2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)43

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Inlateautumnswallowsflysouthtomuchwarmerlands,wheretheycanfindplentyofthesmallflyinginsectsonwhichthey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arefed

B.eat

C.rely

D.feed

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。feedon“以…為食”，燕子以飛蟲為食，兩者之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，故排除A。句意：在晚秋時(shí)節(jié)，小燕子向南飛向更暖和的地方，在那里它們能找到許多可以當(dāng)作食物的小飛蟲。答案D

2.單選題

Thisisthe（

）pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.actual

B.genuine

C.real

D.original

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。actual“實(shí)際存在的”；genuine“真實(shí)的”；real“真實(shí)的，實(shí)在的”；original“原創(chuàng)的，原來的”。句意：那位作曲家就是在這臺(tái)鋼琴上創(chuàng)作出了他最偉大的作品。D項(xiàng)符合句意，答案D

3.單選題

TheChineseRedCross（

）ageneroussumtothereliefofthephysicallydisabled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assigned

B.contributed

C.furnished

D.administered

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。assign“分配，分派”；contribute“捐助，捐獻(xiàn)”；furnish“提供、供應(yīng)”；administer“管理”。句意：中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)捐出了一大筆錢來減輕殘疾人的痛苦。B項(xiàng)符合題意，答案B

4.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldn't（

）theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revise

B.resume

C.reconcile

D.repel

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。revise“更正，修改”；resume“（中斷后）重新開始”；reconcile“使和解，調(diào)解”；repel“擊退”。句意：那對(duì)夫婦不能和解分歧，所以決定離婚。C項(xiàng)符合題意，答案C

5.單選題

Whenyoutakemedicine,becarefulnotto（

）thatamountprintedonthebottle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surpass

B.substitute

C.exceed

D.overcome

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。surpass“超過，優(yōu)于”；substitute“代用品，替代者”；exceed“超過”；overcome“克服（困難）”。句意：吃藥的時(shí)候注意不要超過瓶子上寫的劑量。答案C

6.翻譯題

Thereare2shortpassagesinthispart.PassageAisforyoutotranslatefromEnglishtoChineseandpassageBisfromChinesetoEnglish.

PassageA

Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpureeyes.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindcertainstereotypes.JohnDeweyhassaidthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividual,asagainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofthemothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalk.

PassageB

教育的主要目標(biāo)之一就是給未來的公民準(zhǔn)備好他們?cè)诔扇松鐣?huì)占有一席之地所需要的一切。當(dāng)今的成人社會(huì)由男人和女人組成，所以男女分開的學(xué)校怎么可能為他們的將來做好恰當(dāng)?shù)臏?zhǔn)備呢？男女同校的教育給孩子提供的完全是現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)的真實(shí)縮影。男孩女孩都有機(jī)會(huì)互相了解，有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)著從小在一起生活。在這里，他們可以在學(xué)習(xí)能力、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)和許多課外活動(dòng)方面進(jìn)行相互比較，這些都是學(xué)校生活的一部分。

【答案】風(fēng)俗一般不被認(rèn)為是什么重要的課題。我們認(rèn)為我們大腦的內(nèi)部活動(dòng)特別值得研究。但對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，我們卻覺得那不過是最平常的行為而已。但事實(shí)恰恰相反。全世界的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣是很多具體行為的集合，這些具體行為不管有多不正常，也比任何個(gè)體行為令人驚訝。這只是問題的次要方面。最重要的是，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣在人們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及信仰上扮演的重要角色以及它所體現(xiàn)的多樣性。

沒有人能以純凈的眼睛看待世界。即使在哲學(xué)探索中，他也沒有徹底拋棄成見。約翰?杜威曾經(jīng)說過，風(fēng)俗對(duì)于個(gè)體行為的塑造之于個(gè)體對(duì)風(fēng)俗的影響，正如一個(gè)人的母語詞匯與他的咿呀學(xué)語一樣。

Amajorgoalofeducationistoprepareeverythingtheyneedforfuturecitizenstotheirplaceinadultsociety.Today’sadultcommunityiscomposedofmenandwomen,so,howcanschoolsseparatemenandwomentomakeappropriatepreparationsfortheirfuture?Whatco-educationaleducationprovidedtochildreniscompletelytruemicrocosmoftherealworld.Theyhavetheopportunitytohavemutualunderstandingandlearntolivetogether.Here,theycancomparewitheachotherinlearningabilities,sportsperformanceandmanyextra-curricularactivitiesandallofthesearepartsofschoollife.

7.單選題

Egyptianauthoritiesaretryingtopreventtheirhistoricalmonumentsfrom（

）thesavagesoftime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standingby

B.countingon

C.succumbingto

D.holdingup

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。standingby支持，準(zhǔn)備行動(dòng)；countingon依賴，依靠；succumbingto屈服于…；holdingup拿著。句意：埃及當(dāng)局正在試圖阻止他們的歷史古跡隨著時(shí)間推移而消隕。C項(xiàng)符合題意，答案C

8.單選題

Somepeopleeither（

）avoidquestionsofrightandwrongorremainneutralaboutthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.violently

B.enthusiastically

C.sincerely

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。violently“激烈地，猛烈地”；enthusiastically“熱心地，滿腔熱情地”；sincerely“真誠(chéng)地”；deliberately“故意地”。句意：有些人不是故意避開是非的問題就是保持中立。either…or…要么……要么……，表示并列關(guān)系，故答案D

9.單選題

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人類感知的目的是使世界變得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意義的歸屬是行動(dòng)的前提和準(zhǔn)備。”可知C項(xiàng)“如果世界沒有提前被賦予具體意義，那么對(duì)于世界的任何反應(yīng)都是不可能的”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.這是解釋者根據(jù)過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普遍的動(dòng)機(jī)而得出的結(jié)論。因此，意義的歸屬始終是一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的過程，通過這個(gè)過程，原始的感覺被轉(zhuǎn)化為符合觀察者的目標(biāo)?！贝鸢窧

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每個(gè)觀察者從不同的角度來看待每一個(gè)對(duì)象和信息。每個(gè)人都會(huì)注意到一些特征而忽略其他的?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確，答案D

第4題:主旨大意題。文章第一段就提到，世界必須被賦予具體的意義。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人們看待事物的視角和觀點(diǎn)不同，那么賦予事物的含義也會(huì)不同?！笨芍恼伦髡叩膶懽髂康氖潜砻魇挛锏暮x都是人賦予的，是主觀的東西。答案B

10.單選題

Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka（

）viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lenient

B.divergent

C.dim

D.cautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lenient寬大的，仁慈的；divergent有分歧的；dim暗淡的，昏暗的；cautious小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的。句意：讓所有人出乎意料的是，裁判員對(duì)這次犯規(guī)采取了寬容的態(tài)度，一點(diǎn)也沒有懲罰參賽選手。由didnotpunishtheplayeratall可知裁判采取了寬容的態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)正確。答案A

11.單選題

Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisa（1）education,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationis

（2）

一requiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplyto

（3）

everyone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertain

（4）

itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequipped

（5）

naturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimisticcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneis

（6）

tobeeducated.Computer-educationadvocates—

（7）

thisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.

（8）

ontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computer-educationadvocatesoften

（9）

—thejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducational（10）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.informal

B.basic

C.technical

D.expensive

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.differently

B.universally

C.conversely

D.regularly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.form

B.consist

C.arise

D.raise

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.year

B.age

C.day

D.extent

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.at

C.by

D.with

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.fit

B.responsible

C.suitable

D.able

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.consider

B.forget

C.forsake

D.foretell

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Encountering

B.Banking

C.Devising

D.Seeking

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.emphasize

B.encourage

C.engage

D.enlarge

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.academy

B.position

C.degree

D.achievement

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:考查形容詞辨析。由空前的“aimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjob”知C項(xiàng)正確。informal非正式的；basic基本的；technical技術(shù)的；expensive昂貴的。答案選C

第2題:考查副詞辨析。differently不同地；universally普遍地；conversely相反地；regularly定期地，有規(guī)律地。此處意為普及教育，故答案選B

第3題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。form形成；consist由……組成；arise出現(xiàn)；raise提高。此處意為提升得到工作的機(jī)會(huì)（提升工作前景）答案選D

第4題:考查名詞辨析。由attendschool可知此處指“到了一定的上學(xué)年齡”。答案選B

第5題:考查固定搭配。bynature天生地，生性，答案選C

第6題:考查固定搭配。responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；suitable合適的。此處意為：適合教育。befitto適應(yīng)，適合。答案選A

第7題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。consider認(rèn)為，考慮；forget忘記；forsake放棄，斷念；foretell預(yù)言，預(yù)示。由“forapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.用與他們樂觀外表相悖的悲觀情緒來替代。”可知此處指代放棄了樂觀的想法，故C項(xiàng)正確。

第8題:考查固定搭配。bankon“依靠；依賴”知B項(xiàng)正確。

第9題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由上文可知計(jì)算機(jī)支持者放棄了樂觀的想法及thejobprospectsofgraduatesover…可知計(jì)算機(jī)支持者重視就業(yè)，emphasize…over…更重視…。答案選A

第10題:考查名詞辨析。academy學(xué)院；position位置，職位；degree程度，等級(jí)；achievement成就。對(duì)比可知D項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者重視就業(yè)前景而非教育成就。答案選D。

12.單選題

Thoughshewasnotaprofessionalwriter,shebecamean（

）memberoftheWriter’sAssociation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.honour

B.honourable

C.honoured

D.honorary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。honour“榮譽(yù)”；honourable“誠(chéng)實(shí)的，正直的”；honoured“榮幸的”；honorary“名譽(yù)的”。句意：盡管她不是職業(yè)作家，她還是成為了作協(xié)的名譽(yù)會(huì)員。D項(xiàng)符合題意，答案D

13.單選題

Withthegradualimprovementoftransportationandcommunications,farmrshavenowhadeasier（

）tocitiesandtowns.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.reach

C.approach

D.touch

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。haveaccessto有接觸（或進(jìn)入、使用）的機(jī)會(huì)。句意：隨著交通和通訊的逐漸改善，農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在更容易進(jìn)入城鎮(zhèn)。故答案A。

14.單選題

Architecture,then,isanart,andanyartmustgiveuspleasure,orelseitisbadart,orweareabnormallyblind;weareingeneraltoohardenedand（1）toarchitectureasanart,andtothejoyitmaybringus.It'stheconstantnearness

（2）

architectureduringourentireconsciousexistencethathas

（3）

usinthisway.Weforgetthatitisanartofhereand

（4）

,becauseitiswithuseveryday,and

（5）

wemusthavehousestolivein,weareapttothinkofthem

（6）

asabidingplaces.Thereforewethinkofarchitecture

（7）

somevague,learnedthinghavingtodowithFrenchcathedralsorItalianpalacesorGreektemples,（8）

withNewYorkorChicagostreetsorLosAngelessuburbs.Thisfalsedoctrinehasstrengthenedinusuntiloureyesare

（9）

andourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday,andthenweloseallthefinedeeppleasurethatwemight

（10）experiencefromourordinarysurroundings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.uninterested

B.unrelated

C.indifferent

D.insensitive

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.of

C.in

D.from

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.folded

B.blinded

C.sharpened

D.weakened

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.now

B.then

C.there

D.after

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thus

B.therefore

C.that

D.because

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.solely

B.really

C.practically

D.invariably

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.for

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.but

C.together

D.not

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.closed

B.dusted

C.blinded

D.dulled

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.otherwise

B.orelse

C.probably

D.alternately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】第1題:1.D考查形容詞辨析。uninterested不感興趣的；unrelated無關(guān)的；indifferent冷漠的；insensitive麻木的，無感覺的；由hardened冷酷的可知空格處所填單詞意思應(yīng)與其差不多。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案D

第2題:考查介詞辨析。architecture后面的部分做constantnearness的后置定語，故用介詞of修飾，此處意為人們認(rèn)為建筑物總是在那里。答案B

第3題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由orweareabnormallyblind可知此處B項(xiàng)正確。正是因?yàn)槿藗兊倪@種觀點(diǎn)“建筑物總是在那里”使人們對(duì)建筑物有了誤解。fold折疊；sharpen削尖，磨快；weaken減少，使變?nèi)?。答案B

第4題:考查固定搭配。hereandnow此時(shí)此刻；hereandthere各處；到處。由“becauseitiswithuseveryday建筑物每天都與我們?cè)谝黄稹笨赏浦八晕覀兞?xí)慣認(rèn)為建筑物到處都是，而忘記了建筑物是此時(shí)此刻的藝術(shù)”故hereandnow符合題意。

第5題:考查連詞辨析。由and可知空格處所填單詞與前面的because并列，也是表示原因，故D項(xiàng)正確。再由空格后面的“weareaptto…”也可推斷此空表示一種原因，引出后面的結(jié)果。答案D

第6題:A考查副詞辨析。really實(shí)際上；practically實(shí)際地；invariably總是，不變地。由上文提到的“我們忘記了將建筑物看作是此時(shí)此刻的藝術(shù)”可知此處意為我們僅僅將房子認(rèn)為是不變的地方，A項(xiàng)符合題意。

第7題:考查固定搭配。thinkofsth.assth.“將…看作…”知C項(xiàng)正確，答案C

第8題:考查連詞辨析。由Thisfalsedoctrine及上文“我們將建筑認(rèn)為是與法國(guó)大教堂或意大利宮殿或希臘神廟有關(guān)而與紐約或芝加哥街道或洛杉磯郊外無關(guān)”。havesomethingtodowith與…有關(guān)。答案D

第9題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由空格后“ourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday我們的頭腦對(duì)我們周圍正在創(chuàng)造的一切美好事物充耳不聞”以及and表示并列關(guān)系可推知我們的眼睛也對(duì)周圍的美好事物比較遲鈍，感覺不到這些事物的美。dulled“遲鈍的，無趣的”；closed“關(guān)著的”；dusted“拂去灰塵的”；blinded“瞎的，不知情的”。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第10題:考查連詞辨析。前面提到我們的眼睛和心靈都屏蔽了建筑物的美。由此可知如果我們改變態(tài)度多體會(huì)的話，我們可能從普通環(huán)境中體會(huì)到這些深度的美景。A項(xiàng)最符合語義。orelse要不然，否則，其后一般跟完整的句子；probably“大概”；alternately“交替地”。答案Afenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday中的deafened聽不見的可推知空格處意為看不見的，故答案為A。eyesareclosed看不見的，閉著眼的。

15.單選題

Smallfarmsandthelackofmoderntechnologyhave（

）agriculturalproduction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blundered

B.tangled

C.bewildered

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。blundered“做錯(cuò)；說錯(cuò)話”；tangled“使糾纏；處于混亂狀態(tài)”；bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；hampered“阻礙，束縛”。句意：小農(nóng)場(chǎng)和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的缺乏阻礙了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。聯(lián)系前半句可知只有D項(xiàng)“阻礙”符合句意。答案D

16.單選題

Exerciseseemstobenefitthebrainpowerofhealthyandsick,youngandold（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alike

B.alive

C.together

D.included

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。alike同樣的；alive活著的，有生氣的；together一起；included包括在內(nèi)的。句意：運(yùn)動(dòng)似乎對(duì)他們的腦力有益，無論對(duì)健康的人、生病的人，還是年輕人、老人都一樣。A項(xiàng)符合句意，答案A。

17.單選題

Nolongerarecontributionstocomputertechnologyconfinedtoanyonecountry;（

）isthismoretruethaninEurope.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hardly

B.little

C.seldom

D.nowhere

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。hardly“幾乎不”；little“完全不”；seldom“很少”；nowhere“無處，任何地方”；句意：對(duì)電腦技術(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)不再局限于某個(gè)國(guó)家，沒有比在歐洲更能證明這一事實(shí)了。nowhere引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)倒裝句。Thisisnomore...than...沒有…比…更…，此句表明歐洲最能證明這一事實(shí)。D項(xiàng)符合句意，答案D

18.單選題

Hesaidthatendingtheagreementwould（

）thefutureofsmallorfamily-runshops,leadtofewerbooksbeingpublishedandincreasepricesofallbutafewbestsellers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.venture

B.expose

C.jeopardize

D.legalize

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。venture“冒險(xiǎn)”；expose“揭露，揭發(fā)”；jeopardize“損害”；legalize“使合法化”。句意：他說，終止協(xié)議不利于小型或家庭式經(jīng)營(yíng)書店未來的發(fā)展，那樣會(huì)減少圖書出版量，而且會(huì)提高除部分暢銷書以外全部圖書的價(jià)格。由leadto…可知是導(dǎo)致不好的結(jié)果，故空格處要填貶義詞，答案C

19.單選題

Actingissuchanover-crowdedprofessionthattheonlyadvicethatshouldbegiventoayoungpersonthinkingofgoingonthestageis“Don't!”Butitisuselesstotrytodiscouragesomeonewhofeelsthathemustact,thoughthechancesofhisbecomingfamousareslim.Thenormalwaytobeginistogotoadramaschool.Usuallyonlystudentswhoshowpromiseandtalentareaccepted,andthecourselaststwoyears.Thentheyoungactororactresstakesupworkwitharepertorycompany,usuallyasanassistantstagemanager.Thismeansdoingeverythingthatthereistodointhetheatre:paintingscenery,lookingafterthefurniture,takingcareofthecostumes,andevenactinginverysmallparts.Itisveryhardworkindeed.Thehoursarelongandthesalaryistiny.Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappy,waitingforthechancesofworkingwithabettercompany,orperhapsinfilmsortelevision.

Ofcourse,somepeoplehaveunusualchanceswhichleadtofameandsuccesswithoutthislonganddulltraining.ConniePratt,forexample,wasjustanordinarygirlworkinginabicyclefactory.Afilmproducerhappenedtocatchsightofheronemorningwaitingatabusstop,ashedrovepastinhisbigcar.Hetoldthedrivertostop,andhegotouttospeaktothegirl.Heaskedherifshewouldliketogotothefilmstudiotodoatest,andatfirstshethoughthewasjoking.Thenshegotangryandsaidshewouldcallthepolice.IttooktheproducertwentyminutestotellConniethathewasserious.Thenanappointmentwasmadeforhertogotothestudiothenextday.Thetestwassuccessful.Theygavehersomenecessarylessonsandwithinafewweeksshewasplayingtheleadingpartoppositeoneofthemostfamousactorsoftheday.Ofcourse,shewasgivenamoredramaticname,whichisnowworld-famous.Butchanceslikethishappenonceinabluemoon!

1.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonwhyyoungpeopleshouldbediscouragedfrombecomingactorsis（

）.

2.Anassistantstagemanager'sjobisdifficultbecausehehasto

（

）.

3.Accordingtothecontext,thesentence"Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappy"attheendofthefirstparagraphmeans

（

）.

4.Thephrase“onceinabluemoon”inlastlinerefersto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.actorsareveryunusualpeople

B.thecourseatthedramaschoollaststwoyears

C.actingisreallyahardjob

D.therearealreadytoomanyactors

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.doallkindsofstagework

B.workforlonghours

C.waitforabettercompany

D.actwell

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydon'tcareiftheirjobishard

B.theylikethestagenaturally

C.theyarebornhappy

D.theyareeasilysatisfied

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.allatonce

B.onceforalongtime

C.onceinawhile

D.onceandforall

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“Actingissuchanover-crowdedprofessionthattheonlyadvicethatshouldbegiventoayoungpersonthinkingofgoingonthestageis‘Don’t!’演戲是一個(gè)非常擁擠的職業(yè)，對(duì)于一個(gè)想要走上舞臺(tái)的年輕人來說，唯一應(yīng)該給的建議就是“不要!”可知演員行業(yè)人太多了。答案選D

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Thismeansdoingeverythingthatthereistodointhetheatre:paintingscenery,lookingafterthefurniture,takingcareofthecostumes,andevenactinginverysmallparts.Itisveryhardworkindeed.這意味著在劇院里每件事都要做：畫風(fēng)景畫，照看家具，照看戲服，甚至在很小的部分表演。這確實(shí)是很辛苦的工作。可知舞臺(tái)經(jīng)理的助理需要做各種事情，所以這項(xiàng)工作很艱難。答案選A

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后—句“Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappy,waitingforthechancesofworkingwithabettercompany,orperhapsinfilmsortelevision.但是血液中有舞臺(tái)的年輕演員們是快樂的，他們等待著與更好的公司合作的機(jī)會(huì)，或許是在電影或電視行業(yè)?！庇蓎oungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappy“血液中有舞臺(tái)”說明對(duì)舞臺(tái)的熱愛是天生的。故B項(xiàng)符合題意，答案選B。

第4題:判斷推理題。由最后一段第一句“Ofcourse,somepeoplehaveunusualchanceswhichleadtofameandsuccesswithoutthislonganddulltraining.當(dāng)然，有些人有不尋常的機(jī)會(huì)，不用這種長(zhǎng)期和枯燥的訓(xùn)練而一舉成名。”以及舉的例子可知onceinabluemoon意為不尋常的，千載難逢的。答案選B

20.單選題

Herushedintothehouseandsavedtheboyout,（

）theintensefire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irrespectiveof

B.insteadof

C.infrontof

D.incase

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。irrespectiveof不管…，不顧；insteadof代替，而不是；infrontof在…之前；incaseof在…的情況下。句意：他不顧烈火沖進(jìn)了房子并救出了那個(gè)男孩。A項(xiàng)符合題意，答案A。

21.單選題

Withkeen（

）,convincingfactsandaglobalangle,theauthorvividlyrecordedabrilliantpageofthegreatChineserevolution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspection

B.intellectual

C.intention

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。inspection檢查，檢驗(yàn)；intellectual智力的，有才智的；intention意圖；insight洞察力，洞悉。句意：通過敏銳的洞察力、有說服力的事實(shí)和全球化的視角，作者生動(dòng)地記錄了中國(guó)革命偉大輝煌的一頁?？崭裉帒?yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，首先排除B項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)最合適。答案D

22.單選題

Nowthatspringishere,youcan（

）thesefurcoatstillyouneedthemagainnextwinter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putover

B.putaway

C.putoff

D.putdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。putover“推遲，駛過”；putaway“放好，把……收好”；putoff“推遲，拖延”；putdown“放下，記下”。句意：春天來了，你可以把這些皮外套給收起來，直到來年冬天再拿出來。B項(xiàng)符合句意。答案B

23.單選題

Historyhasdemonstratedthatcountrieswithdifferentsocialsystemsandideologiescanjoinhandsinmeetingthecommonchallengestohuman（

）anddevelopment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolution

B.survival

C.rivalry

D.dignity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。evolution進(jìn)化，演變；survival生存，幸存；rivalry競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，對(duì)抗；dignity尊嚴(yán)。句意：歷史已經(jīng)表明，不同社會(huì)制度、不同意識(shí)形態(tài)的國(guó)家可以攜手應(yīng)對(duì)人類生存與發(fā)展的共同挑戰(zhàn)。由anddevelopment可知該空與development是并列關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B。

24.單選題

Technologyhas（

）thesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulated

B.furnished

C.functioned

D.facilitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。formulated構(gòu)想出，用公式表示；furnished供應(yīng)，裝備；functioned運(yùn)行，行使職責(zé)；facilitated促進(jìn)，幫助。句意：科技促進(jìn)了信息的分享和存儲(chǔ)以及信息的傳遞，進(jìn)而使得更多的信息為更多人所用。D項(xiàng)符合句意，答案D。

25.翻譯題

教育無所不在，可以在任何場(chǎng)合進(jìn)行，可以在淋浴時(shí)，也可以在工作中；可以在廚房里，也可以在拖拉機(jī)上，教育既包括在學(xué)校的正規(guī)學(xué)習(xí)，也包括整個(gè)非正規(guī)學(xué)習(xí)的過程。從德高望重的爺爺奶奶到在電視上就時(shí)政展開唇槍舌戰(zhàn)的人們；從年幼的孩子到著名的科學(xué)家都可以是教育者。一個(gè)人從嬰兒時(shí)期起就開始接受教育。教育是一項(xiàng)終身的活動(dòng)，是人的一生中自始至終不可或缺的組成部分。

【答案】Educationexistsalmosteverywhere.Itcanbegivenonanyoccasion,forexample,whenyouaretakingashower,ordoingajob,andevenwhenyouareinthekitchenoronatractor.Educationincludesnotonlytheregularattendingschoolforlearning,butalsothenon-normallearningoffschool.Everyonecanbeaneducator,fromthehighly-respectedgrandparentstothecriticswhohavespurredastrongdebateoncurrentpoliticsonTVandfromyoungkidstowell-knownscientists,etc.Onereceiveseducationfrominfancy.Education,asalife-longactivity,isallthewaytheindispensablepartofone’slife.

26.單選題

Thoughheviewshimselfasarealist,Cetronsayshisfindingsmakehimvery（

）

aboutfuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.sympathetic

C.objective

D.precautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。optimistic“樂觀的”；sympathetic“有同情心的”；objective“客觀的”；precautious“警惕的，謹(jǐn)慎的”。句意：盡管認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者，Cetron稱他的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓自己對(duì)未來非常樂觀。由轉(zhuǎn)折詞Though及realist“現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者”可知空格處所填單詞意思應(yīng)與realist相反，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者一般對(duì)未來不持樂觀態(tài)度，故選項(xiàng)中“樂觀的”正確，答案A

27.單選題

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imposed

B.pitched

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。impose強(qiáng)加，征稅；pitch投擲，傾斜；insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，東歐一件明顯微不足道的小事讓整個(gè)歐洲陷入一場(chǎng)大戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中。由insignificantevent與agreatwar可知兩者存在聯(lián)系，即小事件引起大戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，D項(xiàng)符合題意。答案D

28.單選題

Theratiooftheworkdonebythemachine（

）theworkdoneonitiscalledtheefficiencyofthemachine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.against

B.with

C.to

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。theratioofAtoB表示“A與B之比”。句意：機(jī)械所做的功與其受到的功之比稱為機(jī)械的效率。答案C

29.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiographynotforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkinthepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBiblearethisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe"authentic"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"authorized"bythesubject:thispresumablyallowsbiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."Unauthorized"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,he"unauthorized"characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress,Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral"authentic"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe"story"ofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubjects,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

4.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects'lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.