2022年考研考博-考博英語-國防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號20

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-國防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thetaleisbasedonthe______ideaofamanwhoremainsyoungwhilehisportraitonthewallgrowsold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tentative

B.whimsical

C.querulous

D.cynical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tentative“試驗(yàn)性的，暫定的，躊躇的”，B項(xiàng)whimsical“古怪的，異想天開的”，C項(xiàng)querulous“易怒的，暴躁的，愛發(fā)牢騷的”，D項(xiàng)cynical“憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”。根據(jù)后面的定語從句“掛在墻上的肖像會變老，而他卻依然年輕”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中“異想天開的”符合。句意：這個(gè)故事是基于一個(gè)人的異想天開的想法，他仍然年輕，而他的肖像在墻上變老。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.namely

B.orrather

C.and

D.particularly

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A項(xiàng)namely“也就是，即是”，B項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說，倒不如說”，C項(xiàng)and“和”，D項(xiàng)particularly“異乎尋常地，特別是”。由success（成功）和triumph（勝利）可知，這兩個(gè)意思相近，success強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，triumph強(qiáng)調(diào)過程和動(dòng)作，所以空格處填入B項(xiàng)更符合句子語境。句意：對于設(shè)計(jì)者來說，這座建筑是一個(gè)巨大的成功，或者更確切地說是一個(gè)勝利。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Themarketingofindustrialproductsnecessitatedlarge-scalestoragespaces,andenormousshopssellingunderoneroofawidevarietyofitems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.replaced

C.required

D.supplied

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)identify“確定，鑒定，識別”，B項(xiàng)replace“取代，代替，替換”，C項(xiàng)require“需要，要求”，D項(xiàng)supply“供給，提供”。句意：工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的營銷需要大規(guī)模的存儲空間，以及一個(gè)可以銷售各種各樣商品的巨大商店。necessitate在句中表示“需要”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是C項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute______ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.friction

B.function

C.fraction

D.fiction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)friction“摩擦”，B項(xiàng)function“功能，職責(zé)”，C項(xiàng)fraction“分?jǐn)?shù)，部分，小部分”，D項(xiàng)fiction“小說，虛構(gòu)，編造”?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€(gè)of所屬關(guān)系的名詞，與thesightsandsounds（視覺和聽覺）搭配，B、D可排除。由后面的thegreatmajority（大多數(shù)）可知，這里形成了對比，所以前面表示“一小部分”，C項(xiàng)符合。句意：我們很少能夠感知到那些極其微小的落在我們感覺器官上的視覺或聽覺片斷，（這些片斷中的）大部分從我們身邊溜走了。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Itismoreimportantthatsheshouldbefree_____sheshouldlivealuxuriouslife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thanwhat

B.that

C.morethan

D.thanthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查比較級的規(guī)則。根據(jù)句中的more，肯定要有than，根據(jù)相比較對象一致的原則，本題是thatsheshouldbefree與thatsheshouldlivealuxuriouslife之間相比較的句子，所以選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

6.單選題

NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.Manythingshavechangedintheinterveningyears.Thehotelindustryworriesmoreaboutoverbuildingthanovercrowding,andiftheyhadtomeetanunexpectedinflux,fewinnswouldhaveamanagertoaccommodatethewearyguests.Nowitisthecensustakerthatdoesthetravelinginthefondhopethatahighlymobilepopulationwillstaylongenoughtogetagoodsampling.Methodsofgathering,recording,andevaluatinginformationhavepresumablybeenimprovedagreatdeal.AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes,nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearmentwhichwe,atleastinouryoungeryearswhenthesethingsmattered,wouldhaveassociatedmorereadilywiththedescriptionofafairmaiden.ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets,andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.

43.TaxationinRomandaysapparentlywasbasedon______.

44.TheAmericanStatisticalAssociation______.

45.Themessagetheauthorwishesthereadertogetis______.

46The“greateststoryevertold”referredtointhepassageisthestoryof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealth

B.mobility

C.population

D.censustakers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isconvertingstatisticalstudyfromanarttoascience

B.hasanexcellentrecordinbusinessforecasting

C.isneitherhopefulnorpessimistic

D.speakswithmathematicalexactitude

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.statisticianshavenotadvancedsincethedaysoftheRoman

B.statisticsisnotasyetascience

C.statisticianslovetheirmachine

D.computerishopeful

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Christmas

B.TheMets

C.Moses

D.RomanCensusTakers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】43.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“羅馬時(shí)代的稅收顯然是基于……”。文章第六句指出AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes（那時(shí)羅馬計(jì)算人頭作為征稅的適當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)，目的很簡單）可知，羅馬時(shí)代的稅收是基于人口，C項(xiàng)“人口”正確。B項(xiàng)“流動(dòng)性”是人口的特點(diǎn)，D項(xiàng)“人口普查員”是普查人口的執(zhí)行者，這兩項(xiàng)都不符合題干；A項(xiàng)“財(cái)富”沒提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“美國統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會……”。根據(jù)文中第六句開始講的觀點(diǎn)：…nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearment…（現(xiàn)在，政府機(jī)構(gòu)和私人組織的一系列復(fù)雜的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，由智者和先知人物殷切地瀏覽和解釋以取得預(yù)先外未來事件的線索。圣經(jīng)并沒有告訴我們羅馬的人口調(diào)查員是怎么調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)的。至于我們當(dāng)前更加關(guān)心的問題：目前經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測的可靠性，意見分歧很大。美國統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會125周年慶?；顒?dòng)上，人們在大肆宣揚(yáng)這些不同觀點(diǎn)。有一種說法是經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測可能正從文科轉(zhuǎn)向理科發(fā)展。有些人興高采烈大談新型計(jì)算機(jī)和非常高級數(shù)學(xué)系統(tǒng)……）可知，美國統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會正把統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)從文科轉(zhuǎn)向理科發(fā)展，所以A項(xiàng)“正把統(tǒng)計(jì)研究從文科轉(zhuǎn)變成理科”正確。文中提到ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets…（但也有人指出，那些備受尊敬的預(yù)測和預(yù)測者的平均成功率還低于Mets的糟糕記錄）可知，B項(xiàng)“在商業(yè)預(yù)測方面有出色的記錄”不正確。C項(xiàng)“不樂觀也不悲觀”文章沒有提到，只提到了他們半喜半憂地離開協(xié)會。由最后一句thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.（只要預(yù)測者和公眾都不會把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性的預(yù)測，適用于可確定事實(shí)的恰當(dāng)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中還是有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)的。）可知，D項(xiàng)“以精確的數(shù)學(xué)說話”不正確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者希望讀者得到的信息是……”。根據(jù)文中的描述：…andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.（連統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會的主席也告誡說高能統(tǒng)計(jì)法在實(shí)際材料原始和不允許的地方一般發(fā)揮正常。這跟低級的，不合適的統(tǒng)計(jì)員所假定的正好相反。我們懷著喜憂參半的心情離開周年慶祝宴會，懷著確實(shí)不是新近才有的信念，相信只要預(yù)測者和公眾都不會把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性的預(yù)測，適用于可確定事實(shí)的恰當(dāng)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中還是有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)的。），可知只要不把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性預(yù)測，那么統(tǒng)計(jì)法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中就有它的貢獻(xiàn)，從中我們可以推知，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)還不是一門科學(xué)（理科），所以B項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)還不是一門科學(xué)”正確。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家從羅馬時(shí)代起就沒有進(jìn)步”和C項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家喜歡他們的計(jì)算機(jī)”沒有提到過。D項(xiàng)“電腦是有希望的”，文中只講了有些人懷著興高采烈的心情大講新型計(jì)算機(jī)和非常高級數(shù)學(xué)“系統(tǒng)”，暗示了計(jì)算機(jī)大有希望，但不是所有人都這樣認(rèn)為的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“本文中提到的‘有史以來最偉大的故事’是……的故事”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一句話NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.（自從凱撒奧古斯都下令進(jìn)行的人口普查成為有史以來最偉大的故事的一部分以來，已經(jīng)過去了近兩千年），其中提到了凱撒奧古斯都頒布的征稅法令，而這個(gè)故事是被基督徒稱為圣誕故事的經(jīng)文，所以這是圣誕節(jié)的故事，A項(xiàng)“圣誕節(jié)”正確。B項(xiàng)“theMets”、C項(xiàng)“摩西”和D項(xiàng)“羅馬人口普查員”都不正確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Simplysurvivingthoseoceancrossingsofindeterminatelength,inopencanoes,toarriveontheshoresofuninhabitedandhithertounknownislands,wasaformidableachievement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undecided

B.uncertain

C.unacceptable

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)undecided“未定的，未決定的”，B項(xiàng)uncertain“無把握的，多變的，不確定的”，C項(xiàng)unacceptable“不能接受的，不受歡迎的”，D項(xiàng)increasing“越來越多的，漸增的”。句意：僅僅是乘著獨(dú)木舟在漫長的海上航行中幸存下來，到達(dá)無人居住的、無人知道的島嶼的海岸，就是一項(xiàng)了不起的成就。indeterminate在句中表示“不確定的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.Innearlyeverylanguage,howeverthewordsarephrased,themostbasicdivisionincinemahistoryliesbetweenfilmsthataremuteandfilmsthatspeak.

Yetthismostfundamentalstandardofhistoricalperiodizationconcealsahostofparadoxes.Nearlyeverymovietheater,howevermodest,hadapianoororgantoprovidemusicalaccompanimenttosilentpictures.Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InBerlin,forthepremiereperformanceoutsidetheSovietUnionofTheBattleshipPotemkin,filmdirectorSergeiEisensteinworkedwithAustriancomposerEdmundMeisel(1874-1930)onamusicalscorematchingsoundtoimage;theBerlinscreeningswithlivemusichelpedtobringthefilmitswideinternationalfame.

Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.Newcolorprocesses,largerordifferentlyshapedscreensizes,multiple-screenprojections,eventelevision,wereamongthedevelopmentsinventedortriedoutduringtheperiod,sometimeswithstartlingsuccess.Thehighcostsofconvertingtosoundandtheearlylimitationsofsoundtechnologywereamongthefactorsthatsuppressedinnovationsorretardedadvancementintheseotherareas.Theintroductionofnewscreenformatswasputoffforaquartercentury,andcolor,thoughutilizedoverthenexttwodecadesforspecialproductions,alsodidnotbecomeanormuntilthe1950s.

Thoughitmaybedifficulttoimaginefromalaterperspective,astrainofcriticalopinioninthe1920spredictedthatsoundfilmwouldbeatechnicalnoveltythatwouldsoonfadefromsight,justashadmanypreviousattempts,datingwellbackbeforetheFirstWorldWar,tolinkimageswithrecordedsound.Thesecriticsweremakingacommonassumption—thatthetechnologicalinadequaciesofearlierefforts(poorsynchronization,weaksoundamplification,fragilesoundrecordings)wouldinvariablyoccuragain.Tobesure,theirevaluationofthetechnicalflawsin1920ssoundexperimentswasnotsofaroffthemark,yettheyneglectedtotakeintoaccountimportantnewforcesinthemotionpicturefieldthat,inasense,wouldnottakenoforananswer.

Theseforcesweretherapidlyexpandingelectronicsandtelecommunicationscompaniesthatweredevelopingandlinkingtelephoneandwirelesstechnologiesinthe1920s.IntheUnitedStates,theyincludedsuchfirmsasAmericanTelephoneandTelegraph,GeneralElectric,andWestinghouse.Theywereinterestedinallformsofsoundtechnologyandallpotentialrevenuesforcommercialexploitation.TheircompetitionandcollaborationwerecreatingthebroadcastingindustryintheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeintroductionofcommercialradioprogrammingintheearly1920s.Withfinancialassetsconsiderablygreaterthanthoseinthemotionpictureindustry,andperhapsawidervisionoftherelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.

In1929theUnitedStatesmotionpictureindustryreleasedmorethan300soundfilms—aroughfigure,sinceanumberweresilentfilmswithmusictracks,orfilmspreparedindualversions,totakeaccountofthemanycinemasnotyetwiredforsound.Attheproductionlevel,intheUnitedStatestheconversionwasvirtuallycompleteby1930.InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive,andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms).Thetriumphofsoundcinemawasswift,complete,andenormouslypopular.

46.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisthemostsignificantdevelopmentinthehistoryoffilm?

47.Whydoestheauthormention“Japanesebenshi”and“originalmusicalcompositions”?

48.Theunderlinedword“overshadowed”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.

49.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthedelayintheconversiontosoundfilmsinEurope?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetechnologicalinnovationofsoundfilmduringthe1920’s.

B.Theinventionofamethodfordeliveringmoviestopeople’shome.

C.Thedevelopmentofatechnologyfortranslatingfilmsintootherlanguages.

D.Thetechnologicalimprovementsallowingclearerimagesinfilms.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tosuggestthataudiencespreferredotherformsofentertainmenttofilmbeforethetransitiontosoundinthe1920’s.

B.Toprovideexamplesofsomeofthefirstsoundsthatwererecordedforfilm.

C.Toindicatesomewaysinwhichsoundaccompaniedfilmbeforetheinnovationofsoundinthelate1920’s.

D.Toshowhowtheuseofsoundinfilmschangedduringdifferenthistoricalperiods.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.distractedfrom

B.explained

C.conducted

D.coordinatedwith

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Europeanproducersoftenlackedknowledgeaboutthenecessaryequipmentforthetransitiontosoundfilms.

B.SmallerEuropeanproducerswereoftenunabletoaffordtoaddsoundtotheirfilms.

C.Itwasoftendifficulttowireoldercinemasinthemajorcitiestoplaysoundfilms.

D.SmallerEuropeanproducersbelievedthatsilentfilmswithmusicaccompanimentwereaestheticallysuperiortosoundfilms.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段，下面哪個(gè)是電影史上最重要的發(fā)展？”。根據(jù)第一段第一句Theshiftfromsilenttosoundfilmattheendofthe1920smarks,sofar,themostimportanttransformationinmotionpicturehistory.（20世紀(jì)20年代末，無聲電影向有聲電影的轉(zhuǎn)變標(biāo)志著電影史上迄今為止最重要的轉(zhuǎn)變。）可知，電影史上最重要的發(fā)展是從無聲電影到有聲電影的轉(zhuǎn)變，A項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)20年代有聲電影的技術(shù)革新”正確。由第二句話Despiteallthehighlyvisibletechnologicaldevelopmentsintheatricalandhomedeliveryofthemovingimagethathaveoccurredoverthedecadessincethen,nosingleinnovationhascomeclosetobeingregardedasasimilarkindofwatershed.（盡管從那以后的幾十年里，在戲劇和家庭中移動(dòng)影像的傳輸方面出現(xiàn)了所有高度可見的技術(shù)發(fā)展，但沒有任何一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新能夠被視為類似的分水嶺。）可知，B項(xiàng)“一種把電影送到人們家里的方法的發(fā)明”、C項(xiàng)“將電影翻譯成其他語言的技術(shù)的發(fā)展”和D項(xiàng)“技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使電影中的圖像更加清晰”都不是。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者提及‘日本配音師’和‘原創(chuàng)音樂作品’？”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段第三句Inmanyinstances,spectatorsintheerabeforerecordedsoundexperiencedelaborateauralpresentationsalongsidemovies’visualimages,fromtheJapanesebenshi(narrators)craftingmultivoiceddialoguenarrativestooriginalmusicalcompositionsperformedbysymphony-sizeorchestrasinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.（在許多情況下，在有聲電影出現(xiàn)之前的時(shí)代，觀眾在體驗(yàn)電影視覺圖像的同時(shí)，也體驗(yàn)了精心制作的聽覺呈現(xiàn)，從日本配音師，即敘述者，制作的多聲音對話敘事到歐美交響樂團(tuán)演奏的原創(chuàng)音樂作品。），從中我們可以推斷，在有聲電影出現(xiàn)之前，觀眾在觀看無聲電影時(shí)，也能夠體驗(yàn)到精心制作的聽覺呈現(xiàn)，包括對話敘事和原創(chuàng)音樂，這是說明聲音陪伴電影的方式，C項(xiàng)“指出在20世紀(jì)20年代后期聲音發(fā)明之前，聲音陪伴電影的一些方式”符合題意，由此也可知A項(xiàng)“暗示在20世紀(jì)20年代向有聲電影過渡之前，觀眾更喜歡其他形式的娛樂”錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“提供一些為電影錄制的最初聲音的例子”，提供例子的目的本身就是為了說明有聲電影之前，聲音陪伴電影的一些方式，該項(xiàng)不正確；D項(xiàng)“展示電影中聲音的使用在不同的歷史時(shí)期是如何變化的”，第二段并沒有論述歷史時(shí)期的變化，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第三段中下劃線的單詞overshadowed的意思與……最接近”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句Beyondthat,thetriumphofrecordedsoundhasovershadowedtherichdiversityoftechnologicalandaestheticexperimentswiththevisualimagethatweregoingforwardsimultaneouslyinthe1920s.（除此之外，錄制聲音的勝利已經(jīng)……20世紀(jì)20年代同時(shí)發(fā)展的視覺圖像技術(shù)和美學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的豐富多樣性），第一段提到20世紀(jì)20年代發(fā)生了電影史上最大的轉(zhuǎn)變，即從無聲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變，那么可以推測，這里的overshadowed指的是：錄制聲音的勝利已經(jīng)蓋過/超過了20世紀(jì)20年代同時(shí)發(fā)展的一些技術(shù)，那么四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是A項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)移，使從……分心”。B項(xiàng)“解釋”、C項(xiàng)“引導(dǎo)，指揮”和D項(xiàng)“使協(xié)調(diào)，配合”都不符合。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)解釋了歐洲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變的延遲？”。根據(jù)最后一段中的InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive（在歐洲花的時(shí)間要長一些，主要是因?yàn)橛懈嗟男≈谱髡?，對他們來說聲音成本高得令人望而卻步）可知，歐洲電影向有聲電影轉(zhuǎn)變的推遲是因?yàn)槁曇舫杀咎撸〉闹破素?fù)擔(dān)不起，B項(xiàng)“較小的歐洲制片人往往無力為他們的電影添加聲音”正確。A項(xiàng)“歐洲制片人往往缺乏向有聲電影過渡所需設(shè)備的知識”和D項(xiàng)“較小的歐洲制片人認(rèn)為有音樂伴奏的無聲電影在美學(xué)上優(yōu)于有聲電影”沒有提到；由andinotherpartsoftheworldproblemswithrightsoraccesstoequipmentdelayedtheshifttosoundproductionforafewmoreyears(thoughcinemasinmajorcitiesmayhavebeenwiredinordertoplayforeignsoundfilms)（在世界的其他地方，由于權(quán)利和設(shè)備的問題，聲音制作的轉(zhuǎn)變又推遲了幾年，盡管大城市的電影院可能已經(jīng)安裝了設(shè)備以播放外國有聲電影。）可知，C項(xiàng)“給大城市里的老電影院安裝電線播放有聲電影常常是困難的”并不符合原文。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Aliquidcanbekeptinanopencontainerandfillittothelevelofafreesurface.Agasformsnofreesurfacebut______todiffusethroughoutthespaceavailable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tends

B.intends

C.inclines

D.contends

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tend表示“趨向，傾向，照料”，tendto表示“趨向，注意，易于”，指朝著一個(gè)方向發(fā)展或者有某種品質(zhì)；B項(xiàng)intend表示“打算，想要，意指”，intendto表示“打算做，想要”；C項(xiàng)incline表示“傾向于，（使）傾向于，贊同（某人或某事）”，inclineto表示“傾向于……，向……傾斜”，指傾向于用某種方式思考或者表現(xiàn)，被要求做某事；D項(xiàng)contend表示“競爭，奮斗，斗爭”，不和to搭配。根據(jù)句子的主語gas（氣體），結(jié)合but轉(zhuǎn)折后面的動(dòng)詞diffuse（擴(kuò)散）可知，A項(xiàng)“傾向于”符合語境。句意：液體可以保存在一個(gè)開放的容器中，并將其裝滿到一個(gè)自由面的水平；氣體沒有形成自由面，而是傾向于在整個(gè)可用的空間中擴(kuò)散。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen’svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarchandofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen’sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewish,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558-1603),theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranothermostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen’slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen'smatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian’simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul’sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality:“ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist.”SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthe-supremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.

Thereisalsothegaporslappedbetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealofaccrualpower:asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands’absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmission;asmembersofguildsaswivesandmotherswhoapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum(1640-60)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles—aspreacher,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

36.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture?

37.WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionasareasontoenablewomentooriginaltexts?

38.Whatdidthereligionsoforthewomen?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Women’sPositioninthe17thCentury.

B.Women’sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.

C.SocialCircumstancesinthe17thCentury.

D.Women’sObjectioninthe17thCentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.

B.Shedominatedtheculture.

C.Shedidlittle.

D.Sheallowedwomentotranslatesomething.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy.

B.QueenAnne’spoliticalactivities.

C.Mostwomenhadagoodeducation.

D.QueenElizabeth’spoliticalactivities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itdidnothing.

B.Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts.

C.Itsupportedwomen.

D.ItappealedtotheGod.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？”。通讀全文，文章第一段先闡述女性由于父權(quán)文化和宗教制度使得女性在很多方面都受到大量壓制和公然歧視，接著第二段論述了在伊麗莎白時(shí)期一些女性群體在文學(xué)方面對父權(quán)制而做的一些平衡抗壓的舉措，第三段闡述了在宗教上，大部分文本都是支持父權(quán)主義的，最后闡述了17世紀(jì)的女性在男性不在的時(shí)候，行使了大量的權(quán)責(zé)證明意識形態(tài)和一般經(jīng)驗(yàn)之間的差距。綜合可以推理，這篇文章主要講述的是17世紀(jì)的女性在社會中所處的一個(gè)地位，A項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)女性的地位”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“女性對父權(quán)制的服從”、C項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)的社會環(huán)境”和D項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)女性的反對”都是文章提到的一部分，不能全面概括整篇文章。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

36.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“伊麗莎白女王在文化上為女性做了什么？”。根據(jù)第二段第二句DuringtheElizabethanera(1558-1603),theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.（在伊麗莎白時(shí)代統(tǒng)治期間，文化領(lǐng)域?yàn)閺?qiáng)大的女王所主導(dǎo)，她本人確實(shí)樹立了令人難忘的女性形象，可是她并沒有為其他女性能夠創(chuàng)作一些東西）可知，雖然伊麗莎白女王樹立了令人印象深刻的女性形象，但是她在文化上并沒有為女性創(chuàng)造些什么，所以C項(xiàng)“她沒做什么”正確。A項(xiàng)“她為女性樹立了榜樣”和B項(xiàng)“她主導(dǎo)了文化”并不是重點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)在though后面的內(nèi)容，這兩項(xiàng)不選。D項(xiàng)“她允許女性翻譯一些東西”，文中并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)是伊麗莎白女王讓女性從事翻譯，D項(xiàng)無中生有。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

37.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作為使女性能夠創(chuàng)造原作的理由，以下哪項(xiàng)未被提及？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranothermostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation…（然而，在17世紀(jì)，各種情況使女性能夠以一定數(shù)量寫出原作。一方面，女性群體為父權(quán)制提供了一些平衡力量：母親和女兒、延伸的親屬網(wǎng)絡(luò)、親密的女性朋友、安妮王后單獨(dú)的宮殿以及她對立的化裝舞會和政治活動(dòng)。另一方面，這些女性大多受過良好的教育……）可知，A項(xiàng)“女性群體為父權(quán)制提供了一些平衡”、B項(xiàng)“安妮女王的政治活動(dòng)”和C項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)女性都受過良好的教育”都有提及。只有D項(xiàng)“伊麗莎白女王的政治活動(dòng)”在文中并沒有提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

38.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“宗教對女性有什么影響？”。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul’sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality…SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthe-supremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.（在圣保羅的書信和圣經(jīng)的其他地方有大量的支持父權(quán)制和妻子對丈夫的服從的文本，但一些文本記載了一種非常不同的政治，促進(jìn)女性精神平等……這樣的經(jīng)文鼓勵(lì)一些女性去爭取最高的族長,即上帝的支持，反對那些聲稱代替上帝站在她們身邊的世俗族長。）可知，圣保羅書信和圣經(jīng)有大量的文本支持父權(quán)主義，但是仍然有一些文本鼓勵(lì)女性去爭取上帝的支持，鼓勵(lì)女性去反對父權(quán)主義，所以B項(xiàng)“除了某些文本外，它們也要求女性服從”符合題意，從而也可知A項(xiàng)“沒什么影響”錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“它支持女性”不夠全面，只有某些文本支持女性。第一段中指出Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarchandofallChristianstoGod.（因此，女性首先服從父親，然后服從丈夫，體現(xiàn)了英國人民服從他們的君主，所有基督徒服從上帝。），可知，宗教是借上帝的名義來壓制女性，使她們服從父權(quán)制，而不是求助于上帝，D項(xiàng)“它求助于上帝”不符合原文。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

JustaweekafterScottishembryologistsannouncedthattheyhadsucceededincloningasheepfromasingleadultcell,boththegeneticscommunityandtheworld31arecomingtoanunsettlingrealization:thescienceistheeasypart.Itisnot32thebreakthroughwasnotdecadesinthemaking.It’sjustthatonceitwascomplete—onceyou33howtotransferthegeneticschematicsfromanadultcellintoalivingovumandkeepthefragileembryo34throughoutgestation...mostofyourbasicbiologicalworkwasfinished.Thesocialandphilosophicaltemblorsittriggers,35,havemerelybegun.

Onlynow,asthenewsofDolly,the36oblivioussheep,becomespartoftheculturaldebate,arewebeginningto37thosesoul-quakes?Howwillthenewtechnologyberegulated?Whatdoesthesuddenabilitytomakegeneticstencilsofourselvessayabouttheconceptofindividuality?Istheresomethingabouttheindividualthatislostwhenthemysticalactof38apersonbecomesstandardizedintoamereactofphotocopyingone?

LastweekPresidentClintontookthefirsttentativesteptowardansweringthesequestions,chargingaU.S.commission39thetaskofinvestigatingthelegaland40implicationsofthenewtechnologyandreportingbacktohimwiththeirfindingswithin90days.LaterthisweektheHousesubcommitteeonbasicresearchwillholdahearingto41thesameissues.TheprobabletoneofthosesessionswasestablishedlastweekwhenHaroldVarmus,directoroftheNationalInstituteofHealth,toldanothersubcommitteethatcloningapersonis“42totheAmericanpublic.”

Aroundtheglobe,thereactionwasjustas43France’sundersecretaryforresearch44humancloningas“unthinkable,”theCouncilofEuropeSecretaryGeneralcalledit“una