2022年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)43

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

The（

）ofourtriptoWashingtonwasthevisittotheWhiteHouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.climate

B.extremity

C.maximun

D.novel

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。climate意為“氣候”；extremity意為“末端，端點(diǎn)，盡頭”；maximun意為“最大值，最大”；novel意為“小說”。

句意：我們?nèi)A盛頓之行的最后一站是參觀白宮。

2.單選題

1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.

2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)

3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.

4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.

5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.

6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?

2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?

5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisasymboloffairplay.

B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.

C.Itwritesbigchecks.

D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Nobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmerit

B.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocess

C.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocess

D.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theNobelistooflexible

B.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciples

C.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiased

D.theselectionprocesslackstransparency

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thescienceprizes.

B.Theliteratureprizes.

C.Thepeaceprizes.

D.Theeconomicsprizes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.

B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.

C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.

D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.（在某種程度上，獎(jiǎng)金的金額（2000年約為91萬美元）很重要；現(xiàn)金價(jià)值容易模糊成威望）可知諾貝爾的豐厚獎(jiǎng)金使它更聲名顯赫，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman'ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.（其功績(jī)超過普通人。Feldman先生的下一個(gè)問題就是質(zhì)疑其真實(shí)性）可知A“諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的頒發(fā)可能不以功績(jī)?yōu)橐罁?jù)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的TheNobels…mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.（諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)……必須在指導(dǎo)方針和參數(shù)范圍內(nèi)工作）可知與B選項(xiàng)“諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)嚴(yán)格遵循選擇原則”相符；由第五段中的peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical（在挑選過程中的人可能同時(shí)具有操縱性和政治性）（whichcorrodesfairness它腐蝕了公平）,andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude（堅(jiān)信自己的誠意和正直）（whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture使他們看不到自己的弱點(diǎn)和他們文化的弱點(diǎn)）可知與C選項(xiàng)“瑞典科學(xué)院成員的意見可能是有失偏頗的”相符；由第五段中的SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.（諾貝爾保密性阻礙了新的、糾正性的批評(píng)）可知與D選項(xiàng)“甄選過程缺乏透明度”相符；故可排除B、C、D，因此選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord.（科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)以最好的成績(jī)出現(xiàn)）可知Feldman先生對(duì)科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的評(píng)價(jià)最高，因此選A。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.（他認(rèn)為這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)比一個(gè)世紀(jì)前更“健康”；是“在所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都受到攻擊的時(shí)代，迫切需要權(quán)威和一致性的象征”；以及刺激我們對(duì)偉大事物驚嘆不如的能力）可知盡管諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)有一些問題，但還是有存在的必要，因此選C。

3.單選題

Thecountryisnowundergoinganeconomic（

）inwhichbusinessactivityisgreatlyreducedandtheunemploymentrateishigh.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flourish

B.accession

C.sanction

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。flourish意為“繁榮，昌盛”；accession意為“增加”；sanction意為“制裁，處罰”；recession意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，不景氣”。

句意：這個(gè)國家正遭受嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，商業(yè)活動(dòng)大大減少，失業(yè)率很高。

4.單選題

Toexploremechanicalsecretdetection,asearchinstitutehasdevelopedasyntheticnosewhichcandetectscentsinvaporsata（

）ofoneparticletoamillion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.number

B.percentage

C.proportion

D.ratio

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。number意為“數(shù)量”，anumberof意為“許多的”；percentage意為“百分比，百分率”；proportion意為“份額，比例”，強(qiáng)調(diào)比例通常以100％為比例基數(shù)；ratio意為“比率，比例”，強(qiáng)調(diào)是整體與部分、部分與部分的比率。

句意：為了探尋機(jī)械的神秘的探測(cè)，一個(gè)研究機(jī)構(gòu)研發(fā)了一個(gè)人造鼻子，它可以在蒸發(fā)的氣體中偵探出百萬分之一的氣味。

5.單選題

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔(dān)，接受，雇用”；takeup意為“開始從事”；takeout意為“取出，除去”；takeover意為“接收，接管”。

句意：他的襯衫工廠發(fā)展很快，以至于他必須雇傭更多的工人。

6.單選題

Whenyoupackthepears,pleasebecarefulsothattheywon’tget（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bruised

B.blushed

C.injured

D.mature

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。bruise意為“撞傷，擦傷”；blush意為“臉紅，羞愧”；injure意為“(尤指在事故中)傷害，損害”；mature意為“成熟”。

句意：當(dāng)你打包梨子時(shí)，請(qǐng)小心點(diǎn)，不要把梨子摩擦壞了。

7.單選題

Don'tbehardonLilly.Sheis（

）andshemaystarttocry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sophisticated

B.sympathetic

C.sensitive

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sophisticated意為“老練的，見過世面的”；sympathetic意為“同情的，有同情心的”；sensitive意為“敏感的，易受影響的”；sensible意為“理智的，明智的”。

句意：別對(duì)莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感，她可能會(huì)哭了。

8.單選題

Therearesomedangersyoucannotescapefrom.Itiswisetoignorethosethatare（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regardless

B.elementary

C.inevitable

D.essential

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。regardless意為“不管，不顧”；elementary意為“基礎(chǔ)的，初級(jí)的”；inevitable意為“不可避免的”；essential意為“必不可少的，本質(zhì)的”。

句意：有些危險(xiǎn)是你無法逃避的。忽視那些不可避免的危險(xiǎn)是明智的。

9.單選題

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。multiply意為“乘”；breed意為“飼養(yǎng)，培育(動(dòng)植物)”；magnify意為“放大”；generation作名詞時(shí)，意為“產(chǎn)生，繁殖”。

句意：將野生植物培育成小麥等主要糧食作物需要進(jìn)行大量的研究，這一點(diǎn)是千真萬確的。

10.單選題

Therehasbeenmuchoppositionfromsomesocialgroups,（

）fromthefarmingcommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.straightforwardly

B.notably

C.virtually

D.exceptionally

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。straightforwardly意為“正直地”；notably意為“尤其，特別”；virtually意為“實(shí)際上，實(shí)質(zhì)上”；exceptionally意為“例外地，異常地”。

句意：已遭到來自一些社會(huì)團(tuán)體的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，尤其是來自農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)。

11.單選題

Thiscountrycouldhaveasmanyas10millioncasesofAIDSin2011ifthe（

）isnottakenseriously.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equivalent

B.epidemic

C.eruption

D.episode

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。equivalent意為“相等的東西，等量”；epidemic意為“流行病”；eruption意為“噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)”；episode意為“插曲”。

句意：如果不認(rèn)真對(duì)待該國的疫情，到2011年，該國可能會(huì)有多達(dá)1000萬的艾滋病人。

12.問答題

Thetroubleis,asIseeit(A),thatheisaperfectionistinhisway(B),andhesaysthat(C)liewillnothavechildrenwhen(D)theycanafforditfinancially.

【答案】試題答案：D;until

【解析】考查固定句型。not...until意為“直到……才”，因此將when改為until。

13.單選題

Heseemstobe（

）enoughtoclimbtothemountaintopinanhour.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.radiant

B.conscientious

C.conspicuous

D.energetic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。radiant意為“光芒四射的，輻射的”；conscientious意為“認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的”；conspicuous意為“明顯的”；energetic意為“精力充沛的，充滿活力的”。

句意：他似乎精力充沛，能夠在一小時(shí)內(nèi)爬上山頂。

14.單選題

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。even,still修飾表示級(jí)，意為“更……”，little的比較級(jí)為less，因此選B。

句意：他數(shù)學(xué)懂得很少，化學(xué)懂得更少了。

15.單選題

ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMC),andRob

MeakinapersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms,professorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesandinsomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”

AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”

TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain.ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.”

1.WhatisthepurposeofE2course?

2.WhydoesBhattsaythat"e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain"?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouknowaboute-businessinBritain?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Accordingtothatlastpassage,whatisBhatt’sattitudetowardse-commerce?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Teachelectronicengineeringmanagement.

B.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeacquaintedwithe-commerce.

C.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeengineersandmanagers.

D.Teachengineersandmanagersaboutdevelopingpartnership.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemanybusinessleadershaveshowntheirinterestinthis.

B.Becauseitcanstrengthenthecompanies’competitiveness.

C.Becausemorepeoplewilllearne-commercestyle.

D.Becausenewinformationtechnologiescangreatlyimproveindustrialproductivity.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.E-businesshaseliminatedmanycompetitiverivals.

B.E-businesshasdonemanybenefitstobigcompanies

C.ManycompanieshavejoinedintheE-businessprogram.

D.E-businesshasgreatpotentialandwillmakechangesinthecountry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.BritaincanbecompetitivetoUSintheareaofinformationtechnology.

B.Britainhasalreadytakentheadvantagesofrunningengineeringmanagement.

C.AswithmanyotherEuropeancountries,Britainhasmadeuseofcomputer-aidedsystems.

D.E-businesshasofferedopportunitiestoEuropeancountriestoeliminatethecompetitivenessgapwithalltherivals.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.HethinksitasapreciseopportunityonlytoBritain.

B.Hethinksthatitisnotasagoodopportunityaspeoplethink.

C.HethinksitisnotonlygoodforBritainbutalsoapreciseopportunityforothercountries.

D.Hedoesnotconsideritagoodopportunityinthelongrun.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate（建立了合作伙伴關(guān)系，培訓(xùn)工程師和管理人員成為精英）可知D選項(xiàng)“教工程師和經(jīng)理如何發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.（電子商務(wù)將使英國的第二次生產(chǎn)力革命成為可能。這可能會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)接近消除與主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的巨大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力差距）可知B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗梢栽鰪?qiáng)企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.（英國從未將科技作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)力）可知D選項(xiàng)“電子商務(wù)有著巨大的潛力，并將在這個(gè)國家發(fā)生變化”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.（在過去五年中，由于信息技術(shù)，美國制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率提高了30%。在英國，我們可以取得更多成就，成功的電子商務(wù)將對(duì)英國經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來數(shù)十億美元的收益）可知A選項(xiàng)“在信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，英國可以比美國更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Themovetoglobalizebecauseofecommerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.（由于電子商務(wù)而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。盡管網(wǎng)絡(luò)允許英國工業(yè)超越歐洲同行，但它也為亞洲國家提供了超越西方的機(jī)會(huì)。這是第一次它不是西方世界的特權(quán)，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)技術(shù)是普遍的）可知C選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為這不僅對(duì)英國有利，而且對(duì)其他國家來說也是一個(gè)確切的機(jī)會(huì)”正確。

16.問答題

Inspiteof(A)hisaged(B)appearance,hismovementswereasspirited(C)asayoungman(D).

【答案】試題答案：D;ayoungman’s

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。as...as意為“與……一樣”，hismovements（他的動(dòng)作）不能與ayoungman（年輕人）進(jìn)行比較，應(yīng)與ayoungman’smovements比較，為了避免重復(fù)，此處可將ayoungman’smovements中的movements省略，改為ayoungman's。

17.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（

）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.confirm

C.confine

D.confront

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。conform意為“遵守，遵從，服從”；confirm意為“確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)”；confine意為“限制”；confront意為“面對(duì)”。

句意：在任何一個(gè)文化環(huán)境中的絕大多數(shù)人都會(huì)遵守那種文化的既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

18.單選題

Hewassomeanthathecouldn’tbearto（

）thesmallestsumofmoneyforthecharityappeal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.partwith

B.givein

C.payoff

D.letout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。partwith意為“放棄，失去，割舍”；givein意為“屈服”；payoff意為“付清”；letout意為“出租，放出，發(fā)出”。

句意：他如此吝嗇以至于不能忍受為慈善割舍一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錢。

19.單選題

Idon’tthinkthebuildingwaswell（

）andconstructed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deceived

B.perceived

C.conceived

D.achieved

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。deceive意為“欺詐”；perceive意為“意識(shí)到，察覺到”；conceive意為“想出，構(gòu)想，設(shè)想”；achieve意為“取得”。

句意：我覺得這棟建筑構(gòu)思不太巧妙，也修建得不太好。

20.單選題

“Itisimpossiblethatoldprejudicesandhostilitiesshouldlongerexist,whilesuchaninstrumenthasbeencreatedfartheexchangeofthoughtbetweenallthenationsoftheearth,”acclaimedVictorianenthusiaststhearrivalin1858ofthefirsttransatlantictelegraphcable.Peoplesaythatsortofthingsaboutnewtechnologies,eventoday.Biotechnologyissaidtobethecureforworldhunger.Thesequencingofthehumangenomewillsupposedlyuprootcancerandotherdiseases.Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.Awholeindustryofcybergurushasenthralledaudiences(andmadeafineliving)withclaimsthattheInternetwillpreventwars,reducepollution,andcombatvariousformsofinequalityHowever,althoughtheInternetisstillyoungenoughtoinspireidealism,ithasalsobeenaroundlongenoughtotestwhethertheprophetscanberight.

GrandestofalltheclaimsarethosemadebysomeoftheexpertsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyabouttheInternet’spotentialasaforceforpeace.NicholasNegroponte,hasdeclaredthat,thankstotheInternet,thechildrenofthefuture“arenotgoingtoknowwhatnationalismis”.Hiscolleague,MichaelDertouzos,haswrittenthatdigitalcommunicationswillbring“computer-aidedpeace”which“mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups”.Theideaisthatimprovedcommunicationswillreducemisunderstandingsandtransferconflict.

Thisisnotnew,anymorethanweretheclaimsforthepeace-makingpossibilitiesofothernewtechnologies.Intheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,airplaneswereexpectedtoendwars,bypromotinginternationalcommunicationand(lesscredibly)bymakingarmiesout-of-date,sincetheywouldbeweaktoattackfromtheair.AftertheFirstWorldWarhaddispelledsuchnotions,itwastheturnofradio.“Nationshallspeakpeaceuntonation”ranthefinemottoofBritain’sBBCWorldService.Sadly,RadioofRwandadisprovedtheideathatradiowasanintrinsicallypeaceforceonceandforall.

Themistakepeoplemakeistoassumethatwarsarecausedsimplybythefailureofdifferentpeoplestounderstandeachotheradequately.Indeed,evenifthatweretrue,theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict.Hatespeechandintolerancedevelopinitsdarkcomers,wheregovernmentfindsithardtointervene.AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.

1.Nowadays,the1858acclaimbyenthusiastsarestillusedtodescribe（

）.

2.Thephrase"staveoff"(underlinedinparagraph2)probablymeans

（

）.

3.PeoplewillnotbelievetheInternetcanputanendtowarifthey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.themeritsofbiotechnology

B.thesignificanceofnewtechnology

C.theprospectoftheInternet

D.thesequencingofhumangenome

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.getridof

B.advocatefor

C.makeuseof

D.scrapethrough

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cancontrolhatespeechandintoleranceontheInternet

B.donottakemisunderstandingasthereasonforwar

C.efficientlyfostertheInternetasameansofcommunication

D.knowthenatureoftheInternetistoadvocatewar

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thewildestoptimism,though,hasgreetedtheInternet.（然而，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來了最狂野的樂觀。）可知C選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的前景”符合題意。

2.詞義題。由文章第二段中的digitalcommunicationswillbring"computer-aidedpeace"which"mayhelpstaveofffutureflare-upsofethnichatredandnationalbreak-ups"（數(shù)字通信將帶來“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助和平”，這“有助于……未來民族仇恨的爆發(fā)和民族分裂的爆發(fā)”）可知“staveoff”為動(dòng)詞詞組，which引導(dǎo)后面的定語從句，修飾先行詞computer-aidedpeace，根據(jù)“和平”的含義，可推測(cè)此處指減少或避免民族仇恨和分裂的爆發(fā)，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的theInternetcanalsobeusedtoadvocateconflict...AlthoughtheInternetundeniablyfosterscommunication,itwillnotputanendtowar.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也可以用來鼓吹沖突……盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)無可否認(rèn)地促進(jìn)了交流，但它不會(huì)結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）可知D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)識(shí)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的本質(zhì)就是倡導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”符合題意。

21.單選題

Therehasbeensomeinsensiblepeoplewhoattempttoendtheirpains（

）throughsuicide.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heartandsoul

B.onthewhole

C.byandlarge

D.onceforall

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。heartandsoul意為“全心全意，完全地”；onthewhole意為“大體上，基本上”；byandlarge意為“總的來說，大體而言”；onceforall意為“一勞永逸地，徹底地，只此一次”。

句意：有一些麻木不仁的人試圖通過自殺一次性地結(jié)束他們的痛苦。

22.單選題

Distrustingwomen,heremaineda（

）allhislife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.marshal

B.bandit

C.bachelor

D.burglar

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。marshal意為“元帥”；bandit意為“土匪，強(qiáng)盜”；bachelor意為“未婚男子，單身漢，學(xué)士”；burglar意為“竊賊”。

句意：由于不信任女人，他做了一輩子單身漢。

23.問答題

With(A)thewordscientistwemeanonewhoisequippedto(B)spendalifetimefor(C)theadvancementofsciencetothebest(D)ofone'sability.

【答案】試題答案：A;By

【解析】考查介詞用法。with意為“和，同，具有”，此處表示“根據(jù)科學(xué)家這個(gè)詞，我們說的是一個(gè)……”，因此用by（根據(jù)，按照）。

24.單選題

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywastheofthe（

）humanrace?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。offspring意為“子孫，后代”；successor意為“接替者，繼任者”；breeder意為“飼養(yǎng)員”；predecessor意為“前輩，祖先”。

句意：你同意猴子是人類的祖先的說法嗎？

25.問答題

Theteachersaidthatif(A)webelievedsomethingwas(B)trueandgoodweshould(C)holdontothem(D).

【答案】試題答案：D;it

【解析】考查代詞用法。something意為“某物，某事”，其不定代詞要用單數(shù)代詞it，不能用them。

26.單選題

Scientistshavelongarguedwhetherhypocrisyisdrivenbyemotionorbyreason.Inothermoraljudgments,brainimagingshows,regionsinvolvedinfeeling,notthinking,ruletheroleofemotioninmoraljudgmentshasoverturnedtheEnlightenmentnotionthatourethicalsenseisbasedonhigh-mindedphilosophyandcognition.Thatbringsustohypocrisy,whichisalmostridiculouslyeasytobringoutinpeople.

Inanewstudy,psychologistDavidDeStenoinstructed94peopletoassignthemselvesandstrangeroneoftwotasks:aneasyoneorahardone.Theneveryonewasasked,howfairlydidyouactfrom“extremelyunfairly”(1)to“extremelyfairly”(7).Nexttheywatchedsomeoneelsemaketheassignments,andjudgedthatperson'sethics.Selflessnesswasavirtualno-show:87outof94peopleoptedfortheeasytaskandgavethenextguythedifficultone.Hypocrisy,however,showedupwithbellson:everysinglepersonwhomadetheselfishchoicejudgedhisownbehaviorlessstrictly—onaverage,4.5vs.3.1—thanthatofsomeoneelsewhograbbedtheeasytaskforhimself.

Thegapsuggestshowhypocrisyispossible.Whenwejudgeourownmisbehaviorslessharshly,DeStenosaid,itmaybebecause“wehavethisautomatic,gut-level(本能)instincttopreserveourself-image.Inourheart,maybewe'rejustnotassensitivetoourownimmoralbehaviors.Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob.”

Totesttheroleofcognitioninhypocrisy,DeStenohadvolunteersagainassignthemselvesaneasytaskandastrangeradifficultone.Butbeforejudgingthefairnessoftheiractions,theyhadtomemorizesevennumbers.Thistactickeepsthebrain’sthinkingregionstootieduptothinkmuchaboutanythingelse,anditworked:hypocrisyvanished.Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers’，strongevidencethatmoralhypocrisyrequiresahigh-ordercognitiveprocess.Whenthethinkingpartofthebrainisotherwiseengaged,we’releftwithgut-levelreactions,andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers.

Ifourgutknowswhenwehaveerredandjudgesourmisbehaviorsharshly,moralhypocrisymightnotbeasinevitableasifitwerethechildofemotionsandinstincts,whicharetoughertochangethanthinking.“Sinceit’sacognitiveprocess,wehavevolitional(意志的)controloverit,arguesDeSteno.Thewaytochangeheartsandmindsistofocusontheformer:appealtoourbetterangelsinthebrain’semotionareas,andtellcircuitsthataregoingthroughcognitivedistortionstoexcuseinourselveswhatwecondemninotherstojustshutup.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,brainimagingisproofof（

）.

2.Theconclusiondrawnfromthefirstexperimentisthatpeople

（

）.

3.DeStenoattributesthesubjects’behaviorstothefactthatthey

（

）.

4.Thesecondexperimentprovesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionalbasisofmoraljudgments

B.emotion-drivenhypocrisy

C.reason-drivenhypocrisy

D.theEnlightenmentnotion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.prefereasytasks

B.likepickingfaultsofothers

C.demandbothbenefitsandreputation

D.arehypocriticalinnature

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areself-centered

B.areinsensitivetomisbehavior