàng)“他們證明了相反的結(jié)果”錯(cuò)誤；由第二段前兩句“Thetheorytheyweretestingwasthatstatusitself,ratherthanthetrappingsofstatus,suchaswealth,acttoprolonglife.ThisideawasfirstdeclaredbySirMichaelMarmot,ofUniversityCollege,London.（他們測(cè)試的理論是，地位本身，而不是地位的外表，如財(cái)富，對(duì)延年益壽有作用。這個(gè)想法是由倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的MichaelMarmot爵士首先提出的。）”可知，兩位博士要驗(yàn)證的理論最初是由麥克爵士提出的，可見兩者的理論基礎(chǔ)相同，排除B選項(xiàng)“他們有不同的理論基礎(chǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)“他們有不同程度的影響”文章沒(méi)有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中第四段對(duì)兩位博士的研究結(jié)果作了分析。其中，該段尾句談到“TheresultDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldhavecomeupwith,though,suggestsapositiveeffectassociatedwithhighstatus,ratherthantheabsenceofanegativeeffect,sinceunsuccessfulnomineesneverknowthattheyhavebeennominated.（不過(guò)，拉伯倫博士和奧斯瓦爾德博士得出的結(jié)果表明，地位高會(huì)帶來(lái)積極影響，而不是沒(méi)有負(fù)面影響，因?yàn)槭〉谋惶崦哂肋h(yuǎn)不知道自己已經(jīng)被提名。）”，兩位博士的結(jié)論表明了高等地位會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極影響。因此，D選項(xiàng)“高地位對(duì)人有積極的影響”符合題意。第三段“Exactlywhatcausesthisincreasedlongevityisunclear.Itisnotthecash,though.（導(dǎo)致壽命延長(zhǎng)的確切原因尚不清楚。不過(guò)，這不是錢的問(wèn)題。）”明確指出兩位博士研究發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)壽與錢無(wú)關(guān)，所以A選項(xiàng)“在上層的人不需要擔(dān)心錢的問(wèn)題”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“承受較大壓力的人更注意健康”文章沒(méi)有提到；從第四段第二句“Itis,indeed,morestressfultobeatthebottomthanthetop（事實(shí)上，處于社會(huì)底層比處于社會(huì)頂層壓力更大）”可知，C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，處于高層的壓力要比處于底層的壓力小”是對(duì)麥克爵士的研究結(jié)果的解釋，故也應(yīng)排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“ResearchpublishedafewyearsagobyDonaldRedelmeierandSheldonSinghshowedthatOscarwinningactorsandactresseslive3.6yearslongerthanthosewhoarenominated,butdonotwin.（唐納德?雷德梅爾和謝爾頓?辛格幾年前發(fā)表的研究表明，獲得奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的男女演員比那些被提名但沒(méi)有獲獎(jiǎng)的人多活3.6年。）”，接著，倒數(shù)第二句又說(shuō)“And,curiously,Oscarwinningscriptwriterslive3.6yearslessthandonominees.（奇怪的是，獲得奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的編劇比被提名的少活3.6年）”，歸納起來(lái)，該研究既考慮了奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的積極效應(yīng)也考慮了其消極影響，所以C選項(xiàng)“考慮了積極和消極的因素”正確。A選項(xiàng)“被兩位博士進(jìn)一步提煉”；B選項(xiàng)“否定了兩位博士的結(jié)論”；D選項(xiàng)“考慮幾個(gè)因素的積極影響”都不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。本文主要圍繞兩位博士有關(guān)“諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主比其他僅獲得提名者更長(zhǎng)壽”展開，分析了獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)唛L(zhǎng)壽的原因。在排除了壓力和財(cái)富因素后，第四段結(jié)尾指出長(zhǎng)壽的原因就是地位高帶來(lái)的積極作用。從文中多個(gè)研究的對(duì)象（諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者、高級(jí)公務(wù)員、奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)獲得者）可知，這里的“地位高”指“事業(yè)的成功”。因此，D選項(xiàng)“事業(yè)上的成功會(huì)給健康帶來(lái)好處”的歸納符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“健康勝過(guò)財(cái)富”；B選項(xiàng)“偉大的理想造就偉大的人”；C選項(xiàng)“獎(jiǎng)品影響人們的預(yù)期壽命”都不符合原文意思，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Nowadays,wehearalotaboutthegrowingthreatofglobalization,accompaniedbythosewarningsthattherichpatternoflocallifeisbeingundermined,andmanydialectsandtraditionsarebecomingextinct.Butstopandthinkforamomentaboutthemanypositiveaspectsthatglobalizationisbringing.Readonandyouareboundtofeelcomforted,readytofacetheglobalfuture,whichissurelyinevitablenow.

ConsidertheInternet,thatprimeexampleofourshrinkingworld.Leavingasidetheall-to-familiarworriesaboutpornographyandpoliticalextremism,eventhemostnarrow-mindedmustadmitthatthenetoffersimmeasurablebenefits,notjustintermsofeducation,thesectorforwhichitwasoriginallydesigned,butmoreimportantlyonagloballevel,thespreadofnewsandcomment.Itwillbeincreasinglydifficultforpoliticianstomaintaintheirregimesofmisinformation,astheoppressedwillnotonlyfindsupportandcomfort,butalsobeabletoorganizethemselvesmoreeffectively.

MTVisanotherglobalproviderthatisoftencriticizedforimposingpopularcultureontheunsuspectingmillionsaroundtheworld.Yettheviewers’judgmentonMTVisundoubtedlypositive;itisregardedasindispensablebymostoftheglobalteenagegenerationwhowatchit,avitalpartofgrowingup.Andinthefinalanalysis,whatharmcanafewsongsandvideoscause?

IstheworlddominanceofbrandslikeNikeandCoca-Colasobadforuswhenallissaidanddone?Sportswearandsoftdrinksareharmlessproductswhencomparedtothemanyotherthingsthathavebeengloballyavailableforalongerperiodoftime—heroinandcocaine,forexample.Inanycase,justbecauseNikeshoesandCokecansareforsale,itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetobuythem—evenglobalizationcannotdeprivetheindividualofhisorherfreewill.

Criticsofglobalizationcanstopissuingtheirdoomandgloomstatements.Lifegoeson,andhasmoretoofferformanycitizensoftheworldthanitdidfortheirparents’generation.

1.Somepeoplefeelsadaboutglobalizationbecausetheybelieveitwill______.

2.Internetwasoriginallydesigned______.

3.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsglobalization?

4.ItisimpliedinthepassagethatNikeandCoca-Cola_______.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bringthreattotheworldpeace

B.impactthediversifiedlocallife

C.disrupttheirpresenteasylifestyle

D.increasethesizeofpeoplespeakingdialects

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.topromoteeducation

B.todistributenewsandcomment

C.torelievepeopleofworries

D.topublicizepoliticalbeliefs

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Suspicious

B.Positive

C.Indifferent

D.Contemptuous

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldnotbecomedominantbrands

B.havebeenignoredbymanypeople

C.cannotbecomparedwithdrugs

D.shouldn’thavecausedsomuchconcern

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.GlobalizationIsStandardization

B.Globalization:LikeItorLumpIt

C.Globalization:Don’tWorry,BeHappy

D.GlobalizationBringsEquality

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Nowadays,wehearalotaboutthegrowingthreatofglobalization,accompaniedbythosewarningsthattherichpatternoflocallifeisbeingundermined,andmanydialectsandtraditionsarebecomingextinct.（如今，我們聽到了不少有關(guān)全球化的威脅在不斷增長(zhǎng)的說(shuō)法，還聽到了這樣的警告：豐富多彩的地方生活方式正在遭到破壞，許多方言和傳統(tǒng)正在消亡。）”，由此可知有些人認(rèn)為全球化破壞了當(dāng)?shù)囟鄻踊纳?，所以B選項(xiàng)“影響當(dāng)?shù)囟鄻踊纳睢狈项}意。A選項(xiàng)“給世界和平帶來(lái)威脅”和C選項(xiàng)“擾亂他們目前安逸的生活方式”文章沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“增加說(shuō)方言的人的數(shù)量”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文章提到“manydialectsandtraditionsarebecomingextinct（許多方言和傳統(tǒng)正在消亡）”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“...thenetoffersimmeasurablebenefits,notjustintermsofeducation,thesectorforwhichitwasoriginallydesigned,butmoreimportantlyonagloballevel,thespreadofnewsandcomment.（……因特網(wǎng)給我們帶來(lái)了不可估量的利益，不只是在教育方面——因特網(wǎng)最初就是為教育設(shè)計(jì)的，更重要的是全球范圍內(nèi)信息和觀念的傳播。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)教育”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)布新聞和評(píng)論”；C選項(xiàng)“解除人們的憂慮”；D選項(xiàng)“宣傳政治信仰”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段就提到了作者的寫作目的“Butstopandthinkforamomentaboutthemanypositiveaspectsthatglobalizationisbringing.（但是，請(qǐng)停下來(lái)想一想全球化帶來(lái)的許多積極的方面。）”，且下文都是在描寫全球化帶來(lái)的積極影響以及反駁那些全球化危害論，由此可知作者對(duì)全球化的態(tài)度是積極的。A選項(xiàng)“懷疑的”；B選項(xiàng)“積極的”；C選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”；D選項(xiàng)“輕蔑的”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“IstheworlddominanceofbrandslikeNikeandCoca-Colasobadforuswhenallissaidanddone?Sportswearandsoftdrinksareharmlessproductswhencomparedtothemanyotherthingsthathavebeengloballyavailableforalongerperiodoftime—heroinandcocaine,forexample.Inanycase,justbecauseNikeshoesandCokecansareforsale,itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetobuythem—evenglobalizationcannotdeprivetheindividualofhisorherfreewill.（在該說(shuō)的都說(shuō)了、該采取的行動(dòng)也采取了時(shí)，像耐克和可口可樂(lè)這樣的世界主導(dǎo)品牌就會(huì)對(duì)我們有害嗎?同許多其他更長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)在全世界都可得到的產(chǎn)品相比——比如海洛因和可卡因，運(yùn)動(dòng)裝和不含酒精的飲料沒(méi)有害處。無(wú)論如何，正是因?yàn)槟涂诉\(yùn)動(dòng)鞋和可樂(lè)易拉罐在待銷，所以并不意味著你非得購(gòu)買它們不可——即使是全球化也不可能剝奪人們的自由意愿。）”，由此可推斷出可口可樂(lè)以及耐克和海洛因、可卡因比起來(lái)受到的關(guān)注不應(yīng)該那么多，所以D選項(xiàng)“本不該引起這么大的關(guān)注”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該成為主導(dǎo)品牌”；B選項(xiàng)“被許多人忽視了”；C選項(xiàng)“不能與毒品相比”均不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段反駁了有關(guān)全球化的威脅在不斷增長(zhǎng)的說(shuō)法，提出全球化也有很多有利之處；第二段描寫了因特網(wǎng)使世界縮小以及帶來(lái)的不可估量的利益；第三段主要反駁那些批評(píng)電視節(jié)目和音樂(lè)的聲音；第四段用可口可樂(lè)和耐克這個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明全球化不會(huì)剝奪人們的自由意愿；第五段為總結(jié)?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)文章主要是支持全球化的，且第五段寫到“Criticsofglobalizationcanstopissuingtheirdoomandgloomstatements.Lifegoeson,andhasmoretoofferformanycitizensoftheworldthanitdidfortheirparents’generation.（全球化的批評(píng)者可以停止發(fā)表他們的悲觀言論了。生活會(huì)繼續(xù)，生活將給予世界上許多人的樂(lè)趣比給予這些人的父輩的樂(lè)趣多。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“全球化：別擔(dān)心，開心點(diǎn)”更能概括文章內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)“全球化就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”，文章并沒(méi)有提到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化這一概念，且第四段說(shuō)到全球化不會(huì)剝奪人們的自由意愿，由此可知全球化并不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；B選項(xiàng)“全球化：不喜歡也得忍著”，文章作者以平和且有理有據(jù)的口吻反駁全球化危害論且描述全球化的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以這種太過(guò)堅(jiān)硬的標(biāo)題不適合本文；D選項(xiàng)“全球化帶來(lái)平等”文章沒(méi)有提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects______inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore2000.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenconducting

B.wasconducted

C.hadbeenconducted

D.beingconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。本題主要考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Experiments“實(shí)驗(yàn)”只能被人做，所以只能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，再根據(jù)時(shí)間線“before2000”可知?jiǎng)幼魍瓿稍谶^(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意：早在2000年之前，美國(guó)和歐洲就已經(jīng)開展了運(yùn)動(dòng)物體攝影的實(shí)驗(yàn)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Itisclearthathumanhistorywillend;theonlymysteryiswhen.Itisalsoclearthatifthetimingislefttonature(or,ifyouprefer,toGod)andhumanshangonuntilthebloodyend,therace’sfinalexitwillbeignoble.Iffuturegenerationsescapethesaurianagonyofextinctionbyawanderingchunkofrockorice,thesun’sunavoidablegrowthtogiant-hoodwillstillburntheirlastsuccessorstoashes:onlycindersandgasesanddustwillremain.

Farfuturegenerationsmightprolongtheprocessbypostingcoloniesbeyondtheearth’sorbit,butthesewouldbesadoutpostsattheendofthesolarsystem’slongday,clutchingmemoriesofalostplanetandofbillionsofsacrificedsouls.Thedifficulties—fantasticdifficulties—ofinterstellartravelmightbeovercome,butthemightiestofstarshipscoulddonomorethandefertheendoftheworld.Anignobleexistencehoppingfromplanettoplanet—clingingtoeachcloduntilit,initsturn,wasvaporizedorfrozen—mightstillbebearablewereitnotfortheknowledgeofitsfinaluselessness.Intheend,thereisonlydeathbygravityorentropy,thefieryquantumpitortheheatlessgreysoup.

ThegreatviolinistJaschaHeifetzwasgreatnotleastbecausehequittheconcertstageathispeak,beforetheshowbecamestaleortheaudiencedriftedaway.Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexit;allothersmarchonlikerobots.Tocalltimeonthehumanracebychoice,notnecessity,wouldbethefinalvictoryofthehumanspiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandofDNA.Preciselybecausenootherknownlife-formcoulddoorevenconceivesuchathing,humanitymust.

Moresciencehasrevealedonlyoneplaceintheuniversethatishospitabletointelligentlife,andhumansaretheonlyintelligencethat,asfarasisknown,haseverenjoyedtheopportunitytooccupyit.Ifpeopleleftthestageafterareasonablerun,inthefullnessoftimeintelligencecouldevolveagain(dolphin-people?Chimp-people?Orchid-people?).Andthen,induecourse,whenthisnewspeciesdecipheredhumanbooksorreachedthemarkerthatmightbeleftforthemonthewindlessmoon,theywouldknowthatmanendedhisdominionsothattheirsmightbegin.Imagine,then,howtheywillregardus.Itis,farandaway,thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated,theennoblementofawholespecies;anact,almost,ofangels.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatmightbehumanbeing’sbestchoiceaboutitsfuture?

2.Whatdoes“interstellartravel”serveaccordingtothewriter?

3.ThewritercitesJaschaHeifetz’sexamplemainlybecause______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatmaybethereasonforhumanbeing’sleavingthestage?

5.Thewriterthinkshumanbeing’sleavingthestagecanbeanyofthefollowingBUT______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Leavingthetimingtonature.

B.Thesaurian-likeelimination.

C.Beingeliminatedbythesun’sunavoidablegrowthtogianthood.

D.Leavingthetimingtohumanbeingitself.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Apracticalwaytoescapetheendoftheworld.

B.Nothingmorethanpostponingtheendoftheworld.

C.Awayhoppingfromplanettoplanet.

D.Awaytoescapefromgravity.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.heisafamousviolinist

B.hequitstheconcertstageathispeak

C.hequittingthestagegivessomeinspirationtohumanbeings

D.heisadornedbyhisaudience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theforceofthenature.

B.TheforceoftheGod.

C.Humanbeing’srationality.

D.ThecommandofDN

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated

B.theennoblementofawholespecies

C.anact,almost,ofangels

D.humanbeing’shavingnoalternative

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexit;allothersmarchonlikerobots.Tocalltimeonthehumanracebychoice,notnecessity,wouldbethefinalvictoryofthehumanspiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandofDNA.（正如海菲茲所理解的，優(yōu)雅地退出是崇高的。只有生物物種能夠選擇同樣優(yōu)雅的退出；其他所有人都像機(jī)器人一樣前進(jìn)。選擇而非必然地呼喚人類的時(shí)間，將是人類精神對(duì)動(dòng)物本性的最終勝利，是人類從DNA的控制下的絕對(duì)解放。）”，由此表明人類應(yīng)該自愿地選擇結(jié)束，即作者認(rèn)為，人類應(yīng)該用自己的理性控制退出的時(shí)間，因此D選項(xiàng)“把時(shí)間留給人類自己”正確。根據(jù)第一段中的“...ifthetimingislefttonatureandhumanshangonuntilthebloodyend,therace’sfinalexitwillbeignoble.（……如果把時(shí)間留給大自然，人類堅(jiān)持到血腥的結(jié)局，種族的最后退出將是不光彩的。）”可知本文不支持A選項(xiàng)“把時(shí)間留給大自然”的做法；B選項(xiàng)“像蜥蜴一樣的消滅”和C選項(xiàng)“被太陽(yáng)不可避免的長(zhǎng)成的巨大的遮光罩所消滅”都還是屬于由自然的力量結(jié)束人類的做法，同樣不能作為本題答案。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thedifficulties—fantasticdifficulties—ofinterstellartravelmightbeovercome,butthemightiestofstarshipscoulddonomorethandefertheendoftheworld.（星際旅行的困難——難以想象的困難——也許能被克服，但是最強(qiáng)大的星際飛船也只能推遲世界末日的到來(lái)。）”，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)非是推遲世界末日”說(shuō)法正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)逃離世界末日的實(shí)用方法”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中作者提到了“fantasticdifficulties（難以想象的困難）”，由此可知星際旅行要面臨很多問(wèn)題，因此并不是一個(gè)很實(shí)用的方法；C選項(xiàng)“是從一個(gè)星球登上另一個(gè)星球的方式”文中沒(méi)有具體提到；D選項(xiàng)“逃離地心引力的方法”文中也沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段，作者引用JaschaHeifetz的例子主要是為了指出下文中的觀點(diǎn)：“Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexit;allothersmarchonlikerobots.（正如海菲茲所理解的，優(yōu)雅地退出是體面的。只有一種物種能夠選擇同樣優(yōu)雅的退出；其他所有都像機(jī)器人一樣前進(jìn)。）”，例子最有助于說(shuō)明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的就是他在鼎盛時(shí)期退出舞臺(tái)，因此B選項(xiàng)“他在巔峰時(shí)期退出了音樂(lè)會(huì)舞臺(tái)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他是一個(gè)著名的小提琴家”和D選項(xiàng)“他很受觀眾的歡迎”文中第三段開頭雖然有提到，但是都與支持文本的觀點(diǎn)無(wú)關(guān)；C選項(xiàng)“他的退場(chǎng)給了人類一些啟示”文章沒(méi)有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段最后一句話“Preciselybecausenootherknown